Friday, 1 April 2005
Order of the Day
of the Commission on Human Rights
(Sixty-first session, 14 March - 22 April 2005)
Friday, 1 April 2005
Plenary meetings
29th meeting
10.00 a.m.
Conference room XVII
Item 9 (b)*: Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any
part of the world, including:
(b) Procedure established in accordance with Economic and Social
Council resolutions 1503 (XLVIII) and 2000/3
* In closed session.
Notes

The deadlines for the submission of draft resolutions have been set as follows:
Items 4 & 5
Items 6 & 7
Item 8
Items 9 & 10
Monday, 4 April 2005, 1.00 p.m.
Wednesday, 6 April 2005, 6.00 p.m.
Friday, 8 April 2005, 3.00 p.m.
Monday, 11 April 2005, 3.00 p.m.
Items 11, 12 & 13
Items 14, 15 & 16
Wednesday, 13 April 2005, 1.00 p.m.
Wednesday, 13 April 2005, 6.00 p.m.
Items 17, 18, 19,
20, 21 & 3
Thursday, 14 April 2005, 6.00 p.m.
 All delegations scheduled to take the floor must provide the Secretariat beforehand with 25 copies of their
statements. For general distribution, 250 copies are needed.
 Identity photo-badges valid for the duration of the session may be obtained by all delegations, if needed, from the
UNOG Security and Safety Section at the villa “Les Feuillantines”(13, avenue de la Paix) from 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m.
upon presentation of a copy of their letter of accreditation and an identity document.
/...
____________________________
E/CN.4/2005/OD.14
GE.05-011224
-230th meeting
Item 11:
3.00 p.m.
Conference room XVII
Civil and political rights, including the questions of:
(a) Torture and detention;
(b) Disappearances and summary executions;
(c) Freedom of expression;
(d) Independence of the judiciary, administration of justice, impunity;
(e) Religious intolerance;
(f) States of emergency;
(g) Conscientious objection to military service.
E/CN.4/2005/6 & Add.1, 2, 3, 4, E/CN.4/2005/7 & Corr.1 & Add.1-2, E/CN.4/2005/53,
E/CN.4/2005/54 & Corr.1, E/CN.4/2005/55, E/CN.4/2005/56, E/CN.4/2005/57,
E/CN.4/2005/58, E/CN.4/2005/59, E/CN.4/2005/60 & Add.1, 2, 3 & Corr.1, 4,
E/CN.4/2005/61 & Corr.1 & Add.1-2, E/CN.4/2005/62 & Add.2-3, E/CN.4/2005/64 & Corr.1
& Add. 2, 3, 4, 5, E/CN.4/2005/65 & Add.1, E/CN.4/2005/66, E/CN.4/2005/67,
E/CN.4/2005/127, E/CN.4/2005/G/7, E/CN.4/2005/G/17, E/CN.4/2005/G/20,
E/CN.4/2005/G/21, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/5, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/11, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/24,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/27, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/31, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/32,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/33, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/34, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/35,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/36, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/37, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/38,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/39, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/40, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/41,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/42, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/43, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/44,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/45, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/46, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/47,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/48, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/61, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/62,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/63, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/64, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/69,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/81, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/83, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/84,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/85, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/86, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/87,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/89, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/95, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/105,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/107, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/108, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/109,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/111, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/112, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/114,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/136, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/138, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/140,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/150, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/151, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/182,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/183, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/184, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/193,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/198, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/207, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/211,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/220, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/223, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/231,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/233, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/241, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/244,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/249, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/258, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/259,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/267, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/274, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/276,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/277, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/278, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/295,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/299, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/303, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/305,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/307, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/310, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/312,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/314, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/317, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/323,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/325, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/333, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/334,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/335, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/339, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/342,
E/CN.4/2005/NGO/343, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/345, E/CN.4/2005/NGO/348,
E/CN.4/2005/CRP.4, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2004/40
/…
-3-
Persons invited
Mr. Alejandro Salinas, Chairperson-Rapporteur of the second consultative meeting on the
Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of
Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
List of speakers
