Church Reform and the Crusades
Problems in the Church
Church reformers were most distressed about three main issues:
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
Church reformers believed the church alone could appoint bishops
Reform and Church Organization
Popes enforced laws against simony and the marriage of priests
Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom, with the pope at its head
Church collected taxes (tithes)
The Age of Faith
New Religious Orders
Friars – Church disciples that traveled the land spreading the word of God
_________________________ – Founded the Franciscan order of friars
Cathedrals –_____________________________________
Viewed as the representation of the City of God
A New Style of Church Architecture
Gothic (1100’s) – ________________________________________________________________________ (Design was meant
to inspire worshipers with the magnificence of God)
The Crusades
Age of Faith Inspires Wars of Conquest
In 1093, ________________ issued a call for a “holy war” to recover control of the Holy Land of Jerusalem
Over the next 300 years, a number of Crusades with this goal were launched
Goals of the Crusades
The Crusades had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives
Muslims controlled Palestine and threatened Constantinople
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
-Hoped to win control of key trade routes to Asia from Muslim traders
The Crusades
The First and Second Crusades
Pope Urban’s call for the Crusade received strong support
Those who died on Crusade were assured of a __________________________
Red Cross
1st Crusade-- ___________________________________________
Land was carved up into four federal Crusader states
Each state was ruled by a European noble
2nd Crusade-- ___________________________________________
The Third Crusade
Crusade to _____________________________ from the Muslims
Led by the King of England, _______________________________________
Result-__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Crusading Spirit Dwindles
The Children's Crusade (1212)
Thousands of children under the age of 18 set out to conquer Jerusalem
Most failed to even reach the Holy Land
A Spanish Crusade
In Spain, Muslims (called Moors) controlled most of the country until the 1100’s
The Reconquista – ________________________________________________________________________
Succeeded in 1492
The Inquisition – ________________________________________________________________________
Heretics – People whose beliefs differed from those of the Church
Persons suspected of heresy might be questioned for weeks or even tortured
Suspects that confessed were burned at the stake
The Effects of the Crusades
Expansion of Trade
Trade between Europe and Southwest Asia expanded
Discovery of new goods
Decline of the Papacy
The failure of later Crusades weakened the power of the pope
The Crusades weakened the _______________________, many knights lost lives and fortunes
Increased the power of kings
Legacy of the Crusades
The intolerance and prejudice displayed by Christians in the Holy Land left behind a legacy of
_________________________________________