The
Cell
What is a Prokaryote?
Prokaryote ?
 NO Nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
 “Pro” = “No Nucleus”
 A single celled organism
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
Cell
Membrane
 DOES have Cell Membrane,
DNA (circular type), Ribosomes,
Cytoplasm, and Cilia and/or
Flagella
What is a Eukaryote?
Eukaryote ?
What is a Eukaryote?
All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!
 Have NUCLEUS and Membrane bound
organelles “Eu” = “Yes Nucleus”
What MUST all cells have?
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
Things
What MUST ALL cells have?
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
4 Things:
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
What 3 things does a Plant cell
have that an Animal cell does
NOT have?
What 3 things does a Plant cell
have that an Animal cell does
NOT have?
•Cell Wall
•Chloroplasts
•Large Vacuole
Name the 3 parts of
the Cell Theory
Scientists
who
helped
develop
the
Cell Theory
List the 3 parts of the
Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from existing, living
cells
All living things are made of 1 or
more cells
Who invented the microscope
and saw the first living (live)
cells in pond water and called
them “wee beasties?”
Who invented the microscope
and saw the first living cells in
pond water and called them
“wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
Who saw cork and
named the chambers
“Cells”?
Who saw cork and
named the chambers
“Cells”?
Hooke
Sounds like cork
(kind of)
What did
Schwann say?
What did
Schlieden
say?
What did
Schwann say?
What did
Schleiden
say?
Schwann claimed that all
animals are made of cells.
Schleiden claimed that all
plants are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds like
Swan the animal
Think: Schlidin’ down the
vine and vines are
plants
Who claimed that all cells must
come from existing cells?
Hint:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who claimed that all cells must
come from existing cells
(reproduce)?
Way to Remember:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells
Who did this experiment
and believed in biogenesis?
Who did this experiment and
believed in biogenesis?
Redi - Biogenesis
Who did this experiment and
believed in abiogenesis?
Who did this experiment and did he
believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis
(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Who did this experiment and
believed in biogenesis?
Who did this experiment and
believed in biogenesis?
Pasteur - Biogenesis
The cell’s FUNCTION!
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the
smallest to largest?
What are the four levels of cell
organization starting from the
cell?
___________ is when cells
perform a specific function
for an organism.
Give at 3 least examples
Cell Specialization is when cells
perform a specific function for an
organism.
Give at 3 least examples
Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cells
What is the semi-permeable,
phospholipid bilayer that
regulates what goes in and out
of a cell?
What is the semi-permeable,
phospholipid bilayer that
regulates what goes in and out
of a cell?
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
What 3 things pass
through the cell
membrane or cell wall
easily?
What 3 things pass
through the cell
membrane or cell wall
easily?
Carbon DioxideDiffusion
H2O- Osmosis
Oxygen - Diffusion
What is located in the cell membrane to
selectively allow things into and out of the
cell?
What is located in the cell membrane to
selectively allow things into and out of the
cell?
Proteins & Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like substance between
the cell membrane and the nucleus?
?
What is the jelly-like substance
between the cell membrane and the
nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center of
the cell?
What is the control center of
the cell (brain)?
NUCLEUS
What is the organelle that is inside
the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
What is the organelle that is inside
the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What covers the outside of the nucleus
and what are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
What covers the outside of the nucleus
and what are the holes called to allow
ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane
(Nuclear Envelope)
and Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic material that is inside
the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
What is the genetic material inside the
nucleus called when it has condensed and
preparing for cell division?
What is the genetic material that is inside
the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)
What is the genetic material inside the
nucleus called when it has condensed and
preparing for cell division?
Chromosome
What is the powerhouse of the
cell?
What is the powerhouse of the
cell?
Mitochondria
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
??????
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
RIBOSOMES
What is used for
photosynthesis in the plant
cell?
What is used for
photosynthesis in the plant
cell? Chloroplasts
What are chloroplasts,
leukoplasts, and
chromoplasts called?
What are chloroplasts,
leukoplasts, and
chromoplasts called?
