doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Tutorial/Panel Discussion:
Perspectives on IEEE 802.11 in 5G/NGMN
Date: 2015-11-10
Authors:
Name
Jim Lansford
Jeorge Hurtarte
Juan Carlos Zuniga
Company
CSR-Qualcomm
Phone
email
100 Stirrup Circle,
Florissant, CO 80816
+1-719-286-8660
Jim.lansford@ieee.org
Teradyne
Interdigital
Laurent Cariou
Intel
George Calcev
Huawei
Stefano Faccin
Qualcomm
Submission
Address
Slide 1
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Abstract
Panel Discussion on
Perspectives on IEEE 802.11 in 5G/NGMN
Tutorial Session
Dallas, Texas USA
November 9, 2015
Submission
Slide 2
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Background/Format
• The theme of this panel discussion is the role
802.11/WLAN systems will play in 5G networks
• There have been several presentations to introduce this
topic in 802.11 (see 802.11 area in Mentor)
– “Follow-up on 802.11 as a component” – 15/1153r1 – Laurent
Cariou (Intel)
– “802.11 as a component (tutorial)” – 15/757r1 – Adrian Stephens
(Intel)
– “802.11 as a Component” – 15/593r2 – Adrian Stephens (Intel)
– “NGMN 5G White Paper Overview” – 15/547r0 – Jeorge Hurtarte
(Teradyne)
• Each panelist will give a brief opening presentation
• Moderator will pose some questions to the panel
• Panel will take questions from the audience
Submission
Slide 3
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Introductions
Presenter(s) Name:
Affiliation:
Jim Lansford (Moderator)
CSR-Qualcomm
Jeorge Hurtarte
Teradyne
Laurent Cariou
Intel
Juan Carlos Zúñiga
Interdigital Communications
Submission
George Calcev
Huawei
Stefano Faccin
Qualcomm
Slide 4
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Presentations by Panelists
Jeorge Hurtarte
Laurent Cariou
Juan Carlos Zúñiga
George Calcev
Stefano Faccin
Submission
Slide 5
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
Submission
Slide 6
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Who is the NGMN Alliance?*
“The NGMN Alliance is an industry organization of world-wide
Telecom Operators, Vendors and Research Institutes (see
www.ngmn.org) and was founded by international network operators
in 2006. Its objective is to ensure that the functionality and
performance of next generation mobile network infrastructure,
service platforms and devices will meet the requirements of
operators and, ultimately, will satisfy end user demand and
expectations. “ 1
“It is the NGMN Alliance goal to drive and guide the development
of all future mobile broadband technology enhancements with a
focus on “5G”. The targets of these activities are supported by the
partnership of worldwide leading operators, vendors, universities,
and successful cooperation with other industry organizations.”
1. Sources: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/documents/pdf/about_us/NGMN_at_a_Glance_-_January_2014.pdf and www.ngmn.org
Submission
Slide 7
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
NGMN 5G White Paper Contents*
Table of Contents
Spectrum Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. 5G Vision
•
•
•
•
–
–
Business Context
Use Cases
Business Models
Requirements
Technology and
Architecture
6. Spectrum
7. IPR
8. Way Forward
9. Conclusions
10. Annexes
•
–
–
•
Suitability of Existing
Mobile Bands
Wireless Spectrum Needs
Spectrum Management
Options
–
4.
5.
Submission
Frequency Bands
Continuing Need for
Licensed Spectrum
Supplementary Spectrum
for Flexibility and
Capacity
Benefits of Spectrum
Flexibility
Required Next Steps on
Spectrum
* Source: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/images/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf
Slide 8
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
• NGMN Spectrum Highlights*
“Leverage spectrum – Higher frequencies (e.g., centimetre and
millimetre waves) and licence exempt spectrum should be
exploited to complement …as a complement to the available
mainstream licensed spectrum resource…simultaneous
connections to multiple access points need to be supported.“
“A new RAT could be motivated by higher carrier frequencies
(e.g., bands above 6GHz), lower latency [E2E: < 1ms], and
specific use cases.”
“In order to facilitate migration towards 5G, NGMN recommends that
LTE/ LTE-Advanced and Wi-Fi, as well as their evolution, are to
be supported by the new 5G network design. Thus, the accessagnostic network functions should accommodate any new RATs, as
well as LTE/ LTEAdvanced, Wi-Fi, and their evolution.”
* Source: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/images/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf
Submission
Slide 9
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
• NGMN Spectrum Highlights (continued)*
“A fundamental requirement is that operators must be free to
“re-farm” their existing mobile spectrum holdings for 5G
as well as being able to gain timely access to spectrum that
is already harmonised for mobile but is not yet assigned
and additional spectrum that may be identified at the ITU
World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15).”
