What is Biology?
The study of Living Things
What does this
phrase represent?
“King Henry Died
By Drinking
Chocolate Milk”
K
H
D
d
c
m
Metric System
Know how to convert one
type of unit into another.
Name the three
main (basic)
metric units.
Meter
Liter
Gram
What is a cubic centimeter a measurement
for? Length, Volume, or Mass ?
1 cm high x 1 cm long x 1 cm wide = 1 cm³
Is cubic centimeter a metric
unit? YES or NO
What is a cubic meter a measurement
for? Volume
1 cm high x 1 cm long x 1 cm wide = 1 cm³
Is cubic centimeter a metric
unit? YES!!!
Convert
25.6 cm = __?__ Dm
0.0256 Dm Dm
25.6 cm = _______
How did we get that?
KHDBDCM
0.025.6
What are the steps of
the scientific method?
What is important about
a hypothesis?
Problem/Question
Hypothesis
Experiment
Scientists want to know
why things happen
Scientists develop an “If,
then” statement.
Scientists must be able
to TEST their hypothesis
Scientists test their
hypothesis
Data Analysis
Scientists look at their
data
Conclusion
Was their hypothesis
supported or refuted?
Why or why not?
Report Findings
Scientists want others to
know and they can also
test the findings
Normal Sun
1 Hr of Sun
2 Hrs Sun
3 Hrs of Sun
Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days.
What is the
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
I.V. = Amount (Hrs) of
Sun given to the
plants
What “I” change in
the experiment.
Normal Sun
1 Hr of Sun
2 Hrs Sun
3 Hrs of Sun
Measuring plant height (growth) after 7 days.
What is the DEPENDENT
VARIABLE?
D.V. = The height of
the plants after 7
days
The “D”ata collected.
What is the control in
this plant
experiment?
Plant that got
Normal Sun
What could be
some constants
in this plant
experiment?
•Soil
•Amount of
water
•Type of plant
•Size of
container
What is
QUANTITATIVE DATA?
What is QUALITATIVE
DATA?
Quantitative
Data that is
measured
and numbers
are obtained
Observations
Qualitative
Data
obtained
using 5
senses
Observations
What is a THEORY?
What is a THEORY?
A well tested hypothesis that
is supported by repeated
testing.
Which is the Zoologist and which is the Botonist?
Which is the Zoologist and which is the Botonist?
Name the
levels of
living
things.
Biosphere = All areas of earth with life
Ecosystem = Living and non-living in an area
Community = Different species in an area
Population = Same species (organisms) in an
area
Organism = Group of organ systems make up
this
Organ system = Group of organs working
together
Organ = Group of tissues working together
Tissue = Group of cells working together
Cell = SMALLEST LIVING THING
Molecule = Units that make up cells NOT LIVING
What is the main definition
of a species?
What is the main definition
of a species?
Must be able to reproduce and produce
fertile offspring.
Name the 8…
1.Made of at least one cell
2.Growth and Development
3.Obtain and Use energy
4.Homeostasis – Maintaining a
stable internal environment
5.Evolve
6.Adapt to its environment
7.Have genetic code (DNA)
8. Reproduce
What is Taxonomy?
Who was the “Father of Taxonomy”?
What is Taxonomy?
System of classifying and naming
living things
Who was the “Father of Taxonomy”?
Linneaus
What 2 kingdoms did Linneaus first
recognize?
How many taxons were
in his taxonomy
system?
Name them from
largest to smallest
What 2 kingdoms did Linneaus first
recognize? Plant & Animal
How many taxons (levels) were
in his taxonomy system?
7
Name them from largest to
smallest
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
(King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup)
•What system did Linneaus
create to help name
species?
•What 2 parts are in this
naming system?
•What language is used in
names?
•What system did Linneaus
create to help name
species?
Binomial Nomenclature
•What 2 parts are in this
naming system?
Genus species
(scientific name)
•What language is used in
names? Latin
Do these animals belong to the
same species or genus?
Ursus arctos
Ursus collaris
Ursus beringianus
These animals belong to the
same Genus
Ursus arctos
Ursus collaris
Ursus beringianus
What taxon was
added to make 8
taxons in the
MODERN system
of classification?
DOMAIN
was added to
make 8 taxons in
the MODERN
system of
classification
How many DOMAINS ? Name them!
How many KINGDOMS? Name them!
How many DOMAINS ?
3
Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya
How many KINGDOMS?
6
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Why do we classify living things?
Give 4 reasons
Why do we classify living things?
Give 4 reasons
•
•
•
•
Universal Naming Method
(Common names are different in various locations
around the world making it difficult to talk about an
animal. Ex: puma, mountain lion, cougar)
Organizes living things
Easier to study living things
Looks at relationships
Traditional classification is based
on ____________ characteristics.
Evolutionary classification is based
on ____________ characteristics.
Molecular (clock) classification is
based on ____________.
Traditional classification is based
on shared physical characteristics.
Evolutionary classification is based
on derived characteristics.
Molecular (clock) classification is
based on DNA and Time.
EVOLUTIONARY Classification uses
derived characteristics to show
evolutionary descent from a single
ancestor. It uses what type of tree?
EVOLUTIONARY Classification uses
derived characteristics to show
evolutionary descent from a single
ancestor. It uses a cladogram!
What is a dichotomous key?
What is a dichotomous key?
Lists paired
choices (1.a or
1.b etc.) to lead
you to the
organism’s
name.
Be able to use
one!!!!
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria belong
to what group of organisms:
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
What is the difference between
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria belong
to what group of organisms:
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes: No Nucleus or membrane
bound organelles
Eukaryotes: Have a nucleus and organelles
What are autotrophs
and what kingdoms do
they belong?
What are heterotrophs
and what kingdoms do
they belong?
What are autotrophs?
They make their own
food (energy) mostly by
photosynthesis (Plants,
Some Protista, Some
Archae, Some Bacteria)
What are heterotrophs?
They must consume
their food for energy
(Animals, Fungi, Some
Archae, Some Bacteria,
Some Protista)
What Kingdom was
first considered to be
in the Plant Kingdom?
What Kingdom was
first considered to be
in the Plant Kingdom?
Fungi
What are extremophiles?
What Kingdom are they from?
Extremophiles = bacteria that can
live in extreme conditions (hot,
cold, salty)
Kingdom = Archaebacteria
What is metabolism?
What is metabolism?
Process of gaining and using
energy
Know the key points of the
Classification
of Living Things Chart
that you were given in class
and be able to use one to
identify information from it.