1. Define biology.
2. What are the goals of science (Why do we study it)?
3. List three safety rules.
4. List and describe the steps of the scientific method.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5. Why would a scientist want to publish their work (after they’ve finished their experimentation
and supported their hypothesis)?
6. When designing a good experiment, how many independent variables do you manipulate at a
time? ___________ Why?
7. Explain how a hypothesis becomes a theory.
8. A scientist wants to know the effects of chlorine on plant growth. She divides her plants into
two groups, group A and group B. Group A receives chlorinated water twice a day, while Group
B receives only plain water twice a day. The height of the plants is measured daily.
a. Which group is the control?
b. What is the dependent variable?
c. What is the independent variable?
d. What is the purpose of group B?
e. What would be three constants in the experiment?
9. Write the basic metric (SI) unit for:
a. length: _________________
b. mass: __________________
c. volume: _________________
d. temperature: _____________
10. Convert 9 cm to km.
11. List the 7 characteristics of life.
12. What is homeostasis?
a. Give one example.
13. Identify the 6 kingdoms.
Kingdom
Cell Structures
Cell walls with
cellulose; some have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of chitin
Cell walls of cellulose;
have chloroplasts
No cell walls or
chloroplasts
Cell walls without
peptidoglycan
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
14. List and define three types of bonds.
15. What is a monomer?
16. List all 5 functions of proteins.
17. What is activation energy?
# of cells
Most unicellular; some
colonial or multicellular
Mode of Nutrition
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Most multicellular; some
unicellular
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Multicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Unicellular
Unicellular
Autotroph
18. In the following equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O identify the products and the reactants.
a. Products=
b. Reactants=
c. In a chemical reaction, the atoms are ____________________, not created or
destroyed.
d. In a chemical reaction, energy can be released as what three things?
19. What two functions (jobs) do catalysts and enzymes serve?
20. What 3 conditions can affect the rate at which enzymes work?
Using the diagram to the right, answer questions 21-24.
21. What temperature range do both the X and Y enzyme
function at?
22. Which enzyme works over a broader temperature range?
23. Which enzyme works best at higher temperatures?
24. Fill out the chart with details about the four carbon
(organic) compounds.
Carbon
Monomer (basic
Function/Job
Compound
unit)
Three Examples
25. Fill in the chart on the properties of water.
Property of
Definition
Example
water
Major concepts that
go with that
property
Cohesion
Adhesion
Universal
Solvent
Polarity
26. What are the three phases of the cell cycle?
27. What is happening in the cell during interphase?
28. List AND describe the four steps of mitosis (think PMAT).
29. Using the pictures of the phases of mitosis, answer the questions below.
a. List the phases of the each picture above. (put each name under each picture)
b. Put them in the correct sequence.
30. What is cancer?
a. What is a tumor?
31. Look at the pictures above. Which one shows cancer cells? ____________
32. What is the function of the cell membrane?
33. In diffusion, molecules naturally move to an area of ______________(high or low)
concentration to an area of _______________ (high or low) concentration.
34. What is osmosis?
35. What is the equation for Photosynthesis?
a. What does a plant need to go through photosynthesis (the reactants)?
b. What does a plant produce after photosynthesis (the products)?
What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
a. What does an animal cell need to go through Cellular
Respiration (the reactants)?
b.What does an animal cell produce after Cellular Respiration (the products)?
36. What are the possible products of Fermentation?
37. What is DNA? ________________________________
a. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
b. Draw and label a picture of DNA.
c. What shape does it look like?
d. What name did Watson and Crick give to this shape?
38. Nucleic acids are made of many repeating subunits called __________________________.
Name all 3 parts of the subunit named above.
i. ______________________________
ii. ______________________________
iii. ______________________________
39. DNA is copied during a process called ____________________________.
a. The strands of DNA that are produced contain 1 _________________ strand and one
_________________ strand.
b. Replicate this strand of DNA: ACTGCCATTGAC
40. A section of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein is called a ______________.
41. Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins for your body’s basic needs. It contains two
steps.
Process
1.
2.
Where this step takes place
Describe what takes place
42. During translation the nitrogenous bases are read ____________ at a time.
a. These subunits are called _________________, which code for a specific
________________ ____________
43. Complete the following charts:
Type of RNA
1.
Function
Characteristic
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribose sugar present
Deoxyribose sugar present
2.
Adenine nucleotide
present
Thymine nucleotide
present
Uracil nucleotide present
Guanine nucleotide
present
3.
Cytosine nucleotide
present
Formed from nucleotides
Double stranded
Single stranded
Remains in the nucleus
Moves out of the nucleus
44. Sometimes there is a mistake in DNA
Contains multiple types
replication or protein synthesis. This can
cause a _____________________.
a. A _______________ ___________________ involves a single nucleotide on the DNA
strand (one letter).
45. Label the types of mutations below. Are they gene mutations or chromosomal mutations?
46. Identify structure F in 12-4 (below). What amino acid does it specify (code for)?
47. Explain the process illustrated in Figure 12-5 (right).
48. Using figure 12-5 (right), describe the relationship between the
codons and anticodons?
49. Using the codon chart, what
codons specify for leucine? List
all of them.
50. What does the term cell
specialization mean?
51. What is the definition of a
microscope?
52. What is a molecule of water made
of?
53. If a cell has 4 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will be in each of the cells
at the end of mitosis.
54. What is a solution?
55. What is the pH scale? What denotes an acid? What denotes a base?
56. Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
57. List all the parts of the cell theory.
58. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
59. Fill in the chart with the following information:
Organelle
Function
found in what type of
cell
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
60. Do molecules ever stop moving?
61. List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex.
62. Why must a cell stay small? What would happen to its resources if it did not stay small?
63. What is contact inhibition and what happens when a cell does this?
64. Be able to identify all the organelles in a cell when given a picture of it.