Sexual Morality
STDs
Teenage Sexuality
Pregnancy
Abortion
Pornography
Rape
Prostitution
Sexual Tourism
Sexual Orientation
Marriage
W.H.O.
• (Worldwide 1996-2000) Couples with unmet family
planning needs*
• Maternal deaths# .5 Million
• Unwanted Pregnancies 75 Million every year
• Abortions 50 Million every year
• Severe maternal morbidity# 20 million
• Prenatal mortality# 7.6 Million
• Unsafe abortion# 20 million
• People living with AIDS* 34.3 million (1996-2000)
• People newly infected with HIV* 5.4 million (1996- 2000)
• Curable sexually transmitted diseases# 333 million
• Female genital mutilation# 100-140 million
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs
• Curable
• Incurable
Curable
•
•
•
•
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is currently one of the most common
STD— about 4 million cases of Chlamydia occur
in the USA each year. However, about half of all
men and three-quarters of all women who have
Chlamydia have no symptoms and don't know
that they have the disease. It is easily cured if
detected in time. It is also, and possibly more
importantly, the biggest preventable cause of
blindness in the world.
Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is among the most common curable
STDs in the world caused by a bacteria.
• Infection with gonorrhea increases the risk of
becoming infected with HIV.
• This is likely due to weakening of the mucosal
surface secondary to the gonorrhea infection.
Note, however, that this effect is by no means
limited to gonorrhea and there is increased risk
of HIV transmission with co-infection of most
(STDs).
Syphilis
• The route of transmission for syphilis is almost
invariably by sexual contact.
• The signs and symptoms of syphilis are myriadbefore reliable blood test it was often confused
with other diseases.
• In the United States, about 36,000 cases of
syphilis are reported each year, and the actual
number is presumed to be higher. About threefifths of the reported cases occur in men.
Trichomoniasis
• Trichomoniasis, is a common STD that
affects 2 to 3 million Americans yearly. It is
caused by a single-celled parasite.
• Trichomoniasis is primarily an infection
found in the urethra in men, and the
vagina in women.
Trichomoniasis continued
• Trichomoniasis, like many other sexually
transmitted diseases, often occurs without
any symptoms. Men almost never have
symptoms, while 20% of women are
asymptomatic.
Incurable
• Herpes
• Hepatitis B
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Herpes
• The ways in which
herpes infections
manifest themselves
vary tremendously
among individuals.
The following are
general descriptions
of the courses
outbreaks may take in
the oral and genital
regions.
Oral to Genital
• Oral herpes can be passed from one
partner to another and oral herpes can be
spread to genital herpes thru oral sex.
Hepatitis B
• Originally known as serum hepatitis,
Hepatitis B has only been recognized as
such since WWII, and has caused current
epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa.
• Over one-third of the world's population
has been or is actively infected by
hepatitis B virus (acronym HBV).
HBV
• Hepatitis B is largely transmitted through
exposure to bodily fluids containing the virus.
This includes unprotected sexual contact, blood
transfusions, re-use of contaminated needles
and syringes, vertical transmission from mother
to child during childbirth, and so on.
• Hepatitis B infection may lead to a chronic
inflammation of the liver, leading to cirrhosis.
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
• HIV is transmitted through intercourse,
oral sex, blood transfusion, the sharing of
contaminated needles in health care
settings and through drug injection, and
between mother and infant during
pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding
according to a leading international health
care source UN AIDS
HIV continued
• People who become infected with HIV
may have no symptoms for up to 10 years,
but they can still transmit the infection to
others. It should be emphasized that one
can not diagnose HIV based on symptoms
alone. The only reliable way to know if a
person has become infected is by taking
an HIV test.
Faces of AIDS
How Many Teens are Having
Sex?
• One quarter of high school freshman girls and
just over half (52%) of senior girls have had sex.
• Less than a third (27%) of high school freshman
boys and 59% of senior boys have had sex.
• Nearly 9 of 10 students enrolled in alternative
high schools have had sex.
• About 1 in 5 young people do not have
intercourse while teenagers.
