Hypertension Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

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Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

Hypertension

Hypertension

Lifestyles, fitness and rehabilitation

What is Blood Pressure?

– Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system

What do Blood Pressure Numbers

Mean?

– Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is beating

– Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while heart is resting between beats

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

Normal Blood Pressure

– Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90

– Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should be closely watched

High Blood Pressure

– Blood Pressure > 140/ 90

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• How can I tell if I have High

Blood Pressure?

– Usually NO SYMPTOMS!

– “The Silent Killer”

– May have:

• Headache

• Blurry vision

• Chest Pain

• Frequent urination at night

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

Blood Pressure Measurement

– Sphygmomanometer

– Systolic pressure= pressure when 1 st sound is heard

– “Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound is heard

Blood Pressure Cuff Size

– Small – children and small adults

– Average

– Large – overweight and large adults

American Heart Association

Recommended Blood Pressure Levels

Lifestyles, fitness

And Rehabilitation

BP

Category

Systolic

(mmHg)

Optimal < 120

Normal < 130

Diastolic

(mmHg) and < 80

Follow-up and < 85

Recheck

2 years

Recheck 2 years

High

Normal

130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1 year

American Heart Association

Recommended Blood Pressure Levels

Lifestyles, fitness

And Rehabilitation

BP

Category

Stage 1

(mild HTN)

Systolic

(mmHg)

Diastolic

(mmHg)

Follow-up

140-159 or 90-99

Confirm within months

Stage 2

(moderate

HTN)

Stage 3

(severe HTN)

160-179 or 100-109

Evaluate within

1 month

180 or > or 110 or >

Evaluate immediately

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Causes High Blood

Pressure?

– Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases =

Primary Hypertension

– Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%

• Kidney Abnormalities

• Narrowing of certain arteries

• Rare tumors

• Adrenal gland abnormalities

• Pregnancy

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Causes High Blood

Pressure?

– Controllable Risk Factors

• Increased salt intake

• Obesity

• Alcohol

• Stress

• Lack of exercise

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Causes High Blood

Pressure?

– Uncontrollable Risk Factors

• Heredity

• Age

– Men between age 35 and 50

– Women after menopause

• Race

– 1 out of every 3 African Americans

– Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and

Mexican Americans

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Women and High Blood Pressure

– Birth Control Pill

– Pregnancy

– Overweight

– After Menopause

– African Americans

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

How does High Blood Pressure develop?

– Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract)

– If vessels wide open blood flows easily

– If vessel narrows pressure inside increases causing hypertension

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

What does High Blood Pressure do to my Body?

– Stroke

– Congestive heart failure

– Kidney failure

– Heart attack

– Heart rhythm problems

– Aneurysm

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Can I Do?

– High blood pressure is a lifelong disease

– Blood pressure can be controlled not cured

– Controlling blood pressure will reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Can I Do?

– Loose weight if your overweight

– Get regular physical activity

– Avoid excessive alcohol

– Stop smoking

– Manage your stress

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• What Can I Do?

– Decrease salt intake

– Eat for heart health

– Discuss the use of oral contraceptives with your doctor

– Discuss the use of some medications with your doctor

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control

1 – Know your blood pressure

• Have it checked regularly

2 – Know what your weight should be

• Keep it at that level or below

3 – Don’t use excessive salt in cooking or at meals

• Avoid salty foods

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control

4 – Eat a low-fat diet

• According to AHA regulations

5 – Don’t smoke cigarettes

• Or use tobacco products

6 – Take your medicine exactly as prescribed

• Don’t run out of pills even for a single day

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Ten Commandments for Blood

Pressure Control

7 – Keep your appointments with the doctor

8

– Follow your doctors advice about exercise

9 – Make certain family members have their blood pressure checked regularly

– Live a normal life in every other way!

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Medication for High Blood

Pressure

– Diuretics

• Rid the body of excess fluids and salt

– Beta-blockers

• Reduce the heart rate and the work of the heart

– Calcium antagonists

• Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Medication for High Blood

Pressure

– Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)

• Interfere with the bodies production of angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict (narrow)

– Vasodialators

• Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Medication for High Blood

Pressure

– Sympathetic nerve inhibitors

• Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all parts of the body, including the arteries

• Cause arteries to constrict raising blood pressure

• These drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibiting these nerves from constricting blood vessels

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring

– Mercury sphygmomanometer

• Standard for BP monitoring

• No calibration

• May be bulky

• Need a second person to use machine

• May be difficult for hearing impaired or patients with arthritis

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring

– Aneroid equipment

• Inexpensive, lightweight and portable

• Two person operation/need stethoscope

• Delicate mechanism, easily damaged

• Needs calibration with mercury sphygmomanometer

Hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation

• Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring

– Automatic equipment

• Contained in one unit

• Portable with easy-to-read digital display

• Expensive, fragile

• Must be calibrated

• Requires careful cuff placement

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