Marine
Biology
The Study
of Life
I. Science
- an ongoing, inquiry-based
process to understand the
world around us
- relies on evidence
- challenges accepted theories
- undergoes peer review
II. Scientific Method
- a logical series of problem solving
procedures
A. Ask an Experimental Question
B. Form a Hypothesis
- a testable explanation
C. Collect Data
1.Controlled Experiment
a) Experimental Group:
- the part of an experiment
exposed to the experimental
factor
b) Control Group:
- the part of the experiment
that does not receive the
experimental factor
- used for comparison
2. Experimental Design
a) Manipulated (independent) Variable
- the one variable being tested
(experimental factor)
b) Responding (dependent) Variable
- a variable that is measured in a
controlled experiment
- changes in the responding variable
result from changes in the
manipulated variable
c) Constants (Controlled Variables)
- factors that remain fixed during an
experiment
3. Data
- information gained from observations
-Quantitative: numerical (metric
system used)
-Qualitative: descriptive
Jane Goodall collecting
qualitative data on
chimpanzee behavior
D.Analyze the Data
- look for patterns to explain the data
- graphs, tables, and statistical
analysis used
E. Report Conclusions
- Is the hypothesis supported or
rejected by the data?
- Experimental findings are subjected
to peer review.
- If the experiment has merit,
it may be published.
F. What is a Theory?
- explanation that is continually
supported by evidence
- help us understand the world
- used to make predictions
CH. 1 Biology:
The Study of Life
I. What is Biology?
Science: an ongoing inquiry
into the world around us
Biology: the study of living
things
Organism:
- an individual
living thing
- has all the
characteristics
of life
II. Characteristics of life:
A. Organization:
Cellular
Organelle
Molecular
Atomic
Subatomic
Nerve Cell
Mitochondrion Chloroplast
CH2OH
O
H
Nucleus
H
Water
Glucose
DNA
Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen
Proton
Neutron Electron
II. Characteristics of life:
A. Organization:
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Pronghorn
Antelope
Nervous
System
Brain
Nervous Tissue
II. Characteristics of life:
A. Organization:
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Earth’s
surface
Snake
Bushes
Water Hawk
Grass
Air
Pronghorns
Hawk
Snake
Pronghorns
Herd of Pronghorns
Soil
II. Characteristics of life:
A. Organization:
- Made up of Cells
unicellular
vs.
Paramecium and Didinium
multicellular
Leaf tissue
B. Reproduction
- asexual
vs. sexual
Click on
picture
E. coli showing binary fission
Human egg and sperm
B. Reproduction
parents:
asexual vs. sexual
1
offspring: genetically
identical
2
genetically
unique
B. Reproduction
Asexual
or
sexual?
1 cell
splitting
into 2
cells
B. Reproduction
Asexual
or
sexual?
Beetle pollinating a flower
B. Reproduction
Asexual
or
sexual?
B. Reproduction
Asexual
Hydra
budding
or
sexual?
B. Reproduction
Asexual or
Earthworms
Mating
sexual?
B. Reproduction
Asexual
Sheep
clones
or
sexual?
C. Growth and Development
1. Growth:
- increase in size or
number of cells
Click on
picture
Sea Urchin
Early
Embryonic
Development
C. Growth and Development
1. Growth:
Roundworm
Embryonic
Development
Click on
picture
C. Growth and Development
2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch
Butterfly
Development
Egg
Hatching
C. Growth and Development
2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch
Butterfly
Development
Larva
Eating
C. Growth and Development
2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch
Butterfly
Development
Chrysalis
Pupating
C. Growth and Development
2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch
Butterfly
Development
Adults
Emerging
C. Growth and Development
2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Common Whelk
D. Response to Environment
Mia Hamm
D. Response to Environment
D. Response to Environment
Homeostasis :
- maintaining a constant internal
environment necessary for life
E. Obtain and Use Energy
1. autotrophs:
- make their own food
2. heterotrophs:
- get food from other
organisms
PrayingCycad
Mantis
photosynthesizing
eating a Grasshopper
F. Evolution
- gradual
accumulation
of useful
adaptations
over time
F. Evolution
- gradual
accumulation
of useful
adaptations
over time
The
End