Sexual Intercourse
• 45.6 percent of high school students (48.5
percent of males and 42.9 percent of females)
reported having had sexual intercourse
• 60.5 percent of twelfth graders, 51.9 percent of
eleventh graders, 40.8 percent of tenth graders,
and 34.4 percent of ninth graders reported
having had sexual intercourse
• 6.6 percent of students reported initiating sexual
intercourse before age 13
Factors of Early Sexual Activity
• Going steady with a girlfriend/boyfriend
who is at least 3 years older
– Males involved in teen childbearing are
frequently not teenagers themselves. Adult
men fathered over 50% of babies born to girls
15-17 years old.
– California statistics indicate that seven in ten
births among teenagers are fathered by men
older than age 20
Peer Pressure
• Having sexually active peers
– Teens who believed that most or all of their
friends had ever had sex were much more
likely to have sex themselves than teens who
thought none or some of their friends had
ever had sex
Parent or sister had a child in teens
• Having a parent or older sister who gave
birth as a teen
– Teen girls whose mothers gave birth to their
first child in their teens have sex and give
birth earlier on average than girls whose
mothers were at least 20 years old when they
had their first child
Being raised by one Parent
– Teens who are raised by both parents from
birth have lower probabilities of having sex at
each age than teens who grew up in any
other family situation.
How Has the Media Affected our
Young Peoples’ Decisions?
• In 2003, 83% of the episodes of the top twenty
shows among teen viewers contained some
sexual content, including 20% with sexual
intercourse.
• 42% of the songs on the top 10 CDs in 1999
contained sexual content; 19% included direct
descriptions of sexual intercourse.
• On average, music videos contain 93 sexual
situations per hour, including eleven "hard core"
scenes depicting behaviors such as intercourse
and oral sex.
Female Sexual Predators
Kansas : No one under 15 can
marry
• After a pregnant 14-year-old from
Nebraska drove to Kansas in 2005 to
marry her 22-year-old boyfriend,
• (now serving time for having sex with the
minor)
• Kansas lawmakers decided it was time to
set a minimum marriage age.
Nebraska
• In the case of the Nebraska girl -- a person must
be at least 17 to marry in that state -- the girl's
mother gave permission for the couple to get
married in Kansas last spring after learning that
her daughter was pregnant. The couple's
daughter was born a few months later, in August.
• The groom, Matthew Koso, was charged with
sexual assault and sentenced in February to 18
months to 30 months in prison for impregnating
the girl.
NO Marriage under 15
• On May 4, 2006, the Kansas House vote
119-0 to approve a bill that would prohibit
anyone under the age of 15 from marrying
in Kansas and would set strict limits for
would-be brides or grooms under the age
of 18.
15, 16, 17
• Under the legislation, a 15-year-old could marry
only if a district court judge decided it was in that
person's best interest.
• Those who are 16 or 17 could marry if they met
one of three conditions: permission from a
parent or legal guardian and judicial consent;
permission from both parents and any legal
guardian; or permission from judge if the parents
are dead and there is no legal guardian.
In Georgia
• In April of 2006, Georgia Gov. Sonny
Perdue set 16 as that state's minimum
marriage age after a 37-year-old woman
married a 15-year-old boy, a friend of her
teenage son. Lisa Lynnette Clark pleaded
guilty in March to statutory rape and was
sentenced to nine months in prison.
Teacher Accused Of Oral Sex On
Her 9-Year-Old Student
• 10/13/2005
• SYLVESTER, Ga. -- A third-grade teacher
accused of performing oral sex on a 9year-old boy, allowing students to peek
down her blouse and slashing her wrists
with glass in front of her students pleaded
not guilty to the 24 criminal charges she
faces.
Life + 100
• Georgianne Harrell, 24, was indicted last month
on 24 charges of child molestation and reckless
conduct.
• Between August 2004 and May, authorities claim
she abused a total of 7 students. She has
resigned from the school.
• If convicted on all charges, she could receive
maximum sentences ranging up to several
hundred years, prosecutors said.
Delaware teacher raped student 28
times!
• An elementary school teacher accused of
having sex with a 13-year-old student has
been arrested and charged with multiple
counts of rape, authorities said.
