IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA
• Home work:
GUIDED READING
• Activities:
Risk
Presentations
MLJ, Organizer p. 1 and
Vocab.
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What is Imperialism:
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/imperialism/index.cfm
Draw an example in your note packet p. 2.
• Practiced by European nations and Japan
throughout the 1800s and early 1900s. U.S,
Early 1900’s. In every case, a nation would
experience industrialization prior to practicing
imperialism on a foreign nation or region. This
was due to the nearly insatiable (always
needing) demand for cheap raw materials and
the need for markets to buy manufactured
(finished) goods.
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Honors Show Imperialism
Cartoons “power point”
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AMERICA CLAIMS
AN EMPIRE
SAFARI Montage chap 3 U.S. & The World
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IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA
• Throughout the 19th century
America expanded control of
the continent to the Pacific
Ocean
• By 1880, many American
leaders felt the U.S. should
join European nations and
establish colonies overseas
• Thus began America’s jump
into Imperialism – the policy
in which stronger
industrialized nations take
control over weaker nations
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WHY IMPERIALISM?
• 1) Desire for Military
strength – Adm.Mahan
advised strong navy
• 2) Thirst for new markets
– to raise economy &
trade
• 3) Belief in Cultural
Superiority – a belief that
“Anglo-Saxons” were
superior
• 4)Feed the machine, get
raw materials-the
Factories
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Political Conflict
Imperialist
Argument
• Goal to get
Colonies, for raw
materials and
markets
• Establish a
strong presence
in Asia and Latin
America
Anti-Imperialist
Argument
• Violates right to
independence and
self-government of
countries
• Too costly
• Some Americans
did not want more
non-Europeans in
the U.S.
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WHY IMPERIALISM?
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“We are raising more than we
can consume…. We are
making more than we can use.
Therefore, we must find new
markets for our produce, new
occupation for our capital, new
work for our labor.”
-- Senator Albert J. Beveridge
(Indiana), 1899
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THE U.S. ACQUIRES
ALASKA Became a state on
• In 1867, Secretary of State
William Seward arranged
for the United States to
buy Alaska from the
Russians for $7.2 million
• Some thought it was a silly
idea and called it
“Seward’s Icebox” or
“Seward’s Folly”
• Time has shown how
smart it was to buy Alaska
for 2 cents an acre
• Alaska is rich in timber, U.S. II 5a; 1f, i
minerals, oil and gold.
January 3, 1959
p. 9
U.S. TAKES HAWAII
• Hawaii had been
economically important to
Americans for centuries
• To avoid import taxes
(tariffs), sugar growers
pleaded for annexation(to
join the U.S.)
• The U.S. knew the value of
the Islands – they had
built a naval base at Pearl
Harbor in 1887
• Led by Sanford Dole,
American annexed Hawaii
in 1898 and it formally
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became a state in 1959
p. 9
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Spanish American War
SAFARI Montage chap. 4 U.S. & The World
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THE SPANISH AMERICAN
WAR
• America had long held an
interest in Cuba
• When Cubans
unsuccessfully rebelled
against Spanish rule in
the late 19th century,
American sympathy went
out to the Cuban people
• After Spain abolished
slavery in Cuba in 1886,
Americans invested
millions in Cuban sugar
Cuba is just 90 miles south
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of Florida
CUBA’S SECOND WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
Marti
• Anti-Spain feelings in
Cuba soon erupted
into a second war for
independence
• Led by poet Jose
Marti, Cuba attempted
a revolution in 1895
• Marti deliberately
destroyed property,
including American
sugar plants, hoping
to provoke American
intervention
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Explain or
describe
this
cartoon
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WAR FEVER ESCALATES
“I’ll Bring You War Book BVd”
p. 3
• Newspaper
publishers William
Randolph Hearst
(New York Journal)
and Joseph Pulitzer
(New York World)
exaggerated
Spanish atrocities
and brutality in
Political cartoon: Pulitzer (left) and
Hearst escalating and instigating war
“Headline Wars” U.S. II 5a;
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between the U.S. and Spain
What was
Yellow
Journalism?
Exciting but
untrue stories
printed by a
newspaper to
attract more
readers and
sell more
newspapers
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U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES4 Square Activity Notes p. 4
Writing Article Activity-p. 5, 6Mail Call ZVD
Before
After
• Early in 1888,
President McKinley
ordered the U.S.S.
Maine to Cuba in
order to bring home
American citizens in
danger
• On February 15, 1898
the ship blew up in the
harbor of Havana
• More than 260 men
were killed
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The Maine
Explodes
“Remember the
Maine” Battle Cry
Unknown artist ,
1898
Notice the men
flying dramatically
through the air
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Is this “Yellow
Journalism”?
Explain or
describe this
cartoon
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WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN
• There was no holding
back those that
wanted war with Spain
• Newspapers blamed
the Spanish for
bombing the U.S.S.
