Name: ____KEY____
Biology – Semester Test Review Guide
Mrs. Reed
The semester test will cover all information from the beginning of school (Units 1, 2, & 3). This includes:
Characteristics of Life, The Scientific Method, Classification, Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi, &
Biochemistry. ***Cells will NOT be on this test***
You should study your notes!!
**Remember: You may also use a 3 x 5, handwritten note card on your
exam. You may use both sides, but the index card must be an original
and not a photocopy.
Unit 1: Characteristics of Life, The Scientific Method, & Classification
1. The independent variable in an experiment is – What I change
2. The dependent variable in an experiment is – What I observe
3. What is a hypothesis? What do you think will happen
4. What is a control? Group that stays the same
5. What are the 8 characteristics of life?
1. Evolve
5. Growth & Development
2. Made of Cells
6. Maintain Homeostasis
3. Genetic material RNA/ DNA
7. Reproduce
4. Requires Energy
8. Responds to stimuli (environment)
6. Four characteristics of viruses are:
1. Not Alive or made of cells
3. Variety of Shapes
2. Can only reproduce inside a host cell
4. Can remain dormant for years
7.
Viruses are made of __DNA/RNA__ material surrounded by a _Protein_ _Coat_.
8.
List 4 diseases that are caused by viruses:
1. HIV / AIDS
2. H1N1
3. Polio
4. Flu & many others (Chicken Pox, Herpes, Rabies, West Nile, Mono)
9.
Viruses that infect and kill bacteria are known as?
Bacteriophage
10. How is the treatment for a bacterial infection different from that of a viral infection?
Viruses can only be prevented by vaccines. Bacterial infections can be treated with Antibiotics
11. How does a vaccine work?
Person gets a weakened or dead amount of the virus to help them to make antibodies.
12. What is a dichotomous key? (You will need to know how to use one)
It’s a step by step method of classifying organisms
13. The classification system from largest to smallest is:
_Kingdom_ _Phylum_ __Class_ __Order__ __Family__ _Genus__ __Species_
14. What is binomial nomenclature? It is a 2 name system to name organisms. EX. Homo sapien
15. To accurately measure liquid volume, a _Graduated_ _cylinder_ is used.
16. The SI unit of measurement for mass? Grams
What is used to measure mass? Balance or scale
Unit 2: Bacteria, Protists, & Fungi
17. _Bacteria or Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
18. Bacteria are now classified into the kingdoms _Eubacteria_ and _Archeabacteria_.
19. Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?  Circle correct answer
20. Bacteria in the Kingdom _Archeabacteria_ are known for living in harsh environments.
21. Special, dehydrated cells that form when conditions are unfavorable for bacteria are known as?
Endospores
22. These bacteria die in the presence of oxygen?
Anaerobic Bacteria
23. How is treatment for a bacterial infection different from that of a viral infection?
Viruses can only be prevented by vaccines. Bacterial infections can be treated with Antibiotics
**Sorry for repeat question**
24. Draw each of the following:
Coccus- Circle shaped
Bacillus- Rod shaped
Spirillum- Spiral Shaped
25. Define the following:
Fission- Reproduction in single-celled organisms. The cell simply divides.
Conjugation- One cell will swap some genetic material (DNA) with another cell.
Cilia- Hair-like projections that cover the organism that are used to propel the organism in a liquid
environment
Flagella- Whip-like tail that is used to propel the organism in a liquid environment
Pseudopod- “False-foot”, Cytoplasmic projections used to propel the organism in a liquid
environment
26.
C Found in undercooked contaminated beef
B Found in 100% of poultry
A Found in soft cheeses and hot dogs
E Found on skin
D Commonly found on chicken, but can be on vegetables
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
27. All protist are in the Kingdom? Protista
28. What are the plant-like protists that can perform photosynthesis? Algae
29. What is the term for all animal-like protists? Protozoans
30. Yeast are classified in which Kingdom? Fungi
Listeria
Campylobacter
E. coli
Salmonella
Staph. aureus
31. What is a red tide and what causes it? Blooms of Dinoflagellates. Produce toxins that turn the water
red
32. An example of a fruiting body in fungi? Mushroom
33. Define the following:
Autotroph- Can make its own food
Heterotroph- Must consume other items for food
Unit 3: Biochemistry
34. Define the following:
Covalent Bond- Sharing of electrons to bond two or more molecules together
Electron- Negatively charged particle found outside of the nucleus of an atom
Neutron- particle found inside the nucleus of an atom with no charge
Proton- Positively charged particle found inside the nucleus of an atom
Ionic Bond- Bond formed between oppositely charged molecules
35. Know how to use the Periodic Table of Elements!!
Atomic Mass- Found under the chemical symbol
Atomic Number- Found above the chemical symbol
Number of Protons & Electrons- Atomic Number gives you the number of each
36. Building blocks for Proteins? Amino Acids
37. CARBOHYDRATES:
A. Ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in Carbohydrates (Glucose) ? 1:2:1
B. Monosaccharides- single sugar molecules. EX. Glucose
C. Disaccharides- how formed? By combining two Monosaccharides together
D. What functions? Energy source, structure
38. Define the following:
Dehydration Synthesis- Removal of a water molecule in order to combine to compounds
Compound- Made up of 2 or more elements
Isotopes- Element with a different number of neutrons
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions- Exothermic – gives off energy during a chemical reaction
Endothermic – absorbs energy during a chemical reaction
Catalyst- Enzyme (Protein) that helps speed up a chemical reaction
Lipid- combination of one Glycerol and three Fatty Acids
39. Parts of a solution? Solvent and Solute
40. Define the following:
Adhesion- Water molecule connected to another molecule
Cohesion- Water molecule connected to a water molecule