Biology lessons?
• The teacher allegedly had sex with the boy 28
times during the last week of March, and on at
least one occasion allowed the boy's 12-year-old
friend to watch, authorities said. She also gave
the students alcohol, according to New Castle
County Police.
• Rachel Holt, 34, a science teacher at Claymont
Elementary School, was arrested early Tuesday
and charged with rape, providing alcohol to a
minor and unlawfully dealing with a child,
authorities said.
Teacher's Arrest Raises
Questions About Law
• Former Miss Texas Contestant Allegedly Had Sex
With 18-Year-Old Student
• DALLAS (June 11 2006) - The arrest of a high school
teacher for allegedly having sex with an 18-year-old
student has raised questions about the age constraints
of the state's three-year-old law criminalizing studentteacher sexual relationships.
• Amy McElhenney, 25, was arrested May 25 and charged
with having an improper relationship with a student. The
Spanish teacher and former Miss Texas contestant faces
up to 20 years in prison.
Consenting adults?
• But some lawmakers say the Hebron High School
student's status as a legal adult should exempt
McElhenney from the felony charge.
• State Rep. Helen Giddings, D-Dallas, wrote the Texas
law in 2003 that criminalizes sex between educators and
students. But she said she wanted the law to apply only
to students 17 and younger - uncomfortable with making
sex between two legal, consenting adults a felony.
• "I feel differently about 17-year-olds than I do about 18year-olds," Giddings said. "I don't necessarily believe the
penalty for the two should necessarily be the same."
No teacher student sex in Texas
• But other legislators added amendments to Giddings' bill
when it reached the floor of the House, making it illegal
for educators to have sexual relationships with students
of any age. Rep. Warren Chisum, R-Pampa, proposed
dropping the age limit, arguing that teachers wield a
power over students that diminishes the pupils' ability to
consent.
• "If they're a student, I just think they're off bounds
regardless of their age," Chisum said. "I felt like if we
didn't do that, we just virtually made it open season on
students that are 18 years old."
Pregnancy
3 trimesters, 40 weeks
• 1st Trimester 1-12
weeks
• 2nd Trimester 13-28
weeks
• 3rd Trimester 29-40
weeks
1st Trimester 1-12 weeks
• Heart Beat 6-8 weeks
• Brain wave Activity by 10 weeks
• Implantation by 12 weeks
Implantation
• This is when the amniotic sack connect to the
uterus by means of the umbilical cord.
2nd Trimester
• Fetal Movement
• Viability
Fetal Movement
Viability
• Point at which a baby
can survive out side
of mother’s womb.
About 24 weeks.
• This Baby was born
at 25 weeks in 1994.
5 years later… he started
Kindergarten
3rd Trimester 29- 40+ weeks
Abortion Law 20th Century
By 1900 all states had laws regarding abortion
after four months of pregnancy.
By 1965 ALL states ban abortion.
Roe vs. Wade
• All abortions are legal in 1st trimester.
• Abortions could only be prohibited in 2nd
trimester to save woman’s life.
• Abortions could be limited in 3rd trimester.
Since 1973
• Since 1973 there have averaged just under
1Million abortions per year.
• 50% of all abortions are performed on women
that previously had an abortion.
• About 60% of all abortions are performed by
20 weeks.
According to the WHO
•
•
•
•
75 million unwanted pregnancies annually.
Approximately 50 million abortions
20 million unsafe abortions.
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publi
cations/RHR_00_13_RH_conflict_and_dis
placement/RH_conflict_chapter2.en.html
Planned Parenthood vs. Casey
• In 1992 the Supreme Court revisited
abortion law in a case from Pennsylvania.
• A stringent law there required:
• Informed Consent (24 hour waiting period)
• Spousal Consent
• Minor Consent
• Limited Government funding of Abortion
“Undue Burden”
• The court ruled that informed consent was
Constitutional as well limitation on public
funding.
• The court claimed that spousal consent
put an “undue burden” upon a woman.
“UNDUE BURDEN”
• Murky, legal notion.
• What is an undue burden?