Maine (recent
investigations have
shown it was a fire
inside the Maine)
• “Remember the
Maine!” became a
rallying cry for U.S.
intervention in Cuba
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Causes or Reasons for War:
p. 7, 8
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1.
Protection of American business
interests or economic interest in
Cuba
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2.
American support of Cuban rebels
to gain independence from Spain
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3.
The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in
the Havana Harbor of Cuba
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SO…
under pressure
from American
public opinion,
President William
McKinley
declared war on
Spain in 1898
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THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
• A naval blockade
of Cuba was
followed by a land
invasion
highlighted by
Roosevelt’s Rough
Rider victory at
San Juan Hill
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The War in Cuba
•17,000 troops were sent in wool with outdated weapons
•The “Rough Riders” took San Juan Hill
outside Santiago – led by Teddy Roosevelt
•They were a group of athletes, cowboys,
miners, etc.
mail call
ZDVD
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Theodore Roosevelt was the leader of a
special army unit called the Rough
Riders.
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With the help of the 10th Cavalry, they
defeated Spanish troops at the battle of
San Juan (Kettle) Hill.
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The SpanishAmerican
War was also
fought in the
Philippines…
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THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES
• U.S. forces surprised
Spain by attacking
the Spanish colony
of the Philippines.
• 11,000 Americans
joined forces with
Filipino rebel leader
Emilo Aguinaldo.
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The United States attacked and
destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet in the
Philippine Islands
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What does
this headline
tell us?
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THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES
• By August, 1898
Spain had
surrendered to the
U.S. in Manila.
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THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
• The American
Navy destroyed
the Spanish fleet
and paved the way
for an invasion of
Puerto Rico
(Spanish colony) .
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ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
• The U.S had to decide
how to rule the new
lands.
• Puerto Rico wanted
their independence–
but the U.S. had other
plans.
• Puerto Rico was
important to the U.S.
strategically.
• The U.S. set up a civil
government, full
citizenship, and a
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bicameral system.
…Now the
U.S. controls
the Pacific
island
of Guam
Puerto Rico
and the
Philippines.
Effects of War:
p. 8
Get down with GPP (Guam,
Puerto Rico and the Philippines)
like the OPP song
NOTE: Puerto Rico & Guam remain
territories of the U.S. today.
http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/window/media/page/0,,391782-1798075,00.html
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U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF
PARIS
Effects of War:
• The U.S. and Spain signed
an armistice on August 12,
1898, ending what
Secretary of State John
Hay called “a splendid little
war.”
• The war lasted only 16
weeks. 500 died
• Cuba was now
independent.
• U.S. receives Guam,
Puerto Rico, and “bought”
the Philippines for $20
Treaty of Paris, 1898
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million .
CUBA AND THE UNITED
STATES SAFARI Montage chap. 6 U.S. & The World
• The Treaty of Paris granted
full independence to Cuba.
• The U.S signed an
agreement with Cuba
known as the Platt
Amendment 1903.
• Key features of “Platt”
included the right of the
U.S. to maintain naval
stations on the island and
the right to intervene in
Cuban affairs.
• Cuba had become a
Today the U.S. has a
“protectorate” of the U.S.U.S. II 5a; 1f, i prison in Guantanamo
Bay, Cuba.
p. 9
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FILIPINOS REBEL
SAFARI Montage chap. 5 U.S. & The World
U.S. troops fire on rebels
• Filipinos reacted with
rage to the American
annexation.
• Rebel leader Emilio
Aguinaldo vowed to
fight for freedom and
in 1899 he led a
rebellion .
• The 3-year war claimed
20,000 Filipino rebels,
4,000 American lives
and $400,000,000 (20x
the price the U.S. paid
for the land).
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The United States was now seen as a
world power.
Effects of
War:
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Remember the WAR
Causes
– U.S. SAW Cuba needed help
– U.S. SAW the Maine explode
– U.S. SAW Yellow Journalism
Effects/Results
U.S. SAW Guam, Puerto Rico and the
Philippines become ours
U.S. SAW Cuba independent
U.S. SAW World Power
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The Results
U.S.
Intervenes
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FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA
• China was a vast
potential market for
American products.
• Weakened by war and
foreign intervention,
many European
countries had colonized
in China
• In 1889, John Hay, U.S.
Secretary of State,
issued the Open Door
Policy which outlined
his plan for free trade
among nations in China. U.S. II 5a; 1f, i
Foreign
nations were
opening the
door to
China’s trade
BOXER REBELLION
• European nations
dominated China’s cities.
• Resentment arose in the
form of secret societies
determined to rid China of
these “foreign devils.”
• The Boxer’s were a secret
group that rioted in 1900,
killing and vandalizing all
things foreign.
• Foreign Troops were
called in to put down this
“Boxer Rebellion.”
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AMERICANS PROTECT RIGHTS
IN ASIA
• After the Boxer
Rebellion, John Hay
again issued a series of
Open Door Policies.
