1
2
3
element
proton
neutron
4
nucleus
5
6
electron
atomic number
7
atomic mass #
8
isotope
9
ion
10
periodic table
11
group
12
period
13
reactive
14
metal
15
nonmetal
16
Metalloid
a substance that cannot be
broken down into a simpler
substance by ordinary
chemical changes. Consists of
atoms of only one type
a positively charged particle
located in an atom's nucleus
a neutral particle located in an
atom's nucleus
the central region of an atom
where most of the atom's mass
is found in protons and
neutrons
a negatively charged particle
located outside an atom's
nucleus about 2000 times
smaller than either a proton or
neutron
the total number of protons in
an atom's nucleus
the total number of protons
and neutrons in an atom's
nucleus
an atom of one element that
has a different number of
neutrons than another atom of
the same element
an atom or group of atoms
that has a positive or negative
electric charge; forms by
atoms gaining or losing
electrons
a table of the elements,
arranged by atomic number,
that shows the patterns in
their properties
a vertical column in the
periodic table of the elements
that have similar properties
a horizontal row in the
periodic table of the elements
that have varying properties
property in which a substance
is likely to undergo a chemical
change
an element that tends to be
shiny, easily shaped, and a
good conductor of electricity
and heat
an element that is not a metal
and has properties generally
opposite to those of a metal
Chemistry Term
an element that has properties
of both metals and nonmetals
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
17
radioactivity
18
half-life
19
Cohesion
20
adhesion
21
surface tension
22
buoyancy
23
density
24
specific heat
25
divide
26
turnover
27
eutrophication
28
aquifer
29
artesian well
30
point-source
pollution
31
nonpoint-source
pollution
32
desalination
the process by which the
nucleus of an atom of an
element releases energy and
particles
the length of time it takes for
the atoms in a sample of a
radioactive element to decay
into atoms of another element
attractive force between water
molecules that allows water to
form drops and remain a liquid
at room temperatures
attractive force between water
molecules and other
substances
the tightness across the
surface of water that is caused
by the polar molecules pulling
on one another
the upward force on an object
produced by the surrounding
fluid
the ratio of the mass of a
substance to the volume of the
substance (mass/volume)
amount of heat energy
required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg of a
substance by 1 degree Celsius
a ridge, or continuous line of
high land, from which water
flows in different
the yearly rising and sinking of
cold and warm water layers in
a lake
an increase in nutrients in a
lake or pond, occurring
naturally or as a result of
pollution, which causes
increased growth of algae and
plants decreasing the amount
of oxygen in the water
an underground layer of
permeable rock that contains
water
a well in which water flows
upward to the surface
naturally because it is under
pressure
pollution that enters water
from a specific source that can
be identified
pollution with a widely spread
source that can't be tied to a
specific point of origin
the process of removing salt
from ocean water
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
33
continental
shelf
34
sonar
35
remote sensing
36
downwelling
37
upwelling
38
estuary
39
benthos
40
nekton
41
turbidity
42
hydrothermal
vent
43
compound
44
chemical
formula
45
ionic bond
46
covalent bond
the flat or gently sloping land
that lies submerged around the
edges of a continent and that
extends from the shoreline out
to the continental slope
a system that uses underwater
sound waves to measure
distance and locate objects
the science of obtaining
information about an object or
physical environment using
data that has been acquired
with a sensor technology
device that is not in contact
with the object or
environment
the movement of water from
the surface to greater depths
carrying oxygen down allowing
animals to live in the deep
ocean
the vertical movement of deep
water up to the surface
bringing up nutrients from the
deep ocean allowing animals to
thrive
a shoreline area where fresh
water from a river mixes with
salt water from the ocean
Organisms that live on or near
the ocean bottom, sometimes
attached to surfaces
free swimming ocean
organisms that can move
independently of currents
a measure of the clarity of
water that depends on the
amount, size and composition
of suspended matter such as
clay, silt, phytoplankton and
other microscopic organisms
an opening in the sea floor
from which heated water rises
and mixes with the ocean
water above
a substance made up of two or
more different types of atoms
bonded together
an expression that shows the
number and types of atoms
joined in a compound
a type of chemical bond with
the electrical attraction
between a negative ion and a
positive ion
a type of chemical bond with a
pair of electrons shared by two
atoms
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
47
molecule
48
chemical
reaction
49
reactant
50
product
51
Precipitate
52
Catalyst
53
Law of
Conservation
of Mass
54
coefficient
55
56
Neritic zone
Benthic zone
57
semiconductor
58
solution
59
60
solute
solvent
61
concentration
a group of atoms that are held
together by covalent bonds so
that they move
the process by which chemical
changes occur and new
substances are formed; atoms
are rearranged - chemical
bonds are broken and formed
a substance that is present at
the beginning of a chemical
reaction, takes part in the
chemical reaction, and is
changed into a new substance
a substance formed by a
