The Reformation in England, and
the Counter-Reformation
Agenda
1. Bell Ringer: Why did Martin Luther want to
break from the Catholic Church?
2. Lecture: Protestant Reformation in England,
Counter-Reformation
3. Comparing the Protestant and Catholic Church
1564.
4. Timeline of the Renaissance and Reformation.
5. Council of Trent: Primary Document Analysis
6. Review and Test.
Bad effects of Reformation
• Protestant beliefs swept
the North.
• Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V went to war
against Protestants in
Germany, succeeded in
defeating them.
• However, couldn’t bring
them back to the church,
Treaty of Augsburg signed
in 1555.
England and the Reformation
• Henry VIII initially
supported the Catholic faith
by defending the church
against Martin Luther.
(1521)
• However, Henry was tired of
the Church running his
country of England.
• The Anglican Church was
born. (1529)
– Six years and a divorce…
• The king was the “only
supreme head on earth” of
the Church of England.
Queen Mary I (1553-1558)
• She changed the religious
doctrine of England.
• “Bloody Mary” as she was
called for attempting to
restart the Catholic faith
through fear.
– Anyone that was labeled a
heretic was burned at the
stake.
• Nearly 280 burned at the
stake.
Elizabeth and the Spanish Armada
• Daughter of Anne Boleyn.
• She reinstated the
Anglican Church, but did
not attempt to kill off the
Catholics. (1559)
• Elizabethan Compromise
laid foundations of the
Anglican Church.
• She would battle against
Philip and the Spanish
Armada in 1588, partly
because of religion.
Catholic Reformation
• The Catholic Church waited
too long to respond to the
Protestant Reformation.
• Much of Northern England
was lost to the Protestants.
• They sought to attain two
goals.
1. Reform the Church
2. Establish countermeasures
against Protestantism.
There was a rigorous campaign
to improve the morals of the
clergy.
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
• Sought to keep a balance
favorable to Rome.
• Reform and reinvigorate
the church.
• Restated beliefs and
corrected abuses.
• Simony = sale of Church
positions. (outlawed)
• Chastity was restored.
• There was no
compromise with Luther
or Calvin.
Ignatius of Loyola
• Spanish nobleman who
founded a new society
based on service to the
pope.
• He became a soldier of
the lord. Founded the
Jesuits.
• They took the monastic
views of chastity,
poverty, and obedience
to the pope.