“Supplementary spectrum, made available on a shared
basis, will be required to deliver extra capacity where
needed… Access to licence-exempt spectrum as a useful
supplement for certain applications and may be seamlessly
integrated into the 5G platform.”
* Source: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/images/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf
Submission
Slide 10
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
• NGMN Spectrum Highlights (Continued)*
“Spectrum flexibility can bring benefits of spectral
efficiency gains, examples include: increasing exclusive
spectrum with emphasis on improving regional/global
harmonisation; smart carrier aggregation to use spare
frequencies; spectrum trading; and managing fair access to
supplementary shared spectrum.”
“In 5G, network based positioning in three-dimensional
space should be supported, with accuracy from 10 m to <1
m at 80% of occasions, and better than 1 m for indoor
deployments. Tracking of high speed devices will be
required to provide this location accuracy in a real-time
manner.”
* Source: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/images/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf
Submission
Slide 11
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
NGMN Roadmap:
Commercial system ready in 2020
Standards ready end of 2018
Trials start in 2018
Initial system design in 2017
Detailed requirements ready end of 2015
* Source: http://ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/images/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf
Submission
Slide 12
Jeorge Hurtarte, Teradyne
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
5G and 802.11
Authors:
Name
Affiliations Address
Laurent Cariou Intel
Submission
Slide 13
Phone
Email
503-712-5560
Laurent.cariou@intel.com
Laurent Cariou (Intel)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
“5G” terminology to describe the evolution of
cellular networks in the incoming years
• NGMN focuses mainly on 3GPP standardization
• High-level objectives compared to 4G:
– Higher throughput (10X), lower latency, support higher user density (100X)
– Lower cost, better energy efficiency…
– Able to support a wider range of services…
• Main solutions:
– new air interfaces (IoT, <6GHz, >6GHz millimeter wave)
– Densification
– new network architecture
Submission
Slide 14
Laurent Cariou (Intel)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Densification for 5G
•
Reaching the requested level of densification is challenging for operators:
•
•
Some key facilitators:
•
•
•
•
cost, installation (especially indoors - negotiation with venue owners), management, …
Use of unlicensed spectrum
Use of neutral-host small cells deployed
Flatter and cheaper architecture
802.11 deployed indoor and in dense areas combines these facilitators (great
solution for operators)
•
•
For operators: Fast deployment of services, low cost, local management…
For users: a system that “works”
 Need to ensure that customers continue seeing 802.11 as a system that “works”
•
•
Simple, seamless, secure access, with features and flexibility to support new services
With the right level of integration with each operator’s network
Submission
Slide 15
Laurent Cariou (Intel)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Integration of 802.11 technologies in 5G
•
Loose core network integration
• S2b untrusted-network solution (any network) is used today for Wi-Fi calling
•
Deep integration of Radio-Access Network level, with LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation
(LWA)
• For WiFi APs collocated or non-collocated with LTE small cells
• This opens the door to 802.11ad/ay integration as well in the future
•
5G may create deeper architecture changes which can also impact
interworking
• need for management interfaces in a flatter network?
 Need to work much closer with operators to ensure the good level of integration
Submission
Slide 16
Laurent Cariou (Intel)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Thoughts
• WiFi is a key technology for mobile data
• 80% of smartphone traffic today
• IEEE 802.11 will stay an essential component of wireless broadband
access, and is very relevant for 5G
•
For users: Need to make sure it meets expectations: a system that “works”
•
•
•
Air interface design: 802.11ax and 11ay are essential technologies for the future
Always best connected: simple and seamless connectivity
New bands?
• For operators: Need to ensure the good level of interworking with 5G
• make 802.11 a component
Submission
Laurent Cariou (Intel)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Juan Carlos Zúñiga, Interdigital
Submission
Slide 18
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
5G – Combining Multiple Radio Networks
3GPP focus for 5G
5G will be designed with native support for connectivity across multiple radio networks
 Radio Access Networks (RANs) could
be deployed as “Standalone” or using a
Non-3GPP 5G Radio Access (e.g. Wi-Fi)
multi-connectivity framework
 5G framework should enable splitting
of data and control functions
5G Ultra-Mobile Broadband
 5G operators want flexibility to
Above 6 GHz Radio Access
initially deploy RANs based on their
individual roll out plans for 5G
services and spectrum availability
5G Flexible Access
 LTE is expected to evolve as a
Below 6 GHz Radio Access
component within the 5G multi-RAN
framework
 802.11 WLAN (Wi-Fi) is the primary
5G LTE Evolution Radio Access
non-3GPP radio access being
considered
Submission
InterDigital Confidential and Proprietary ©
192015 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Juan Carlos Zúñiga (Interdigital)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Common Core + Several RANs
From the NGMN Alliance 5G whitepaper:
Submission
Juan Carlos Zúñiga (Interdigital)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
NGMN Alliance considerations on
5G Core-RANs interface options
• NGMN currently considers 3 options
– Option 1 has minimal impact to existing RATs but limitations to
introduce full 5G performance services
– Option 2 allows for full evolution of network services for 5G but
requires new interfacing with EPC and Fixed/Wi-Fi
– Option 3 is the most comprehensive approach by integrating LTE, 5G
and Fixed/Wi-Fi but has multiple implications.
