Agriculture Ecology
Biology - Agriculture Science
Standard I
Objectives 2 & 3
Ecology
• the study of the RELATIONSHIPS of
living things to EACH OTHER and their
ENVIRONMENT (surroundings)
Ecosystems
• ALL of the LIVING communities of an
area together with
the NON-LIVING parts of their
ENVIRONMENT
Parts of an Ecosystem
•
•
•
•
LIVING community (BIOTIC factors)
ENERGY input and use
NUTRIENT cycling
NON-LIVING environment (ABIOTIC
factors)
Ecology involves the study of the
following things:
• The interactions between members of the
BIOTIC community (the living plants,
animals and microbes)
• The interactions between members of the
BIOTIC community and the NONLIVING environment
• The interactions between the ABIOTIC
environmental factors (such as lighttemperature-moisture)
Organizational Levels
• Biosphere
• Ecosystem
• Community
• Population
• Organism/
Individual
Organizational Levels
Activity
• On one side of a blank sheet of paper
illustrate and label the concept of Biosphere
Biosphere
Your illustration here
Organizational Levels
Activity
• Fold the paper in half so that your
illustration is on the inside.
Biosphere
Organizational Levels Activity
• On one side of your paper illustrate and
label the concept of Ecosystem.
Ecosystem
Organizational OrgLevels Activity
• Fold the paper in half so that the illustration
of ecosystem is on the inside.
Ecosystem
Organizational Levels Activity
• On one side of the folded piece, illustrate
and label the concept of Community.
Community
Organizational Levels Activity
• Fold the paper in half so that the illustration
of community is on the inside.
Community
Organizational Levels Activity
• On one side of your folded piece illustrate
and label the concept of Population.
Population
Organizational Levels Activity
• Fold the paper in half so that Population is
on the inside.
Population
Organizational Levels Activity
• On one side of the folded sheet illustrate
and label the concept of Organism or
Individual.
Cycles of Matter
•
•
•
•
Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphourous
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Limiting Nutrient - Algae Bloom
Reindeer
Predator-Prey
• One organisms depends on the other
organism
Symbiosis
• “Living Together”
• One species lives in close association with
another species over a period of time
• Avoids competition for resources
– Examples:
• Mutualism
• Parasitism
• Commensalisms
Mutualism
•
•
•
Both organisms benefit
It is between two different
organisms
Example: Crocodile Bird and
the Nile Crocodile
–
–
Crocodile usually eats
animals, but allows the bird
to walk on its mouth
Bird cleans parasites in the
crocs teeth and removes and
eats scraps of food
Commensalism
•
One organism benefits, one unharmed
–
•
•
•
Sharing space, defense, shelter food
“eating together at the same table”
Neither one will die if relationship is ended
Example: Shrimp and Sea Cucumber
–
–
The shrimp spends the day inside the intestines of the sea
cucumber and at night emerges from it to feed on small
crustaceans
The cucumber does not benefit from it, but is not harmed
Parasitism
• One organism, the parasite, secures a home
on or inside another organism
• The parasite is the “guest” and the other
organism is the “host”
• It usually harms the host and benefits the
guest
Trivia Time – Part 1
• This organism is a
bird that eats insects
that live on and
irritate antelopes. The
bird flies up noisily
when other animals
approach.
• What type of
symbiotic relationship
does this describe?
Trivia Time – Part 2
•
•
This organism lives in the
intestine of its host, feeding off
the host’s blood. The host
suffers from loss of blood; it
becomes thin and is easy prey
to diseases.
What type of symbiotic
relationship does this
describe?
Biomes of the World
Tropical Rain Forest
Temperate Forest
Tundra
Boreal Forest/Taiga
Temperate Woodland/Shrubland
Temperate Grassland
Mountains
Savannah
Desert
Icecaps