Homework 13 - Chapter 8: Reforming American Society
Read pg. 238 - 266 and answer the questions.
Section 1: Religion Sparks Reform
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Who was Charles Finney?
Why did people gather by the hundreds to hear him preach?
What is the term that describes religious activism to fix social problems?
What social problems did members of the 2nd Great Awakening tackle?
Why did members of the 2nd Great Awakening reject Calvinism (the idea that God predetermined who was going
to heaven and hell)?
What religious ideas are similar to Jacksonian Democracy?
What is the term for large gatherings to hear passionate preaching and prayer?
Does revivalism still exist today?
What nickname did Western New York get from Finney’s success in converting people by the thousands?
Why were revival meetings open to slaves and free blacks?
What new church was created in Philadelphia in 1816?
Why did the new black churches become the center African American life?
What is transcendentalism?
Who was the founder?
What did Thoreau’s writings emphasize?
Who was the main leader of Unitarianism?
What did the Unitarians believe?
What did they have in common with other Christians?
What was a utopian community?
What was life like at Brook Farm in the 1840s?
What did Mother Ann Lee teach the Shakers?
How did the Shakers multiply if they never married or had children?
Why did Dorethea Dix try and reform prisons and asylums?
What did she believe could be done with criminals and the mentally ill?
Who was the leader of the education reform movement?
What were some of the reforms that came to education?
Section 2: Slavery and Abolition
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What is unusual about James Forten’s youth?
By the 1830’s what had Forten accomplished?
Why did he oppose the idea of sending freed slaves back to Africa?
How many actually returned to Africa?
What form did the new opposition to slavery take?
Who was the leader of the emancipation/abolition movement?
What was the name of the newspaper he ran to publicize his anti-slavery views?
Who was David Walker and what were his beliefs?
How many free blacks lived in the south in the 1850s?
How many free blacks lived in Loudoun County in the 1850s?
Why was being a free black just a step above slavery and no more?
How did Frederick Douglass use education?
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What did William Lloyd Garrison see in Douglass?
Why did Douglass become such a great speaker for the abolitionist movement?
What was the name of his newspaper?
Why did the slave population double between 1810 and 1830?
What was life like for rural slaves?
Why did demand rise for slaves working in mills and on ships?
What were the numbers for slaves working in rural areas? Urban areas?
Why did Frederick Douglass say that “a city slave is almost a freeman”?
Who led the most famous slave rebellion of all time?
How many followers? How many were killed?
How close was the 1832 Virginia vote to abolish slavery?
How did Nat Turner’s rebellion actually make things worse for slavery?
What defense did proslavery proponents have?
Why did Congress limit the discussion of slavery with a “gag rule”?
Section 3: Women and Reform
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What surprise did Elizabeth Cady Stanton get in 1840?
What did Stanton and Lucretia Mott vow to do?
What is the cult of domesticity?
By 1850, how many women were working for wages?
Who were Sarah and Angelina Grimke? What did the fight for?
How did female reformers react to opposition from men?
What was the temperance movement?
Why was alcohol many times more dominant back then than it is now?
Did the temperance movement have any impact?
What advances did women make in the field of education?
What were the accomplishments of Elizabeth Blackwell?
Why were women crazy about Amelia Bloomer’s new pants style?
What did the women of the Seneca Falls Convention accomplish in 1848?
What did Isabella Baumfree change her name to?
What important contribution did she make for women?
Section 4: The Changing Workplace
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What did Susan Miller think of working at the Lowell Textile Mill?
How did the textile industry split families but also create new communities?
How were goods manufactured before the 1820s?
What were the 3 titles that skilled artisans could hold?
Why did skilled artisans get replaced by unskilled factory workers?
Do skilled artisans still exist today? Examples?
Why did the Lowell Mill hire mainly just females?
Why did most girls leave Lowell?
How would you describe the conditions at Lowell Textile Mill?
How did workers attempt to change things at Lowell?
Did the protest work? Why or why not?
How many immigrants entered the US between 1830 and 1860?
What lead to a second wave of immigration in the 1850s?
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Where did most immigrants come from?
What as the National Trade Union?
What did the Mass. Supreme Court decide in Commonwealth v. Hunt?
Why was working in a factory essential for women to gain equality and rights?