Item 11 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Item 11 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Members
Cuba
Pakistan
Eritrea
Argentina
Zimbabwe
Ireland
Romania (on behalf of the community of States having French language in common)
Observers
Kuwait
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Yemen
Norway
Iraq
Switzerland
Chile
Cyprus
Holy See
African Union
Interparliamentary Union
Soloman Islands
Rwanda
Venezuela
Serbia and Montenegro
Uzbekistan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Algeria
Jordan
Denmark
Tunisia
Belarus
UNESCO
Thailand
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
/…
-4Item 11 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Non-governmental organizations
Joint statement: Dominicans for Justice and Peace, Franciscans International
and Dominican Leadership Conference
Joint statement: International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination and Arab Lawyers Union
Joint statement: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Juventud, Federación de Mujeres
Cubanas and National Union of Jurists of Cuba
Joint statement: International PEN and International Publishers Association
Joint statement: International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights and
International League for Human Rights
Joint statement: International Federation of Human Rights Leagues and Agir
ensemble pour l
Joint statement: Indigenous World Association, Women’s International
League for Peace and Freedom and Rural Development Foundation of
Pakistan
Joint statement: General Arab Women Federation, Union of Arab Jurists,
International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination, World Young Women’s Christian Association, All Indian
Women Conference, World Movement of Mothers and International
Educational Development
Joint statement: International Association for Religious Freedom, Pan Pacific
and South East Asia Women’s Association International, International Council
Jewish of Women, Pax Christi International, International Federation of
University Women, International Federation of Social Workers, Brahma
Kumaris Work Spiritual University, Susila Dharma International Association,
All India Women’s Conference and World Union of Catholic Women’s
Organizations
Joint statement: World Peace Council and Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la
Soberanía de los Pueblos
United Nations Watch
Baha’i International Community
Amnesty International
International Federation of Human Rights Leagues
World Organisation against Torture
Joint statement: Coordinating Board of Jewish Organizations and B’nai Brith
International
Organisation internationale pour le droit à l’éducation et la liberté
d’enseignement
International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists
Association for the Prevention of Torture
Centre Europe-Tiers Monde
World Federation of Trade Unions
Human Rights Watch
Organisation of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America
Conscience and Peace Tax International
Colombian Commission of Jurists
Joint statement: International Commission of Jurists and Redress
International Association against Torture
American Association of Jurists
Transnational Radical Party
/…
-5Item 11 (cont’d)
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos
South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre
International League for Human Rights
Friends World Committee for Consultation (Quakers)
International Committee for the Respect and the Application of the African
Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
International Religious Liberty Association
International Fellowship of Reconciliation
Federación Mundial Juventudes Democráticas
Libération
Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation
Jubilee Campaign
Consultative Council of Jewish Organizations
Sociedad Cultural José Martí
International Movement for Fraternal Union among Races and Peoples
Association internationale pour la défense de la liberté religieuse
Centro de Estudios Europeos
Centrist Democratic International
Permanent Assembly for Human Rights
Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustín Pro Juarez
Society for Threatened Peoples
Liberal International
European Union of Public Relations
Open Society Institute
International Institute for Peace
Organization for Defending Victims of Violence
African Society of International and Comparative Law
International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development
International Humanist and Ethical Union
Human Rights Advocates
International Youth and Student Movement for the United Nations
Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights
International Federation for the Protection of the Rights of Ethnic, Religious,
Linguistic and other Minorities
Madre
General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists
Joint statement: Catholic Institute for International Relations, Netherlands
Organization for International Development Cooperation and Asian Forum for
Human Rights and Development
A Woman’s Voice International
Agir ensemble pour les droits de l’ homme
Anti-Slavery International
International Indian Treaty Council
Association of World Education
International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples
Latin American Federation of Associations of Relatives of Disappeared
Detainees
Asian Legal Resource Centre
Nord-Sud XXI
/…
-6Item 11 (cont’d)
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
Item 11 -
Japanese Workers’ Committee for Human Rights
World Union for Progressive Judaism
Pax Christi International
International Educational Development
International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
War Resisters International
Joint statement: International League for Human Rights and Human Rights
Council of Australia
Netherlands Organization for International Development Cooperation
Rural Reconstruction Nepal
International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations
Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
International Alliance of Women
International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association
International Human Rights Association of American Minorities
Interfaith International
United Nations Association of San Diego
Becket Fund for Religious Liberty
Anti-Racism Information Service
Worldview International Foundation
Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development
Commission of the Churches on International Affairs of the World Council of
Churches
Reporters Sans Frontières
World Muslim Congress
International Association of Democratic Lawyers
Movement against Racism and for Friendship among Peoples
Union Internacional de la Juventud Socialista
Philippine Human Rights Information Center
Organisation tunisienne des jeunes médecins sans frontières
Persons invited on Monday, 4 April 2004
Mr. Leandro Despouy, Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers
Mr. Manfred Nowak, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment
Mr. Philip Alston, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions
Mr. Stephen Toope, Chairperson-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Enforced or
Involuntary Disappearances
Ms. Leila Zerrougui, Chairperson-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary
Detention
Ms. Asma Jahangir, Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief
/…
-7-
Annex
Other meetings
The information in the Annex is provided for ease of reference only and is subject to possible change.
