Name: ______________________________
Date: _______________
Decolonization in the Post-WWI Era
AP World History II
Per: ____________
Where to focus…
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India
•Colonization occurs long before Africa, therefore ___________________ begins earlier
•__________________________ Party
–Formed in ________ with British blessing
–Forum through which views of educated Indians could be made aware to the British government
–Members become alarmed at growing racism of Brits to Indians…realization of shared __________,
and growth of common _______________ identity
•¾ __________, ¼ ____________
–Early nationalist leaders built strong Hindu base…alienating __________________.
–B.G. ____________ was unconcerned as to the religious split
•B.G. Tilak
–Nationalism should be built upon ___________ religiosity
–Restoration and revival of ancient __________ traditions
–Opposed _____________ education
–Turned Hindu festivals into mass _______________ demonstrations
–Broke with ______________________ leadership
–Demanded _______________ of British-___________________ goods
–Called for Indians to refuse service in colonial administration and _________________
–DEMANDED FULL _________________________
•Threatened _____________ _________________ if not achieved immediately
•Reaction to Tilak was _________________…
–Increased ____________ rhetoric resulted in Tilak’s ____________ in Burma for 6 years
–_____________, ___________, and other religions became increasingly wary of his tactics fearing a
radical Hindu state
•After World War I…
–Brits refuse to honor __________________ promises (surprise?)
–_______________________________________
•Increase the power of Indian legislators at the all-___________ level
–_______________ Act (1919):
•Places severed restrictions on Indian __________ _________ (ex. freedom of press)
•Mohandas _________________
–Appealed to Western-educated and the _________________
–Non-violent ______________
•Peaceful _____________
•________________
•Non-cooperation
•Mass ______________________
•______________________, or truth force (soul force)
Egypt
 Nationalism emerges __________________ European conquest and domination
–Uprisings which led to the British occupation in __________ were aimed to overthrow the Turkish
___________________ who controlled Egypt
–British occupation meant ________________-_______________________!
•Starting in 1883 Lord _______________ (Sir Evelyn Baring) became High Commissioner of Egypt
–Pushed for ________________ reforms
–_________________ reform
–Irrigation systems, and other ____________ ______________ projects
–Beneficiaries:
•Middle and elite classes, foreign _____________, Turco-Egyptian political elite, Egyptian
____________________ in Cairo, and the ___________ (rural landlords)
•The Khedival Regime and the Ayan were closely _____________ to the British overlords.
•The cause of Egyptian independence would therefore lie in the hands of the business and professional
families that made up the ______________ class…the __________ (specifically, the Sons of the Effendi)
•In India, ____________ dominate the nationalism scene, whereas in Egypt, it is middle class journalists, etc.
–Unlike in India, Egyptian nationalist political parties never built a mass base.
•_____________________ ___________________ (1906)
–British officials punish peasants harshly for minor uprising
–Showed the ______________ _________________ purported by European colonizers
–Helped to build support in Egypt aimed at protesting the continued _____________ of Egypt
–By 1913, Britain granted the Egyptians a ________________ and representation in a parliament
•Defense of the ___________ ___________ was a priority for the British during WWI.
–Consequently, heavy numbers of Entente forces were stationed in Egypt, causing a drain on the
already scarce ____________ __________________.
–_________________ law was declared
–_________________ labor, and animal _______________ from the ________________
•______________ (wafd in Arabic) of Egyptian leaders was denied permission to travel to _____________
bring their case for self-___________________ to the Allies at the peace conference.
–Leaders call for mass ____________________
–____________________-led riots
–_____________________ actively took part in demonstrations
•The _______________ party provides the unifying force needed for unified action and a mass bass
•British withdrawal from Egypt begins in __________, and ends in ________ with the withdrawal from the
_____________ Canal Zone.
•Wafd Party government does little to end social ___________ of the ______________
•Military coup by Gamal Abdul _________________ in 1952
Turkey
•After WWI, the ________________ _____________- disappears from history.
•The Allies were intent to carve up Turkish land, and distribute amongst __________ (particularly _________
and _______________)
•By 1923, Mustafa Kemal, or _________ organized the push to drive the Greeks from the Turkish homeland.
•Ataturk founded Turkey based on these six principles:
–____________________ (based on the premise that sovereignty belongs to the people)
–Turkish ___________________ (emphasizing the glories of the Turkish past and the need for the
Turks to build their own state according to modern principles and without foreign intervention)
–_________________ (the idea that the people ruled through the Grand National Assembly, with all
economic and social interests represented)
–__________________ (dictating complete separation between the Muslim religious establishment
and the state)
–__________________ (meaning state intervention in major sectors of the economy and its control of
the rest, so as to assure rapid economic development)
–___________________ (dictating that all these changes be instituted at once and in full so that
Turkish society could develop as rapidly as possible).
•Ataturk pushed through a series of important reforms aimed at ____________ and ______________ Turkey.
–New, __________ alphabet
–_______________ suffrage
–__________________
–Western oriented ____________
–__________________ styles of dress
The Middle East
•The _____________ of Mecca (___________________ of Mecca: the governor or chief magistrate of
Mecca during the years of Ottoman Turkish rule), ________________ encourages Arabs to fight with the
Allies during WWI in opposition to ____________________ forces
•_________________ powers violate promises made to Arab leaders.
•European leaders occupy Middle Eastern lands in each of their ______________ in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon
Palestine/Israel
•__________________ (violent attacks) on Jews throughout the 19th century convinced Leon ____________
and other Jewish intellectuals that __________________ of the Jews into Christian societies was impossible.
•_________________ was a movement centered around Jewish intellectuals aimed at returning Jews to their
native Holy Land in ________________________
•Motivated by the Dreyfus Affair, Theodore ________________ organized western and eastern Jews to form
the ________________ Zionist _______________________
–It’s central aim was to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in _________________
–_______________________ towards Arabs living in the area
•In 1917, after WWI, Lord _____________________ of Britain announced that his government would
promote the establishment of a Jewish _______________________ in Palestine after the war.
–Britain received a League of Nations ________________ in 1922 to control Palestine.
–These promises seemed as a double-__________________ by the Entente Powers to Arabs
•Rising Arab opposition to the ___________________ of Jews to Palestine caused the British to severely
curtail their support of the ____________________ promises.
–____________________ leaders begin to mistrust the British
–Encourages Zionist leaders to build up their own ______________ against the rising Arab resistance.
–Palestinian needs and desires were not voiced through strong leadership in the coming years
Africa
•In response to war-time promises made to Africans in exchange for their __________________ service,
which never materialized, Africans began to organize pan-__________________ organizations to support the
cause of African unity again the foreign presence.
–Marcus ____________________
–W.E.B. ____________________
–___________________ Literary Movement
•Most of African Independence would be achieved well after WWII, but the movements themselves began
during the inter-war period