• The right of America to
intervene to keep
foreign markets open,
and the belief that
America’s survival
depended on access to
foreign markets
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AMERICA AS A WORLD POWERTheir foreign policies
The Nobel
Peace Prize
is awarded
annually
• Two events signaled
America’s continued climb
toward being the #1 world
power
• 1) Roosevelt negotiated a
settlement between Russia
and Japan who had been at
War – his successful efforts
in negotiating the Treaty of
Portsmouth won Roosevelt
the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
• 2) Construction of Panama
Canal
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Economic interests and public opinion
often influenced U.S. involvement in
international affairs.
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“Speak softly and Carry a Big
Stick” At Work
SAFARI Montage chap. 7 U.S. & The World
Panama Canal
• Begun by French in
1880s
• US purchased the
project for $40m from
the bankrupt French
canal company:
– gaining access to a
six mile wide canal
zone
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THE PANAMA CANAL
Big Stick at Work
• By the early 20th century,
many Americans
understood the
advantages of a canal
through Panama.
• It would greatly reduce
travel times for
commercial and military
ships by providing a
short cut between the
Atlantic and Pacific
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oceans.
“The shortcut”
BUILDING THE PANAMA
CANAL 1904-1914
• The French had
already
unsuccessfully
attempted to build a
canal through Panama
• America first had to
help Panama win their
independence from
Colombia – which it
did 2days
• Construction of the
Canal stands as one
Cost- $380 million
of the greatest
Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died)
engineering feats of
Time – Construction took 10 years
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How the Locks work video
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This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line
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(canal) cutting across the middle of Panama.
Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal,
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which became sole property
Panama
in the year 2000.
Roosevelt adds to the Monroe
Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
• Europe stay out of our backyard
“the America’s” and we will stay
out of yours “Europe”
Roosevelt Corollary: We
acted as police.
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Teddy Roosevelt-”Big Stick”
Diplomacy
• Roosevelt Corollary (addition)to the
Monroe Doctrine (1904)
• Pres. Monroe said to Europe stay out of
our backyard and we will stay out of
yours. Teddy added we have the right to
interfere in economic matters of the
Americas.
• Roosevelt added the right of the U.S. to
intervene in their backyard if security
threatened. International POLICE
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• Painted ships white, sailed around world
Taft – “Dollar Diplomacy”
SAFARI Montage chap. 8 U.S. & The World
Let money talk.
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Wilson – “Moral Diplomacy”
• Sought to
provide moral
example for
other nations
• Theory of “Selfdetermination”
Let people rule
themselves.
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So what?
What is important to understand
about this?
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The United
States expanded
its interest in
world affairs…
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Cuba gained independence from Spain.
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The United States gained possession
of territories overseas… MAP
• Guam
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico
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…and acquired new territories
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Discussion Questions
1. What were the causes of the
Spanish-American War?
2. What were the results of the
Spanish-American War?
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How much
do you
remember?
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1. The most important reason of
Yellow Journalism is to…
a. Tell the truth
b. Cause or create revolutions
c. Win support for a specific person
d. Sell more newspapers
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2. Which country ruled Cuba before
the Spanish American War?
a. The United States
b. England
c. France
d. Spain
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3. The U.S. became a world power
after the Spanish-American
War because…
a. The U.S. followed a policy of
isolationism
b. The U.S. wanted to avoid war with other
nations
c. The U.S. now had territories around the
world
d. American businessmen invested in
sugar plantations
in China
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4. Which parts of the world came
under U.S. control as a result of
the Spanish-American War?
a. Alaska and Hawaii
b. Columbia and Venezuela
c. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
d. The Panama Canal Zone
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5. What effect did the SpanishAmerican War have on the U.S.?
a. The U.S. became opposed to
colonialism
b. Nationalism became a part of U.S.
foreign policy
c. Moral diplomacy was replaced by
gunboat diplomacy
d. The U.S. emerged as a world power
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Power point
TEST
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Spanish American War
Images Obtained from Google Images 2006.
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#1
• Name the two business interests the
United States had with Cuba.
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#2
• Americans supported Cuban rebels to
gain their independence from
_______________.
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#3
• Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris
the United States paid $20 million for
the territory of _________________.
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#4
• Which
president was
the leader of
the Rough
Riders during
the Spanish
American War?
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#5
• Cuba is _____ miles away from Florida.
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#6
• One of the terms of the Treaty of Paris
was that _________ became an
independent nation.
• Who was the president during the
Spanish American War?
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#7
• Name the three territories the United
States gained after the Spanish
American War.
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#8
• The battleship ___________ exploded
on February 15, 1898 in Havana, Cuba.
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#9
• Exaggerated news reports of events are
called what?
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#10
• After the Spanish American War the
United States emerged as a
__________________.
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Answers:
1. Sugar and Tobacco
2. Spain
3. Philippine Islands
4. Teddy Roosevelt
5. 90 miles
6. Cuba/ William McKinley
7. Philippine Islands, Guam, Puerto
Rico
8. Maine
9. Yellow Journalism
10. World or Imperial
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