Permanent reservations of conference rooms made for meetings of regional groups and other groups
of States will not be reflected in this document unless specifically requested.
This information does not imply any opinion or endorsement by the Secretariat of the United Nations.
Friday, 1 April 2005
Meetings organized by Permanent Missions, intergovernmental organizations,
OHCHR and the Department of Public Information (DPI)
Type of
meeting
Conference
Room
Meeting on the question of death
penalty
Co-sponsors
only
XXII
Permanent Missions of Mexico and
Guatemala
Consultations on draft resolution
“Human rights and indigenous
issues” (item 15)
Open-ended
XXIII
10.00 - 13.00
Permanent Mission of Denmark
Resolution on torture
Private
E-2064/66
10.00 - 13.00
Permanent Mission of Canada
Draft resolution on violence against
women (item 12)
Co-sponsors
only
XXI
10.00 - 13.00
Organisation Internationale de la
Francophonie
Réunion d’informations et
d’échanges avec les ONG (item 17)
Public
XXVII
11.00 - 12.00
Permanent Mission of Australia
Good governance in the promotion
and protection of human rights
Open-ended
XVII
13.00 - 14.00
Permanent Mission of Malaysia
Consultations on draft resolutions on Open-ended
the right to development (item 7), on
unilateral coercive measures
(item 10) and on international
cooperation (item 17)
XXII
13.00 - 15.00
Permanent Mission of the United
States of America
Informal consultations on draft
resolution concerning freedom of
association (item 11)
13.00 - 15.00
Permanent Missions of Poland,
Australia, Chile & the Republic of
Korea
Panel discussion on the practical
approaches to good governance and
human rights – Corruption as a threat
to democracy
Public
XXI
15.00 - 16.00
Permanent Mission of Chile
Incorporación de los derechos
humanos de la mujer en el sistema de
las Naciones Unidas
Private
E-2064/66
15.00 - 16.00
Permanent Mission of Pakistan
Globalization and its impact on the
full enjoyment of human rights
Public
XXVII
Time
Organized by
Subject of the meeting
10.00 - 11.00
European Union Presidency
10.00 - 11.00
Co-sponsors E-2070/72
only
/…
-8Meetings organized by Permanent Missions, intergovernmental organizations, OHCHR & DPI, Friday, 1 April 2005 (cont’d)
15.00 - 16.30
Permanent Mission of the Russian
Federation
Consultations on draft resolution
“Hostage-taking” (item 11)
Open-ended E-2070/72
15.00 - 17.00
Permanent Mission of Brazil
Second consultation on draft
resolution on a human rights global
report
Open-ended
XXIII
16.00 - 17.00
Permanent Mission of Canada
Draft resolution on the Working
Co-sponsors
Group on the draft declaration on the
only
rights of indigenous peoples
(item 15)
E-2060
16.00 - 17.00
Permanent Mission of Australia
National institutions
Co-sponsors E-2064/66
only
16.00 - 18.00
Permanent Mission of Cuba
Informal consultations on draft
resolution “The right to food”
Open-ended
XXVII
17.00 - 18.00
Permanent Mission of France
Détention arbitraire (point 11)
Open-ended
XXIV
17.00 - 19.00
Permanent Mission of Mexico
Consultations on draft resolution on
human rights of migrants (item 14)
Open-ended
XXI
17.00 - 19.00
Permanent Mission of Mexico
Informal consultations on draft
Co-sponsors
resolution “Women’s equal
only
ownership, access to and control over
land and the equal rights to own
property and to adequate housing”
(item 10)
XXIII
18.00 - 19.30
European Union Presidency
Consultations with NGOs
Private
XXII
NGO events
Time
Organized by