• NGMN mandates further research into Option 3 before drawing
conclusions.
• Option 3 allows to fully leverage capabilities of IEEE 802
technologies
– However option 3 requires IEEE 802 to provide an appropriate
network interface to the 5G Core
Submission
Juan Carlos Zúñiga (Interdigital)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
WLAN Network Interfaces
A managed RAN requires standard network interfaces for:
• Control
– Dynamic and efficient service deployment, sliceable network
configuration and reconfiguration, etc.
• Management
– Fault management, billing and charging, performance monitoring, etc.
• Data
– Common and simplified data structures
5G = Sliceable!
– Multiple independent services over the same radio infrastructure (IaaS)
– Rapid service deployment and (re)configuration
802.11 provides a Radio Link – to become a full RAN it
requires standard backend network connectivity
Submission
Juan Carlos Zúñiga (Interdigital)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
P802.1CF Interface option to 5G
IEEE 802 Radio Access Network
802.11
STA
Coordination
and
Information
Service
802.11
AP
R2
R10
TE Ctrl
Terminal
Interface
R1
Submission
Subscription
Service
R4
AN Ctrl
R11
AR Ctrl
R9
R8
Terminal
5G Core NW Functions
R5
NA
R7
R6
Backhaul
Access Network
R3
Access
Router
Interface
Access Router
Juan Carlos Zúñiga (Interdigital)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
George Calcev, Huawei
IEEE 802.11 in 5G
Submission
Slide 24
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
ITU-R IMT-2020 vision
IMT-2020 (“5G”) usage scenario
IMT-2020 (“5G”) Key capabilities
Recommendation ITU-R [IMT.VISION] is the basis of
3GPP definition of 5G
Usage scenarios extend from MBB
to Internet of Things.
Different usage scenarios have quite different
capability requirements, that will be hard to be
satisfied by a single existing RAT
Submission
25
George Calcev (Huawei)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
IEEE 802.11-2016
Submission
IEEE802.11
Peak Rate
<7Gbps
User data rate
Not guaranteed
Spectrum efficiency
Not guaranteed
(contention, interference)
Mobility
Pedestrian
Latency
Not guaranteed (network
discovery, contention,
interference)
Connection density
High (conference rooms,
stadia)
Network Energy
Efficiency
Not guaranteed (network
discovery, ontention,
interference)
Area Traffic
Capacity
High (limited by
backhaul)
George Calcev (Huawei)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Is IEEE 802.11 Relevant for 5G?
• IEEE 802.11 has a great presence and a great momentum
as low cost wireless access
– ABI Research estimates that “In 2014, over 2.4 billion Wi-Fi enabled
devices were shipped, while the industry surpassed 10 billion Wi-Fi
enabled devices shipped cumulatively in early 2015. Over half of
product shipments are dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) now. The
market is forecast to continue to grow rapidly over the next 5 years as
the technology is adopted across a wide variety of markets, including
consumer, mobile, automotive, and emerging markets.”
– https://www.abiresearch.com/market-research/product/1021330-wi-fi/
Submission
George Calcev (Huawei)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Is IEEE802.11 influential in those behind 5G?
