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Chapter 18 Class Notes Fall 2010
(Slide 2) The heart is approximately the size of a fist, and is located in the _________________________.
The heart is enclosed in a ______________________ sac called the ______________________________.
(Slide 6) The ________________(outermost) ___________________ Pericardium is made of tough dense
connective tissue that ________________, anchors, and prevents ________________of the heart.
Concerning the deep two-layered Serous Pericardium, the __________________ layer lines the internal surface
of the ________________ Pericardium, and the __________________ layer (Epicardium) is on
___________________ surface of the Heart. These layers are separated by serous fluid-filled pericardial cavity
that __________________________ as the heart beats.
(Slide 9) The outermost layer of the heart wall is the ______________________________.
The _____________________ (middle layer) of the heart wall is the layer that _________________ when the
heart beats, and is made of spiral bundles of _________________________________.
(Slide 11) The crisscrossing connective tissue fibers of the Myocardium form the
____________________________________________.
The _____________________ , or inner layer of the heart wall is continuous with endothelial lining of
____________________________.
(Slide 15) Concerning the chambers of the heart, the two Atria are separated internally by the
______________________, the _______________________________ (atrioventricular groove) encircles the
junction of the atria and ventricles, and the ___________________ increase Atrial volume.
(Slide 16) Two ventricles are separated by the _____________________________________, and the anterior
and posterior _____________________________________ mark the position of the septum externally.
(Slide 18) The walls of the atria are ridged by ________________________________.
Which vessels enter the right atrium?
(Slide 18) Which vessels enter the left atrium?
(Slide 19) The walls of the ventricles are ridged by _______________________________, and
____________________________ project into ventricular cavities. What vessel leaves the right ventricle?
What vessel leaves the left ventricle?
(Slide 21) The heart is two side-by-side pumps, the right side is the pump for the ____________________
circuit, the contains vessels that carry blood to and from the __________________.
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(Slide 22) Left side is the pump for the ______________________ circuit, that contains vessels that carry the
blood to and from __________________________________.
(Slides 24-25) Please write down the path of blood through the pulmonary & systemic circulations:
_____________________volumes of blood are pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The Pulmonary
circuit is a ________________, ____________________ circulation. Systemic circuit blood encounters much
_________________________ in the long pathways. (Slide 27) How does the anatomy of the ventricles
reflects these differences?
(Slide 28) The ______________________ is the functional blood supply to the ________________________
itself.
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(Slide 33) Describe 2 Homeostatic Imbalances of the Heart:
Heart valves ensure ____________________________ blood flow through the heart.
Name and describe location of the two AV valves, and also describe their function:
(Slide 35) __________________________ anchor Atrioventricular (AV) valve cusps to
_____________________________________________.
Name and describe location of the two Semilunar Valves, and also describe their function:
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(Slide 43) Cardiac muscle cells are __________________, short, fat, _________________, and
_______________________________. ________________________are wide but less numerous;
__________________________________ is simpler than in skeletal muscle, and there are numerous large
_______________________________ (25–35% of cell volume).
(Slide 45) ____________________________________ are junctions between cells that anchor cardiac cells
together, which have __________________________ that prevent cells from separating during contraction, and
_____________________________ that allow ions to pass to electrically couple adjacent cells.
Since cardiac cells are coupled by __________________________, heart muscle behaves as a single
coordinated unit, or Functional _______________________________.