• Is it too much of a burden for a married woman
to tell her husband?
• Why is it okay to stress out a kid and have them
tell their parents?
• Is limiting 3rd trimester abortions an undue
burden?
• Partial birth abortion laws have been struck
down as unconstitutional because they violate
this idea.
Partial Birth Abortion Law
• September 8, 2004
• U.S. District Court
Judge Richard Kopf in
Carhart v. Ashcroft
announced that the socalled 'Partial Birth
Abortion Ban,' passed
by Congress and
signed into law by
George W. Bush in
2003, is unconstitutional
and cannot be
enforced.
Federal Appeal Ruling
• In his 476-page ruling, Judge Kopf wrote
that the Act "does not allow, and instead
prohibits, the use of the procedure when
necessary to preserve the health of a
woman."
Partial Birth Abortion
• Procedure used to end late term
pregnancies.
Medical Emergency?
• If a woman’s life is at risk an Emergency
Caesarian birth can be performed in 15
minutes.
• A partial birth abortion can take hours!
• As the name implies, the woman gives
birth, before the baby is killed.
Graphic Photo Next…
Partial Birth Abortion
• 1/10 of 1%
of all
abortions
take place
after
viabilityabout
10,000 per
year.
Medically Necessary
• These abortions are justified on the basis that
they are medically necessary. 95% of the time
the medical diagnosis is depression.
Morally Relevant Differences
• Miami Case
• Orlando Case
Miami Case
• In May 2003 judge ordered an abortion for
a mentally handicapped woman in Miami.
Doctors testified that she was taking
medicine necessary for seizures that
would affect the fetus- causing severe
birth defects of death. If the woman
stopped taking the medication she would
die.
Orlando Case
• The case was the same as the Miami
case, expect the woman did not have a
guardian, and the Governor of Florida tried
to appoint a guardian for both her and her
fetus!
Florida’s Abortion Law and Minors
• The law, signed earlier this year by Gov. Jeb
Bush, will require doctors to phone or meet with
parents of most girls 17 or under 48 hours
before performing an abortion on them.
• If that's not possible, they can use certified mail
72 hours in advance. It wouldn't apply to girls
who are married or have already had a child.
The measure also lets judges grant a waiver
based on a patient's best interests, her level of
maturity or if she has been a victim of abuse by
her parents.
3 ways around Notification
• Medical emergency.
• Minor already has a child.
• Emancipated Adult status granted by
Judge.
What is Pornography?
• In its original meaning, pornography was
literally "writing about prostitutes", from the
classical Greek terminology for men who
chronicled the well-known "pornai", or
skilled prostitutes of ancient Greece.
Pornography
• In more modern times, the term was
adopted by social scientists to describe
the work of men, who in the 18th and 19th
centuries published treatises studying
prostitution and proposing to regulate it.
The term retained this meaning in the
Oxford English Dictionary until 1905.
• The term then came to mean writing about
anything sexual, especially in a base
manner, when the creation, presentation,
or consumption of the material was for
sexual stimulation. The term now refers to
sexually related material of all kinds, both
written and graphical.
In the eye of the beholder
• The definition of pornography is highly
subjective, with generally accepted works
of art such as Michelangelo's David being
considered pornographic by some people.
History of Pornography
• (The first
Playboy
cover
featuring
Marilyn
Monroe
in 1953)
History
• Pornography has an extensive history.
Sexually suggestive and explicit artwork is
as ancient as artwork of any other content;
explicit photographs date to very shortly
after the invention of photography; and
among the earliest films are works
depicting nudity and explicit sex.
History
• Nude human beings and sexual activities
are depicted in some paleolithic art (e.g.
Venus Figurines);
• There are numerous pornographic
paintings on the walls of ruined Roman
buildings in Pompeii. One notable example
is a brothel in which the various sexual
services are advertised in murals above
each door.
Late 20th Century
• In the second half of the 20th century,
pornography in the United States evolved from
the so-called "men's magazines" such as
Playboy and Modern Man of the 1950s. These
magazines featured nude or semi-nude women.
