AP BIO- FINAL ASSESSMENT
The test will evaluate your understanding of broad and basic biological concepts. Therefore it will
cover material learned over the entire year.
Below are a list of “hints”- to allow you to prepare
Characteristics of life
How life is organized? What is the hierarchy?
Define and distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory
Name the 4 major groups of organic compounds; atoms are found in each
Describe the structure of an atom
Protein structure- primary, secondary, tertiary and quanternary.
Water- structure, bonds, properties
pH scale- what does it measure, which are bases, acids, neutral
Membrane structure, and the function of the proteins
Enzymes- structure and function; Define denatured
Define diffusion and osmosis
Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Difference between plant cells and animal cells
Structure and function of mitochondria, chloroplasts
Structure and function of ATP; How is it made?
Energy: Photosynthesis- general idea, reactants, products, organelles involved
Energy: Cellular Respiration- general idea, reactants, products, organelles involved
What is carbon fixation? When in photosynthesis does carbon fixation occur?
Difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
Cell Cycle: What happens during each of the 3 parts of interphase?
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
Structure of chromosomes
What factors increase genetic diversity?
Mendel’s laws
What is an allele, genotype, phenotype, carrier?
What is amniocentesis and chronic villi sampling used to do?
Define and distinguish between- chromosome, chromatin, DNA, sister chromatids
DNA structure, monomers; difference in structure and function of DNA and RNA
How does DNA replicate itself?
What are the pairing rules (complementary pairs) in DNA?
What is the general flow of genetic information? (central dogma)
Transcription- where does it occur and what is produced?
Translation- where does it occur and what is produced?
Define mutation
How are genes controlled?
Theory of evolution by means of Natural Selection
What is adaptive radiation?
What prevents species from interbreeding?
How do new traits emerge? What causes them?
Be able to “read” a cladogram.