From Isolation to Westernization
Chapter 18: The Rise of Russia
Independence
_____________________ gained political experience collecting taxes for the _______________
Freed most of Russia by ________________
Freed _______________ by 1480
_______________ emerges as leader
Carefully managed contact with the West
Commercial and Cultural ______________________
Russia after Independence
Centuries of isolation led to _____________________ and ______________________
Low _________________
____________________ organization
Almost ____________________ trade
Mostly __________________________
Ivan the Great (III)
Married niece of _____________________
Insisted Russia was the ___________________________
Named himself ____________
Ivan the Terrible
_______________________
Killed ________________________ to increase power
Ruled with __________________
Expansion
The Ivans focused on expansion into _____________________________
Want to push back____________________
Recruit ______________________ to settle pioneer lands 
16th Century gain control of
__________________________
__________________________
Czars took advantage of new lands as ______________ for nobles
New ______________________
Russia becomes huge ______________________ empire
Late 16th Century begin ___________________ for cultural cues
The Time of Troubles
______________________ dies without and heir
Power struggles between ___________________
______________________________ attack while Russia is weak
1613, _______________________ chosen to rule
Surprisingly, czars don’t lose power
Michael Romanov
______________________ order
Drove out ___________________
Gained control of _____________________
Alexis Romanov
Abolished _____________________
Gained control over __________________
Exiled _________________________ to Siberia
Peter the Great
Inherits large but __________________________________ Empire
Wants to adopt some _____________________ ideas
Rules as ________________________, not interested in ___________________________
Hires ____________________________ to run government
Builds professional army and _______________________
Set up ______________ police
Gained ______________________
Moved capital from ________________________________
Peter the Great’s Westernization
Built modern ____________________________ and Russia’s 1st navy
__________________ laws
Revised ________________________
Built up metallurgy and mining to ______________________________
Western styles
What Peter didn’t change
Limited urbanization = _______________________________
__________________________ remain the same
_______________________ do not change
___________________________ does not change
Didn’t attempt to increase ________________________ trade 
Catherine the Great
Practiced ___________________________
Advocated a strong ___________________
Claimed to be and “_________________________________”
Built a bureaucracy mostly from the nobility (__________________________________)
Landlords maintained ________________________________ peasants
Refused to ________________________ the serfs
Put down the ____________________________________
Patronized ____________________ art 
Encouraged nobility to get _______________________________
Fought __________________________ to win a port on the __________________________
_________________________________ with Austria and Prussia
When the French Revolution began in 1789, Catherine, fearing revolution spilling into Russia,
____________________________ from the west
Major Themes
Serfdom: _______________________________ were serfs who did agricultural work
Law passed in 1785 allowed______________ to ___________________ serfs for major offenses
Very ______________________, aimed at strengthening military
Extremely limited __________________________
Most people were _________________________________, but hated their landlords
Empire_______________________ east, west, and south
How Russia differed from the West
Very feudal, local lords exercised ___________________________
Did not experience _________________________ like the West
Because it wasn’t Catholic, no involvement in __________________________________________
Changes in Russia by 1750
Gained ____________________________ on Baltic and Black Seas
Sought and gained __________________________________ to the West
Unlike China and Japan, Russia _______________________________________________________