Name:_____________________________________________ Test Date: B-Day, Mon. 1/25 A –Day, Tues. 1/26
Study Guide: DNA and Gene Technology Assessment
DNA:
 Structures from largest to smallest: cell → ______________→ chromosome → ________→ gene
 A _____________ is a set of instructions for each trait.
o Genes are found on ________________________.
o Chromosomes are made up of DNA.
 Rosalind ____________________ was able to create images of DNA
molecules using X-Rays and discover that DNA was spiral shaped.
 __________________ and ________________ made models to determine
DNA’s “twisted ladder” or double ___________________ structure.
 The picture above is the basic structure of DNA and it is made of _______________________.
 A nucleotide (pictured to the right) in a DNA molecule is
made up of a sugar, a _____________________, and a base.
 In a DNA nucleotide, the ________________ of the “ladder” is made of
___________ different nitrogen bases and the ______________of the
“ladder” are made of sugar and phosphate molecules.
 In DNA there are four different bases: _______________, ________________, ______________, _____________
 According to Chargaff’s rules Adenine always pairs with _____________________ and Cytosine
always pairs with ______________________________. A-T and C-G
 The complementary strand of ATTGCCG is
_____________ (because A goes to T and G always goes to C)
Genetic Engineering
 Cloning- process of making an identical ____________ of another organism using its DNA.
• __________, the sheep, is the first successfully cloned mammal because of genetic engineering.
Mutations:
 A ____________ in the order of bases in DNA is called a mutation.
 A mutation could be caused by x-rays, radioactivity,
_____________________rays.
 A mutation in DNA could result in no change,
death or a ______________________ disorder.
 Your phenotype (physical appearance) can be affected
by your ________________ and the ____________________________.
• The environment can have an effect on a person’s genes:
•
o Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is known to cause
mutations in skin cells that can lead to _____________.
o Smoking cigarettes can cause mutations in lung cells.
Most genetic disorders (albinism, sickle cell anemia, etc.)
are due to a ______________________gene.
Pedigree Chart:
 In a pedigree, ___________________ represent males and ____________________ represent females.

A solid _________________ square or circle indicates that the person has a certain trait.
 A _________________square or circle indicates that a person DOES NOT have a certain trait.
 A _____________________ square or circle indicates that the person is a carrier of a certain trait
but does not show the trait.
Know how to read and interpret a Pedigree Chart.