• By the late 1960s, however, these magazines,
which by then included Penthouse, began to
evolve into more explicit displays, eventually, by
the 1990s, featuring graphic depcition of sex.
• The first explicitly
pornographic film with
a plot that received a
general theatrical
release in the U.S. is
generally considered to
be Mona, a 59-minute
1970 feature.
Legal Status of Pornogrpahy
• The legal status of pornography varies widely.
Most countries allow at least some form of
pornography.
• In some countries, softcore pornography is
considered tame enough to be sold in general
stores or to be shown on TV. Hardcore
pornography, on the other hand, is usually
regulated.
• Most countries attempt to restrict minors'
access to hardcore materials, limiting
availability to adult bookstores, mail-order,
via television channels that parents can
restrict, among other means.
• Generally, disseminating pornography to a
minor is often illegal. Many of these efforts
have been rendered moot by the wide
availability of Internet pornography.
Legal Status of Pornography by
Country
• Greece: Softcore magazines, calendars,
and decks of cards are sold openly at
roadside kiosks and tourist shops.
Extreme or graphic pornography is
generally restricted to adults or X-rated
Illegal in Singapore
• Singapore: Illegal, including softcore
publications such as Playboy.
• United States: Hardcore material is legal
at the Federal level unless it meets the
Miller test of obscenity, which is rare.
Prosecution for and tolerance of
pornography varies widely from state to
state and city to city.
Miller v. California
• Miller, after conducting a mass mailing
campaign to advertise the sale of "adult"
material, was convicted of violating a
California statute prohibiting the
distribution of obscene material. Some
unwilling recipients of Miller's brochures
complained to the police, initiating the
legal proceedings.
Facts and Conclusion
• Question Presented: Is the sale and
distribution of obscene materials by mail
protected under the First Amendment's
freedom of speech guarantee?
• Conclusion: In a 5-to-4 decision, the
Court held that obscene materials did not
enjoy First Amendment protection.
The Miller Test of Obscenity
• It has three parts:
Part 1:
Whether the average person, applying
contemporary community standards,
would find that the work, taken as a whole,
appeals to the prurient interest,
Miller part 2
Part 2:
Whether the work depicts/describes, in a
patently offensive way, sexual conduct
specifically defined by applicable state law,
Miller part 3
Part 3:
Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks
serious literary, artistic, political, or
scientific value.
• The work is considered obscene only if all
three conditions are satisfied.
I know it when I see it
Justice Potter Stewart "I shall not today
attempt further to define the kinds of
material I understand to be embraced
within that shorthand description; and
perhaps I could never succeed in
intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I
see it, and the motion picture involved in
this case is not that."
Opposition to Pornography
• Opposition to pornography usually comes
from two sources: religion and feminism.
• Religious conservatives decry
pornography as immoral. They believe that
God has reserved sexual intercourse for a
man and a woman within the confines of
marriage, and that both the production and
use of pornography contribute to immoral
behavior in society.
Feminist
• Feminist critics generally consider
pornography demeaning to women. They
believe that depictions of sexuality for
erotic purposes are degrading to their
subjects, and contribute to the malecentered objectification of women.
• It can also lead to the objectification of
men!
Dolores’ View
• "...you get these women who are struggling to
have the female sex taken seriously for what
they are as people, and then you've got these
other women who are spreading their legs to
make money. So you've got one person who's
like, 'Listen to me, I'm a person, and I'm trying to
get a life and do something,' and another woman
who's like, 'Hello, anyone like a piece of ass?' " Dolores O'Riordan of the Cranberries
Rape
• State laws generally define rape as
vaginal, anal, or oral penetration involving
force or threat of force.
Introduction:
• Of all crimes, rape is one of the most
under-reported, making it difficult to count.
The National Women’s Study found that
84% of women did not report their rapes to
police
• The National Violence Against Women
Survey estimated that 302,091 women
and 92,748 men were raped in the 12
months prior to the survey administration
According to the National Violence
Against Women Survey
• 1 in 6 women and 1 in 33 men in the
United States has experienced an
attempted or completed rape at some time
in their lives.
• In 8 out of 10 rape cases, the victim knew
the perpetrator.
