Name: _______________________________________________ Date: __________
Block: _________
Honors Learning Targets and Study Guide
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis (Chapter 12)
Learning Target 1: The Structure and Function of DNA (Bio 5 e, f, g)
o I can describe the contributions of several scientists (discussed in class) and their contribution to our understanding of
the structure and function of DNA.
o I can describe how DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and that each nucleotide is identified by the nitrogenous base it
contains: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
o I can describe the structure of DNA. DNA is a double-stranded molecule. The strands are connected by complementary
nucleotide pairs (A/T and C/G) like rungs on a ladder. That ladder is twisted to form a double helix.
Learning Target 2: How DNA Replicates (Bio 5 e, f, g)
o I can explain why it is necessary for the instructions (DNA) to be duplicated and when during the cell cycle this process
occurs.
o I can describe the process of DNA replication, enzymes involved in the unzipping of the double helix, and those
responsible for the building a new DNA molecule.
Learning Target 3: The Structure and Function of RNA (Bio 5 e, f, g)
o I can describe the purpose of RNA and how it is a single-stranded polymer composed of four types of nucleotides.
o I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA in regards to structure and function.
Learning Target 4: The Process of Protein Synthesis (Bio 5 e, f, g)
o I can explain how information encoded in DNA molecules provides the instructions for assembling protein molecules
through transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein synthesis).
Learning Target 5: The Impact of Mutations on Protein Synthesis
o I can explain how inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter genes and ultimately the production of
proteins.
o I can describe the consequence of adding or deleting entire chromosomes, which can possibly result in a genetic
disorder such as Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
Important Vocabulary in Mastering Learning Targets:
Vocabulary
Nucleotide
Base Pairing
Chromatin
Histones
Definition
Picture or Word
Association
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: __________
DNA Polymerase III
DNA Polymerase I
Helicase
Ligase
Lagging Strand
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Transcription
RNA Polymerase
Codon
Translation
Anticodon
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Chromosome
Mutations
Block: _________
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: __________
Block: _________