Subject of the meeting
Type of
meeting
Conference
Room
9.00 - 10.00
Children’s Human Rights Caucus
Children’s rights briefings
Public
E-3025
10.00 - 12.00
International Service for Human
Rights (co-sponsored by
International Commission of Jurists)
Human rights in Timor Leste
Public
E-2070/72
10.30 - 12.00
Organization for Defending Victims
of Violence
Independence of the judiciary
Public
XXIV
11.00 - 13.00
Freedom House (co-sponsored by
UK Government & International
League for Human Rights)
Challenges facing human rights
defenders in Central Asia (agenda
item 9)
Public
XXIII
11.00 -13.00
Interfaith International
Human rights in China
Public
XXII
/…
-9NGO events, Friday, 1 April 2005 (cont’d)
12.00 -13.00
International Association of
Democratic Lawyers (co-sponsored
by International Fellowship of
Reconciliation)
“Education for Korean minority in
Japan” (agenda item 10)
Public
E-2070/72
12.00 - 14.00
International League for Human
Rights (co-sponsored by
International Helsinki Federation for
Human Rights)
Human rights in the Russian
Federation (agenda item 11)
Public
XXIV
13.00 -15.00
Conscience and Peace Tax
International (co-sponsored by
Friends World Committee for
Consultation (QUAKERS))
Conscientious objection to military
service (agenda item 11(g))
Public
XXVII
13.00 -15.00
Centro de Derechos Humanos
Miguel Agustin Pro Juarez (cosponsored by Amnesty International
& la Fédération internationale des
ligues des droits de l'homme)
Human rights in Mexico
Public
XXIII
13.00 - 15.00
Asian Forum for Human Rights and
Development (co-sponsored by
Rural Reconstruction Nepal)
Human rights in Nepal
Public
XVIII
14.00 - 16.00
World Council of Churches
Human rights in West-Papua
(agenda items 10 & 11)
Public
XXII
15.00 - 17.00
FIAN - Foodfirst Information and
Action Network - International
“Extraterritorial obligations – The
human rights response to
globalisation” (agenda item 10)
Public
XXIV
Monday, 4 April 2005
Meetings organized by Permanent Missions, intergovernmental organizations,
OHCHR and the Department of Public Information (DPI)
Time
Organized by
Subject of the meeting
Type of
meeting
Conference
Room
9.00 - 10.00
Organization of the Islamic
Conference
Ambassadorial meeting
Private
XXII
9.00 - 11.00
Permanent Mission of Canada
Resolution on impunity
9.00 - 11.00
Permanent Mission of Mexico
Protection of human rights and
fundamental freedoms while
countering terrorism (item 17)
10.00 - 11.00
Permanent Mission of Brazil
Consultations on draft resolution on a Open-ended
human rights global report
Co-sponsors E-2064/66
only
Public
XXIII
XXII
/…
- 10 Meetings organized by Permanent Missions, intergovernmental organizations, OHCHR & DPI, Monday, 4 April 2005 (cont’d)
10.30 - 13.00
Permanent Mission of the
Netherlands
Informal consultations on religious
intolerance
Private
XXIV
11.00 - 12.30
OHCHR/DPI
General briefing with the Special
Rapporteur on the independence of
the judiciary
Public
XXIII
11.00 - 13.00
Permanent Mission of Mexico
Informal consultations on draft
Open-ended
resolution “Women’s equal
ownership, access to and control over
land and the equal rights to own
property and to adequate housing”
(item 10)
11.00 - 13.00
Permanent Mission of Norway
Human rights defenders (item 17)
Public
XXVII
13.00 - 15.00
Permanent Mission of the United
States of America
Briefing for Special Rapporteurs
Private
E-3023
13.00 - 15.00
Permanent Mission of the Czech
Republic
Human rights situation in Cuba
Public