chemical reaction; made by
the rearrangement of atoms
and bonds in reactants
Chemistry Term
a solid substance that forms as
a result of a chemical reaction
between chemicals in two
liquids
Chemistry Term
a substance that increases the
rate of a chemical reaction but
is not consumed in the
reaction
a scientific law stating that
during a chemical reaction,
matter is not created nor
destroyed.
the number before a chemical
formula that indicates how
many molecules are involved
in a chemical reaction
The area that slopes down
from the edge of the shoreline
toward the ocean floor
The bottom part of the ocean
floor
a material that can precisely
control the conduction of
electrical signals
a mixture of two or more
substances that is the same
throughout
in a solution, a substance that
is dissolved in a solvent
in a solution, the substance
that dissolves a solute
Chemistry Term
the amount of solute that is
dissolved in a solvent at a
particular temperature
Chemistry Term
62
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Hydrosphere Term
Hydrosphere Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
dilute
a solution having a low
concentration of solute
63
saturated
64
solubility
65
acid
66
67
68
69
base
pH
neutral
a solution containing the
maximum amount of a solute
that can be dissolved in a
solvent at a given temperature
the amount of a solute that
dissolves in a certain amount
of a solvent at a given
temperature to produce a
saturated solution
a substance that can donate a
proton to another substance
that has a ph below 7
a substance that can accept a
proton from another substance
that has a ph above 7
the concentration of hydrogen
ions in a solution
measurement of acidity
describing a solution that is
neither an acid nor a base
substance that has a pH of 7
bacteria
a large group of one-celled
organisms that sometimes
cause disease
70
cell membrane
71
cytoplasm
a thick, gelatin-like material
contained within the cell
membrane where most of the
work of the cell is carried out
eukaryotic cell
a cell in which the genetic
material is enclosed within a
nucleus, surrounded by its own
membrane
nucleus
the structure in a eukaryotic
cell that contains the genetic
material a cell needs to
reproduce and function
72
73
74
organelle
75
the outer boundary of the
cytoplasm; a layer that
controls what enters or leaves
a cell; a protective covering
enclosing an entire cell
prokaryotic
cell
76
cell wall
a structure in a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane and
that performs a particular
function
a cell that lacks a nucleus and
other organelles
a protective outer covering
that lies just outside the cell
membrane of plant cells
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
77
mitochondria
78
chemical energy
79
cellular
respiration
80
Diffusion
81
osmosis
82
mitosis
83
asexual
reproduction
84
microorganism
85
bacteria
Virus
86
87
88
89
pathogen
antibiotic
infectious
disease
vector
90
carrier
91
noninfectious
disease
92
resistance
organelles that release energy
by using oxygen to break down
sugars
the energy stored in the bonds
between atoms of every
molecule
a process in which cells use
oxygen to release energy
stored in sugars such as
glucose
the process by which
molecules spread out, or move
from an area of higher
concentration to an area of
lower concentration
the diffusion of water through
a membrane from an area of
high concentration to an area
of lower concentration
the phase in the cell cycle
during which the nucleus
divides
the process by which a single
organism produces offspring
that have the same genetic
material
a very small organism that can
be seen only with a
microscope EXAMPLE:
bacteria
a large group of one-celled
organisms that sometimes
cause disease
a nonliving, disease-causing
particle that uses the
materials inside cells to
reproduce; consists of genetic
material enclosed in a protein
coat
agents that cause disease
a substance that can destroy
bacteria
diseases that can be spread;
caused by viruses, bacteria and
other pathogens
insects or animals that spread
diseases to humans
people who are infected with a
disease and can infect others
but do not show symptoms of
the disease themselves
diseases that cannot be spread
by pathogens
the ability of an organism to
protect itself from a disease or
the effects of a substance
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Chemistry Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
93
Producer
94
decomposer
95
parasite
96
host cell
97
plankton
98
protozoa
99
geologic time
scale
100
index fossil
101
Law of
Superposition
an organism that captures
energy from sunlight and
transforms it into chemical
energy that is stored in
energy-rich carbon
compounds; a source of food
for other organisms
an organism that feeds on and
breaks down dead plant or
animal matter
an organism that absorbs
nutrients from the body of
another organism, often
harming it in the process
a cell that a virus infects and
uses to make copies of itself
mostly microscopic organisms
that drift in great numbers
through bodies of water
animal-like protists that eat
other organisms or decaying
parts of other organisms
chart organized by scientists
that divides Earth's history
into intervals of time defined
by major events or changes on
Earth
 fossils of species that
existed on Earth only
during specific periods
of time
 were abundant and
widespread
geographically
 used to help determine
the age of rock layers
scientific law that states in
undisturbed sedimentary rock
layers, the oldest rock layers
are on the bottom and the
youngest rock layers are on
the top
102
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Micro/Cell
Biology Term
Earth History
Term