• The 5G requirements are defined by ITU-R (IMT
2020) and NGMN, the 5G standardization effort is led
by the 3GPP organization
• IEEE 802.11 is a complementary technology to 5G
• Making IEEE802.11 better and being a partner in the
5G ecosystem is the way to go
Submission
George Calcev (Huawei)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
IEEE 802.11 Spectacular Progress
•
•
•
•
•
WLAN peak rates increased exponentially (MIMO, channel aggregation)
Increased spectrum efficiency (MIMO, MU-MIMO, higher MCS)
Low power amendments (such 802.11ah)
Increased bandwidth (160 MHz in < 6GHz and 2 GHz in 60 GHz)
Better security
WLAN Rates (Mbps)
100000
>20 Gbps
7 Gbps
10000
600Mbps
1000
54Mbps
100
10
11Mbps
2Mbps
1
1997
Submission
1999
2006
2007
2012
2018
802.1
1b
802.1
1a
802.1
1n
802.11
ad
802.11
ac
802.1
1ay
George Calcev (Huawei)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Remaining Challenges for IEEE802.11
•
Better integration with other wireless networks
– Interworking with cellular networks- tight integration with cellular networks
– Improved coexistence
– Easier remote control, management and maintenance
•
Efficient usage of available spectrum – improved operation in different
frequency bands
– Seamless channel transition with best band selection between TVWS, 900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5.x
GHz,60 GHz and cellular networks
•
Low latency for
– Connectivity to Internet,
– Transition between access points,
– Peer discovery (P2P) and service discovery
•
Improved PHY and MAC performance
–
–
–
–
•
•
Higher rates > 100Gbps
Interference mitigation for ultra dense deployments
Energy/power savings (green networks)
Efficient design for short packets, low duty cycle, and low power
Improved link and network reliability and availability
Better security
Submission
George Calcev (Huawei)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Stefano Faccin, Qualcomm
Submission
Slide 31
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
5G in 3GPP
•
5G activities are concurrently happening in several fora besides 3GPP:
– ITU/IMT2020: driving 5G cellular definition, defining timeline and process for IMT-2020,
evaluation criteria, requirements and evaluation methodology
– NGMN: defining verticals, architectural aspects, building blocks
– 5G Forum, Future Forum, IMT-2020PG, 5GMF, 5GPPP, and many more…
•
5G in 3GPP is the sum of multiple activities
– Definition of a set of use cases and scenarios specific for 5G (in particular verticals like IoT,
V2X, etc.)
– Definition of a new RAT (radio access technology) to cater for new requirements, use cases,
and verticals (including high density environments)
– Definition of a Next Generation CN (Core network) to support such scenarios/verticals, new
connectivity/subscription/service models to cater for the way the Internet is evolving, and
multi-RAT interworking, considering that only astute combinations of technologies can
provide the answer to all scenarios
•
•
3GPP is working with its OPs (ARIB, ATIS, ETSI, TTC, TTA, CCSA, TSDSI) to
design a candidate technology (including a new RAT and CN) for the IMT-2020
process
3GPP is defining the core network for 5G and the interworking between RATs
Submission
Slide 32
Stefano Faccin (Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
5G in 3GPP (Standards Timeline)
2015
2016
Rel 13
2017
Rel 14
2018
Rel 15
2019
2020
2021
Rel 16
5G RAN
reqs
RAN initial SI
1st phase
RAN WI(s)
2nd phase
RAN WI(s)
5G evolution
Defines
interfaces
between
radio
network and
core network
Continued LTE evolution
Defines use cases and
scenarios,
independently of
architecture and radio
technology
5G System Requirements
(SMARTER) Phase 1
5G System Requirements
(SMARTER) Phase 2
Initial Study
NextGen
Core
Network
1st phase
NextGen Core Network
2nd phase
NextGen Core
Network
Defines architecture and
radio technologies
integration
EPC evolution
Submission
Slide 33
Stefano Faccin (Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
802.11 in 3GPP
What has been done so far
• With the introduction of 4G and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), the
need for better integration with Wi-Fi has emerged
• Two main efforts
• System level integration
• Support of simultaneous connectivity for different services over cellular and trusted WiFi (operator-deployed Wi-Fi) – S2a connectivity
• Support of simultaneous connectivity for different services over cellular and untrusted
Wi-Fi (via a secure tunnel to an ePDG) – S2b connectivity
• Ability to transfer IP flows of a given service over both cellular and trusted/untrusted
Wi-Fi – NBIFOM (Network-Based IP Flow Mobility)
• Control of IP traffic mobility between cellular and WLAN via policy-based mechanisms
defined by 3GPP
• Tighter integration: LWA (LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation)
• Targets deployments of LTE and Wi-Fi APs (possibly co-located, or legacy APs)
• Cellular RAN (eNB) has control of selection of Wi-Fi AP and of traffic steering
Submission
Slide 34
Stefano Faccin (Qualcomm)
November 2015
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
Role of IEEE in 3GPP 5G Effort
• The 802.11 family has been part of the 3GPP e2e design for a long time
– Several solutions for interworking/interoperation defined for over a decade
– Increased level of sophistication, as technology & operator interest evolved
– For example: UMA, s2a/s2b/s2c interfaces, LTE-WiFi PDCP aggregation, etc
• We know 3GPP will define a new radio & an evolved core
• We expect the new radio to operate in licensed spectrum & in unlicensed
spectrum in a license-assisted manner
• We expect interworking & interoperation with 802.11 to be part of the
3GPP design from day 1, as for previous generations
Submission
Slide 35
Stefano Faccin (Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Questions for Panelists
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is 802.11 relevant to 5G?
Can 5G meet its goals without 802.11?
Is 802.11 sufficiently influential in those behind 5G?
What next steps should 802.11 take?
Submission
Slide 36
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1266r1
November 2015
Submission
Slide 37
Jim Lansford (CSR-Qualcomm)