Plastids
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds
water) and small sac in an animal (used for
storage) called?
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds
water) and small sac in an animal (used for
storage) called?
What digests food and gets rid of
unwanted things in a cell?
?????????
What digests food and gets rid of
unwanted things in a cell?
______________is a folded membrane
and transports materials throughout the
cell.
______________is a folded membrane
and transports materials throughout the
cell.
Transportation of Proteins
Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
____________ is used in packaging and
transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend
through the mail.
____________ is used in packaging and
transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend
through the mail.
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
What are the
microtubules
covering the cell like
hair used for
movement?
What are the
microtubules that
are whip-like and
used for movement?
What are the
microtubules
covering the cell like
hair used for
movement?
What are the
microtubules that
are whip-like and
used for movement?
Cilia
Flagella
The movement of any molecule from
HIGH → LOW concentration is called
________?________
The movement of any molecule from
HIGH → LOW concentration is called
Diffusion
Movement of water across the
membrane from High to Low is
called ________.
Movement of water across the
membrane from High to Low is
called Osmosis.
What is movement of high to low
concentration that needs a protein but
DOES NOT need energy?
What is movement of high to low
concentration that needs a protein but
DOES NOT need energy?
Facilitated Diffusion
What is movement of high to low
concentration that needs a protein and
needs energy?
What is movement of high to low
concentration that needs a protein and
needs energy?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
__________________ is when a
large food particle is moved into the
cell.
___Endocytosis________ is when a
large food particle is moved into the
cell.
__________________ is when a
large particle is moved out of the
cell.
___Exocytosis_________ is when a
large particle is moved out of the
cell.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving
big particles in or out of the cell) is
also called _______ ________.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out
of the cell) is also called _______ ________.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside
and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called______ and the cell (shrinks,
swells, or stays the same)?
When the solute concentration inside
and outside of the cell is equal. This is
called______ and the cell (shrinks,
swells, or stays the same)?
Isotonic
Cell stays
the same
When the solute concentration outside
the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
When the solute concentration outside
the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells,
or stays the same?
Hypertonic
Cell shrinks
When the solute concentration inside the
cell is higher than outside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or
stays the same?
When the solute concentration inside the cell
is higher than outside the cell it is
called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or
stays the same?
Hypotonic
Cell Swells
and could
Burst
What happens to the cell in this
situation?
Where does water move in this
situation?
93% H2O
75% H2O
What happens to the cell in this
situation? Cell Shrinks
Where does water move in this
situation? Water moves out
Hypertonic Solution
Water goes
out
93% H2O
7% Solute
75% H2O
25% Solute
You need to
understand what
happens when
given water
concentrations
instead of solute
concentrations.
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the
size of a basketball.
Red Blood
Cell
Name the 3 reasons cells cannot be the
size of a basketball.
1. Geometry: Volume
increases faster than
surface area which
makes it hard for
membrane to keep up
with needs of the cell
2. Practical aspects:
Nucleus can’t handle
that big of a job.
Be able to identify which organelles belong to
Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells !
ORGANELLE
PLANT
ANIMAL
Prokaryote
Cell Wall
Yes
No
Yes
Cell Membrane
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nucleus
Yes
Yes
No
Nuclear
Membrane
Yes
Yes
No
Cytoplasm
Yes
Yes
Yes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Yes
Yes
No
Ribosome
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mitochondria
Yes
Yes
No
Lysosome
No (uncommon)
Yes
No
Chloroplast
Yes
No
No
Vacuole
Yes (Large)
Rare- very small
No
Golgi apparatus
Yes
Yes
No
Cilia
No
No
Yes
Be able to identify the
organelles in plant and animal
cells from various pictures in
our notes and Trade & Grade
review!!!!
Understand the diffusion lab that we
conducted in class.
Iodine diffuses into bag
because iodine is smaller
than bag pores and stains
starch black
Starch too big to diffuse through bag
pores so it stays in bag. You know this by
the iodine/water in the cup not turning
black.