XXI
15.00 - 16.00
OHCHR/DPI
General briefing with the Special
Rapporteur on the question of torture
Public
XXI
15.00 - 16.00
Permanent Mission of Portugal
Draft resolution on economic, social
and cultural rights (item 10)
Open-ended
XXVII
15.00 - 16.30
Permanent Mission of the Russian
Federation
Informal consultations on draft
resolution “Human rights and
arbitrary deprivation of nationality”
(item 14)
Open-ended
XVIII
15.00 - 17.00
Permanent Mission of Brazil
Informal consultations on draft
resolution on the right to health
Open-ended
XXII
15.00 - 18.00
Permanent Mission of Canada
Draft resolution on violence against
women (item 12)
Co-sponsors
only
XXIV
15.30 - 16.30
Permanent Mission of the United
States of America
Informal consultations on the
situation of human rights in the
Sudan
Private
XX
16.00 - 17.00
Permanent Mission of Portugal
Draft resolution on the right to
education
Open-ended
XXVII
16.00 - 19.00
Permanent Mission of Switzerland
Human rights and transitional justice
Public
XXI
16.30 - 18.00
Permanent Mission of the Russian
Federation
Informal consultations on draft
resolution “Inadmissibility of certain
practices that fuel contemporary
forms of racism” (item 6)
Open-ended
XVIII
17.00 - 19.00
Permanent Mission of France
Disparitions forcées
Open-ended
XX
17.00 - 19.00
Permanent Mission of Sweden
Persons with disabilities (item 14)
Private
XXII
XXII
/…
- 11 NGO events
Time
Organized by
Subject of the meeting
Type of
meeting
Conference
Room
9.00 - 10.00
Children’s Human Rights Caucus
Children’s rights briefings
Public
E-3025
9.00 - 10.00
NGO Women’s Caucus
Women’s human rights issues
Public
XXVII
11.00 - 13.00
International Rehabilitation Council
for Torture Victims
“How to prove torture? The Istanbul
Protocol” (agenda item 11 (b))
Public
E-2064/66
13.00 - 15.00
Lutheran World Federation
“A Hitchhiker’s Guide to the
Commission and Its Mechanisms”
Public
E-2070/72
13.00 - 15.00
International Commission of Jurists
(co-sponsored by the Permanent
Mission of Chile to the United
Nations)
“Draft basic principles and guidelines
on the right to a remedy and
reparation “(agenda item 11)
Public
XXII
13.00 - 15.00
Women's International League for
Peace and Freedom
Situation of widows as a result of war
(agenda item 12)
Public
XXIV
13.00 - 15.00
Centre on Housing Rights and
Evictions (co-sponsored by
International Women's Rights
Action Watch – Asia Pacific, Asia
Pacific Forum on Women, Law and
Development)
“Violence against women and the
right to housing: making the
connections” (agenda Item 12)
Public
XXVII
13.00 - 15.00
Centre Europe Tiers-Monde (cosponsored by FoodFirst Information
and Action Network)
“Droit à l’alimentation et droits des
paysans”
Public
XXIII
13.00 - 15.00
United Nations Watch
“Proposed reforms of the
Commission on Human Rights”
(agenda items 9 and 18)
Public
XVIII
13.00 - 15.00
Amnesty International
“Update on the protection of
journalists in conflict zones”
(agenda item 11)
Public
XX
13.00 - 15.00
International Federation of Human
Rights Leagues
“Strategies to promote human rights
and democracy in closed societies in
Asia”
Public
XIX
15.00 - 16.30
Reporters sans Frontières
“Their freedom is our freedom - To
call for the release of the hostages”
Public
XXIII
16.30 - 17.30
International Institute for
Non-Aligned Studies (co-sponsored
by World Peace Council, Indian
Council of Education)
“Rights of the child in Asia: Need for
child’s right education”
Public
XXIII
_____