What factors caused the
growth of industry in
general?
• Access to raw materials and energy
• Availability of work force
(immigrants)
• Inventions
• Financial resources
How did industrialization and the rise
in big business influence life on
American farms?
• Mechanization (e.g., the reaper) had
reduced farm labor needs and
increased production.
• Industrialization provided access to
consumer goods (e.g., mail order)
• From farming to industrial America
What industries boomed
due to the railroad?
coal
lumber
steel
What were the outcomes of
industrial and railroad
growth?
Travel quicker and safer
Ship goods across nation
Jobs for immigrants
Industries grew
Where were the car, meat
and steel industries?
Cars-Detroit, Michigan
Meat-Chicago, Illinois
Steel-Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
What did George
Westinghouse invent?
George
Westinghouse
invented the
airbrake
What did Eli Janney
invent?
Eli Janney
invented
the car
coupler
What did Gustuvus
Swift invent?
Gustuvus Swift
invented the
refrigerated train
car
What did Pullman
invent?
Pullman invented the
sleeping car for trains
Why was the air
brake an important
invention?
Air brake-made
stopping the train safer
Why was the car
coupler an important
invention?
Car coupler-made
connecting the train
cars safer
Why was the
refrigerated train car
an important invention?
Refrigerated train carmade it safe to transport
fresh meat
Why was the sleeping
car an important
invention?
Sleeping car-made it a
more comfortable
railroad trip
What did
Samuel Morse
invent?
Samuel Morsetelegraph
What did Alexander
Graham Bell invent?
Bell-telephone
What did Thomas
Edison invent?
Thomas Edison-light
bulb, phonograph
What did Henry Ford
invent?
Henry FordModel T Ford
What does
consolidation mean?
Consolidation-making lots
of small companies into
one big powerful company
Who was a railroad
baron and what does
that mean?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
controlled the railroads
What is a time zone and
why were they created?
Time zones divide the country
into their own times-they were
created by the railroad companies
so that train schedules would
match across the country
Why was the Model
T so important?
Henry Ford made it
possible for most people
to buy a car.
Who was Andrew
Carnegie?
Andrew Carnegie-made his
money in steel-company called
Carnegie Steel Companyvertical integration-used the
Bessemer process
Who was John D.
Rockefeller?
John D. Rockefeller-made his
money in oil, company called
Standard Oil, used horizontal
integration
What is a philanthropist
and who is a famous one
during this time?
Philanthropist-person who give
lots of money to charity
Andrew Carnegie!!!-libraries
What was the
Bessemer process?
Bessemer process-easy
and cheap way to
make steel
What was vertical
integration?
Vertical integration-buying
and controlling all the
businesses it takes to make
and sell one product (for
coal-buying mines,
warehouses, ships, railroads)
What was horizontal
integration?
Horizontal integrationcombining all the companies
making a product into one big
company
What was a
monopoly?
Monopoly-total
control over an
industry
What was an assembly line?
Assembly line-when
each worker
performed the same
job over and over
again—all the parts
created a product
quickly and cheaply
What is mass production?
Mass productionmaking large numbers
of products very
quickly-made products
for very cheap for the
consumer
What were the working
conditions on the assembly
line and in the factories?
Dark, boring, loud, stressful,
too cold or too hot,
dangerous, and you could
lose your job easily
Why were labor
unions formed?
labor unions fought for
worker rights
What were strikes?
Strikes-when people stop
working and picket in
front of the business
Why didn’t strikes
work very well?
Other people would
take their jobs,
could turn violent
What was collective
bargaining?
Collective bargaining-when
both sides come to an
agreement so they feel like
they are getting something in
the deal
What was the American
Federation of Labor?
AFL-lead by
Samuel Gompers-only
accepted skilled workers
What did the labor
unions fight for?
shorter hours, better
working conditions,
higher wages (more
money)
What was the
Homestead Strike?
Homestead Strike-at
Carnegie’s steel mill, failed
when company hired nonunion workers
What was the
Pullman Strike?
Pullman Strike-at
Pullman’s railway plant,
failed
Who were the
workers in these
factories?
immigrants and children