What industries boomed due to the
railroad?
Coal
Lumber
steel
Where were the car, meat and steel
industries?
Travel quicker and safer
Ship gooda across nation
Jobs for immigrants
Industries grew
Cars-Detroit, Michigan
Meat-Chicago, Illinois
Steel-Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
What did George Westinghouse
invent?
George Westinghouse invented the
airbrake
What did Eli Janney invent?
Eli Janney invented the car coupler
What did Gustuvus Swift invent?
Gustuvus Swift invented the
refrigerated train car
What did Pullman invent?
Pullman invented the sleeping car for
trains
Why was the air brake an important
invention?
Air brake-made stopping the train safer
What were the outcomes of industrial
and railroad growth?
Why was the car coupler an important Car coupler-made connecting the train
invention?
cars safer
Why was the refrigerated train car
an important invention?
Refrigerated train car-made it safe to
transport fresh meat
Why was the sleeping car an
important invention?
Sleeping car-made it a more
comfortable railroad trip
What did Samuel Morse invent?
Samuel Morse-telegraph
What did Alexander Graham Bell
invent?
Bell-telephone
What did Thomas Edison invent?
Thomas Edison-light bulb, phonograph
What did Henry Ford invent?
Henry Ford-model T Ford
What does consolidation mean?
Consolidation-making lots of small
companies into one big powerful
company
Who was a railroad baron and what
does that mean?
Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the
railroads
What is a time zone and why were
they created?
Why was the Model T so important?
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
Time zones divide the country into
their own times-they were created by
the railroad companies so that train
schedules would match across the
country
Henry Ford made it possible for most
people to buy a car.
Andrew Carnegie-made his money in
steel-company called Carnegie Steel
Company-vertical integration-used the
Bessemer process
John D. Rockefeller-made his money
in oil, company called Standard Oil,
used horizontal integration
What is a philanthropist and who is a
famous one during this time?
Philanthropist-person who give lots of
money to charity
Andrew Carnegie!!!-libraries
What was the Bessemer process?
Bessemer process-easy and cheap way
to make steel
What was vertical integration?
Vertical integration-buying and
controlling all the businesses it takes to
make and sell one product (for coalbuying mines, warehouses, ships,
railroads)
What was horizontal integration?
Horizontal integration-combining all
the companies making a product into
one big company
What was monopoly?
Monopoly-total control over an
industry
What was an assembly line?
What is mass production?
Assembly line-when each worker
performed the same job over and over
again—all the parts created a product
quickly and cheaply
Mass production-making large
numbers of products very quicklymade products for very cheap for the
consumer
What were the working conditions on
the assembly line and in the factories?
Dark, boring, loud, stressful, too cold
or too hot, dangerous, and you could
lose your job easily
Why were labor unions formed?
Labor unions fought for worker rights
What were strikes?
Strikes-when people stop working and
picket in front of the business
Why didn’t strikes work very well?
Other people would take their jobs,
could turn violent
What was collective bargaining?
Collective bargaining-when both sides
come to an agreement so they feel like
they are getting something in the deal
What was the American Federation
of Labor?
AFL-lead by Samuel Gompers-only
accepted skilled workers
What did the labor unions fight for?
Shorter hours, better working
conditions, higher wages (more
money)
What was the Homestead Strike?
Homestead Strike-at Carnegie’s steel
mill, failed when company hired nonunion workers
What was the Pullman Strike?
Pullman Strike-at Pullman’s railway
plant, failed
Who were the workers in these
factories?
Immigrants and children