Honors Biochemistry Notes
Chapter 2 (Sections 3 and 4)
The Main Elements Found in Macromolecules:
C
H
O
N
P
S
Functional Groups: In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within
molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reaction of those molecules. The same functional
group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.
Alcohol: OH
Carboxylic Acid: COOH
Amine: NH2
Aldehyde: CHO or COH
Two-Dimensional Structural Formulas for Compounds: A structural formula shows you how the
various atoms are bonded. When creating a structural formula for a compound always read the chemical
formula from left to right.
Chemical Formula
C4H9OH
C2H5COOH
NH2CH2COOH
CH3COH
Structural Formula
Proteins
Elements:
Structural
Formula:
Monomer(s):
Chemical
Formula:
Short Hand Drawing:
Function(s):
Dehydration Synthesis:
Enzymes: Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow and therefore are useless or dangerous for living tissue.
How do enzymes do their job?
Exothermic Reactions:
What affects enzyme reaction rate?
Endothermic Reactions:
Lipid
(Fats, Waxes)
Elements:
Monomer(s):
Chemical Formula:
Glycerol: _______________
Fatty Acids: _____________
Structural
Formula:
Short Hand Drawing:
Function(s):
Fun Fact:
Dehydration
Synthesis:
Carbohydrates
Elements:
Monomer(s):
Monosaccharide
Chemical Formula:
(Sugars, Starches)
Structural
Formula:
Function(s):
Dehydration
Synthesis:
Short Hand Drawing:
Nucleic Acids
Elements:
Monomer(s):
(DNA, RNA)
Structural Formula:
Function(s):
Short Hand Drawing:
Overview of the Four Major Macromolecules
Elements
Lipids
page 46
Chemical Properties
Short Hand Drawing
Function(s)
1.
2.
3.
Test to Identify:
4.
_____________
5.
6
Monomer: __________________
Carbohydrates
page 45
Short Hand Drawing
1.
2.
3.
Test to Identify:
_____________
Monomer: ________________
Proteins
page 47
Short Hand Drawing
1.
2.
3.
Test to Identify:
4.
_____________
5.
Nucleic Acid
page 291
Monomer: ________________
6.
Short Hand Drawing
1.
2.
Monomer: ________________