Regional Interactions- Africa African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan west and east Africa. Trade brought important economic, cultural and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. States and Empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana,Mali and Songhai in West Africa, Axum in East Africa and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa Power point created by Julia Marnell Ghana Mali Songhai Axum Zimbabwe Power point created by Julia Marnell East Africa Power point created by Julia Marnell Axum (Aksum) •Located in the Ethiopian Highlands, east of the Nile River and west of the Red Sea. What are Highlands? A hilly or mountainous region. Higher elevation. Power point created by Julia Marnell •Located by the Red Sea = modern day Ethiopia •center of trade for Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India and the Roman Empire •key sea port was called ADULIS •Became a cosmopolitan city http://lionofjudah.spruz.com/user/405824/members/9DAF5B1C-DC29-429C83FC-158BC3EB7969/big_201090406514244.jpg Power point created by Julia Marnell East African Civilizations •Aksum developed into a trading city in 303CE – find it on your map. Is it in East or West Africa? •In what ways will this city be influenced by the Mediterranean region? What is going on there in 300CE? Power point created by Julia Marnell Religion of Axum: Christianity •Axum became Christian because it became a thriving trade city and encountered Christians before Islam developed. •Its earliest King converted to Christianity •In 451 A.D., Ethiopia and Egypt split from the Roman Catholic Church and Axum later became an Orthodox Christian kingdom Power point created by Julia Marnell •Exports: salt, rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold •Roman Merchants regularly came to Aksum for gold •Imports: cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron and copper Power point created by Julia Marnell Zimbabwe •Located between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers near the Indian Ocean coast •City of Great Zimbabwe was the capital of a prosperous empire Power point created by Julia Marnell Power point created by Julia Marnell West African kingdoms •Ghana, Mali, Songhai empires were located near the Niger River, south of the Sahara Desert. •Ghana developed first, then Mali, then Songhai. •Traders crossed the Sahara desert (Trans-Saharan trade) for gold and salt. •Timbuktu was a center of trade and learning (Muslim) •Became Muslim during Mali Empire. Before that, animism was practiced. Power point created by Julia Marnell Salt in the Sahara Power point created by Julia Marnell Ghana Gold! Power point created by Julia Marnell Ghana Gold Power point created by Julia Marnell Mosque in Timbuktu Power point created by Julia Marnell What is Animism? Religion practiced before Islam in much of Africa. Belief that soul or spirit is present in every object, including inanimate objects. Power point created by Julia Marnell