College students & Rape
• The National College Women Sexual
Victimization Study estimated that
between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 college women
experienced completed or attempted rape
during their college years.
High School Students
• According a national survey of high school
students, approximately 9% of students
reported having been forced to have
sexual intercourse against their will in their
lifetime. Female students (11.9%) were
more likely than male students (6.1%) to
report having been sexually assaulted.
Child Abuse in the USA
• Based on a review of state records
pertaining to child abuse and neglect,
86,830 children in the United States
experienced sexual abuse in 2001.
What are the consequences of
rape?
• Physical consequences of rape
• -chronic pelvic pain, premenstrual syndrome,
gastrointestinal disorders, and a variety of
chronic pain disorders, including headache,
back pain, and facial pain.
• Rape victims can contract sexually
transmitted diseases, including HIV.
• Over 32,000 pregnancies result each year
from rape in victims age 12 to 45 years.
Psychological consequences of
rape
• Psychological symptoms that are similar to
those of victims of other types of trauma,
such as war and natural disaster. Can
suffer from shock, disbelief, denial, fear,
confusion, anxiety, and withdrawal
Further Negative Consequences
• Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) are usually present
immediately after a rape
• Rape victims often experience anxiety,
guilt, nervousness, phobias, substance
abuse, sleep disturbances, depression,
alienation, and sexual dysfunction.
Further Consequences
• Women with a history of sexual assault
are more likely to attempt or commit
suicide than other women.
• Rape can strain relationships because of
its negative effect on the victim’s family,
friends, and intimate partners.
Prostitution
What is prostitution?
Prostitution is the sale of sexual services,
such as oral sex or sexual intercourse. A
person selling sexual services is a
prostitute, a type of sex worker. In a
more general sense of the word, anyone
selling his/her services for a cause
thought to be unworthy can be described
as prostituting him/herself.
Stats regarding prostitution
• 55% had been violently assaulted
• 55% had a drugs problem
• 54% suffered from mental health problems
• 75% of women in escort prostitution have attempted suicide
• Comprised 15% of all suicides reported by hospitals
• 72% were currently or formerly homeless.
• 92% stated that they wanted to escape prostitution immediately.
Decriminalization Doesn’t
Decrease Trafficking
• The legalization of
prostitution does not
equal a decrease
prostitution trafficking.
• Actually bringing the
prostitution industry in
line with all forms of labor
has made prostitutes
subject to labor laws
which ban the
employment of aliens
without the correct
visas/immigrations status.
Pros Of Making Prostitution Legal
• (1) allowing law enforcement agencies to
respond to more important crimes.
• (2) freeing justice systems from nuisance
cases.
• (3) helping women who are trapped by
prostitution.
• (4) preventing teens from being ensnared
into prostitution.
Proof
• When data from countries that ban
prostitution is compared with data from
countries that do not, many startling
discoveries can be observed.
• Countries without anti-prostitution laws
have less murders, less rapes, and
prosecute/imprison less people.
• HIV/AIDS is less of a problem; suicide
rates are lower as are divorce rates, too.
Conclusion
• The practice of prostitution, morally and ethically
wrong to many people, remains a choice made
by two consenting adults. Keeping prostitution
illegal results in few benefits and prostitution
continues to thrive with all the negative aspects.
Making prostitution legal increases the
probability of “safe” prostitution. Why continue to
fight a losing battle that costs people in many
ways.
Sexual Tourism
What is it?
• Traveling to a place where one
can pay for sexual activities,
specifically prostitution and
other forms of sexual
exploitation of women in
developing countries
• Sex tourism is tourism,
partially or fully for the purpose
of having sex, often with
prostitutes. Sex tourism is legal
in any country in the world
where prostitution is also legal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_tourism
Going Global
• On the web – for sex tourists to discuss and
attain information
– www.worldsexarchives.com as an example
• Agencies
– Big Apple Oriental Tours
– G&F Tours
– Many more
Destination
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cambodia
Thailand
Costa Rica
Mexico
Brazil
Taiwan
Gambia
…The List Goes On
“Workers”
• Marginalized, Impoverished Women
• 2 million children as young as five years
old in child sex tourism
http://domino-201.worldvision.org/get_involved.nsf/child/globalissues_stp
U.S. Department of Justice Child
Exploitation and Obscenity Section
• "On this trip, I've had sex with a 14 year-old girl in Mexico
and a 15 year-old in Colombia. I'm helping them financially. If
they don't have sex with me, they may not have enough food. If
someone has a problem with me doing this, let UNICEF feed
them."