Earth
History
Term
Earth History
Term
Earth History
Term
unconformity
a gap in the sedimentary rock
record that is due to erosion
wearing away rock layers or
periods of time without
deposition of rock layers
103
a drilled tubular sample
of ice that shows the
layers of snow and ice
that have built up over
thousands of years
 layers serve as a vertical
timeline of part of
earth's past
 scientists study gases
trapped in the ice layers
to learn how the
atmosphere has changed
 Earth's lithosphere is
made up of huge plates
that move over the
Earth's surface
 caused by convection
currents in the Earth's
asthenosphere when hot
molten rock constantly
rises, cools, sinks, and is
heated again
a hypothesis proposed by
Alfred Wegener, a German
scientist, stating that Earth's
continents were once joined in
a single landmass called
Pangaea and gradually drifted
apart
 a long line of sea-floor
mountains where new
ocean crust is formed by
volcanic activity along a
divergent boundary
 forms the longest chain
of mountains on Earth

ice core
104
plate tectonics
105
continental
drift
106
mid-ocean ridge
107
spectral
analysis
108
method of charting and
analyzing the chemical
properties of matter by looking
at the bands in their visible
spectrum of light

reflectance
curve

109
ground truthing
the percentage of energy
that is reflected off a
surface and back to a
sensor
different patterns of
reflectance occur at
different wavelengths of
light and radiation
process of gathering
measurements or other data
on the ground to see if the
information provided by
remote sensing is correct

Earth
History
Term

Earth
History
Term
Earth History
Term

Earth
History
Term
Earth History
Term

Earth
History
Term
Earth History
Term
110
remote sensing
111
112
114
115
topographic
map
urban sprawl
permeable
impermeable
116
Subscript
117
Natural
selection
118
Relative age
119
Water table
120
the process of gathering
information about
something without
actually making contact
with the object
 sensing from afar
 computers turn the data
gathered into images
type of map that uses contour
lines to represent the shape
and elevation of the land
the spreading of a city and its
suburbs over rural land
Allows substances to easily
pass through
Does not allow substances to
pass through
The number written slightly
below and to the right of a
chemical symbol that shows
how many atoms of an
element are in a compound
The theory that explains how
populations can eventually
evolve into new species
The age of an object or event
in comparison to another
object or event
The highest part in the ground
that is saturated, or
completely filled with water
Any factor that can change in
a controlled experiment
A standard set up in which to
the experimental results are
compared

Variable
121
Control group

Earth
History
Term
Earth History
Term
Earth History
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Hydrosphere
Term
Chemistry Term
Earth History
Term
Earth History
Term
Hydrosphere
term
Chemistry Term
Chemistry Term