-Retired U.S. Schoolteacher
• "Maria is . . . prostituted by her aunt. Maria is obliged
to sell her body exclusively to foreign tourists in
Costa Rica, she only works mornings as she has to
attend school in the afternoon. Maria is in fifth
grade."
Clientele
• Asian Men
– Growing economic status
• Primarily Western, White, Heterosexual
Males
– Business
– Pornography
– Military
RISKS
• Physical Health
– STDs
• HIV/AIDS
–
–
–
–
–
–
Unwanted pregnancy
Vaginal tearing
Violence
Rape
Physical Abuse
Confinement
http://www.arches.uga.edu/~haneydaw/twwh/traf.html
Risks: Mental Health
• Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
• Depression
• Insomnia
• Anxiety
• Psychological
Manifestations
• Social rejection
• Cultural Shock
Sexual Orientation
•
•
•
•
Heterosexuality
Homosexuality
Bisexuality
Across cultures there are different
biological, historical and psycho-social
components to sex and gender, no single
label or description will fit all individuals in
all cultures.
Heterosexuality
• Heterosexuality refers to a set of genetic,
chemical and behavioral conditions which lead
to an overall attraction to members of the
opposite sex in an erotic manner. Feelings of
heterosexuality are influenced primarily by
genes and the subsequent endocrine functions.
One school of thought also holds that
heterosexuality is influenced by environmental
factors, and that one may be "made"
heterosexual or homosexual by upbringing or
therapy.
Homosexuality
Literally the word means:
• The word homosexual translates literally
as "of the same sex," being a cross
between the Greek prefix homo- meaning
"same" and the Latin root sex- meaning
"sex."
Ancient Greece
• The Ancient Greeks believed:
• A person could only find true love with an
equal
• Men were superior to women.
• Therefore, a man could only find true love
with….
Another Man
• Socrates seduces Plato
• Plato seduced Aristotle
• Aristotle seduced
Alexander the Great?!?
Homosexuality Continued
• Since its coining, the term homosexuality has acquired
multiple meanings. In the original sense, it refers to an
innate sexual orientation characterized by aesthetic
attraction, romantic love, and sexual desire exclusively
or primarily for members of the same sex or gender
identity.
• It can also refer to the manifestation of that orientation in
the sexual identity of an individual, an identity which may
or may not be at odds with that person's sexual behavior.
• Finally, it can refer to sexual relations with another of the
same sex or gender regardless of one's sexual
orientation or self-identification.
In other words
Can you be homosexual, without engaging
in homosexual acts?
Does engaging in homosexual acts,
Define you as homosexual?
Think about prison?
Bisexuality
• Bisexuality is a sexual
orientation
characterized by
aesthetic attraction,
romantic love and
sexual desire for both
males and females. It
is usually contrasted
with homosexuality
and heterosexuality.
Marriage
• Traditional Marriage
• Same Sex marriage
• Polygamy
Traditional Marriage
• Traditionally, marriage has been a sacred
bond between a man and a woman.
• Historically, older men would marry
women in there early teens.
• Dowaries or payments from the brides
family to the groom were also involved in
the ritual. Dowaries are still paid in many
countries today.
Same-Sex Marriages in the
United States
• Marriage between two people of the same
sex
• Often referred to as Gay Marriages
• The push to obtain the legal protections of
civil marriages such as health insurance,
hospital visitation and social security
survivor benefits for same-sex families
has been taking shape since the early
1970s
Legal in certain states
• As of September 2005, the state of
Massachusetts recognizes same-sex
marriage, while California, Connecticut, the
District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maine, New
Jersey and Vermont grant people in same-sex
unions a similar legal status to those in a civil
marriage by domestic partnership or civil union
• In 2003, Goodridge v. Dept. of Public Health
ruled that Massachusetts ban on same-sex
marriage was unconstitutional
Cons for Legalizing
Same-Sex Marriages
-George W. Bush
• Most religions consider homosexuality to be
a sin
– Virtually every religion in the world, including all
the major ones in this country, consider
homosexuality unacceptable
G.W.
• It weakens the definition and respect for
the institution of marriage
– Law allowing gay marriage would increase the
number of joke or non-serious marriages,
such as a couple of friends who want to save
on taxes
– It makes biological sense since only a man
and woman can pro-create
G.W. conclusion
• It weakens the traditional family values
essential to our society
– The building blocks of our society and the
thing that makes it strong is the traditional
family of man, woman, and children
Pros for Legalizing
Same-Sex Marriages
• Denying the right to marriage is a violation of
religious freedom (civil and religious
marriages are two separate institutions).
– First Amendment clearly states that a person's
religious views or lack of must be protected
• Denying these marriages is a form of minority
discrimination
– Rights of minorities must be protected
Pros for Legalizing Same-Sex
Marriages (cont…)
Homosexuality is an accepted
lifestyle; Research has been done
that shows that homosexuality has a
biological cause
Benefits
• Marriage benefits (such as joint ownership,
medical decision-making capacity) should be
available to all couples
– For example, if one member of a gay couple that has
been together for 20 years gets critically ill, visitation
rights may be denied since the other is not
considered a "spouse or immediate family member"
• It does not hurt society or anyone in particular
– Society should not dictate what two people can or
can't do when no one is being hurt in the process
Gay Marriage
• Voters in California approved Proposition 22, in
March 2000 which said: "Only marriage between
a man and a woman is valid or recognized in
California."
• San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom directed
officials there to issue marriage licenses for
same-sex couples. The move drew thousands of
couples to the city for highly publicized weddings
before the state Supreme Court ruled that
Newsom had exceeded his authority.
Governor Schwarzenegger
Schwarzenegger on Gay Marriage
• "The governor believes the matter should
be determined not by legislative action —
which would be unconstitutional — but by
court decision or another vote of the
people of our state," the statement said.
"We cannot have a system where the
people vote and the Legislature derails
that vote."
Schwarzenegger continued
• The statement also said Schwarzenegger
"believes that gay couples are entitled to full
protection under the law and should not be
discriminated against." It did not offer his opinion
on same-sex marriage, but when asked about it
last year, the governor said, "I don't care one
way or the other."
The California Supreme Court is likely to decide
next year whether Proposition 22 and other state
laws that define marriage are constitutional.
Polygamy
• Several religious groups including Islamic
and Christian groups allow men to marry
several women.
American Polygamist
• Warren Jeffs, a Mormon, was placed on
the FBI’s 10 most wanted list for
polygamist activities.
• He is wanted in Arizona on criminal
charges of sexual conduct with a minor.
He also was charged in Utah with statutory
rape as an accomplice.
Polygamy in America
• Colorado Springs, Arizona has a large
population of ploygamist families. Many of
them are mormon. They maintain that the
Mormon church made a mistake when it
renounced polygamy a centruy ago.
Sexual Morality and Contact
• From plain sex to marriage, there are a
myriad of issues involved in this complex
topic.
At least 2 sides to the issue
• A conservative view suggest that whether
or not sex is natural, minors are not ready
for the consequences of sexual activity
and should abstain until they are older.
• A progressive view is that sex is natural
and that one should employ caution and
responsibility in your actions.
• Some view anything other than
heterosexuality to be unnatural!
Moral Questions
• Being responsible with yourself and others
means understanding the risk and
consequences of your actions.
• Diseases can be transmitted by means of sexual
contact, yet responsible behavior, such as using
a condom can reduce the risk.
• Before considering to engage in sexual activity
you should ask yourself if you truly understand
the possible consequences of your actions.
Moral Questions Continued
• Is it immoral to engage in homosexual
activities?
• Is it immoral to engage in bisexual
activities?
• Is it immoral to engage in heterosexual
activities?