From Republic to Empire: Rome
Document Based Question
1. Thesis (1)
- Needs to present an argument, something to prove.
2. Documents (1)
- 7 out of 8 used, and interpreted.
3. Documents and Thesis (2)
- 7 out of 8 show relevance to Thesis
4. Groupings (1)
- 3 groupings for Credit
5. Point of View (1)
- Two documents must include POV/Bias
6. Outside Source (1)
Agenda
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Bell Ringer: Is written law necessary? Explain
Finish Hellenism
The Roman Republic and Empire: A Brief Look
Crash Course: Roman Republic
Classic Civilization Map
Document Based Question, question session.
7. HW: Scan Chapter 5, Small comparative essay on
Rome and Han China or Persia next class.
A Republic
• Decline begins through
greed and oppression.
• Gracchi brothers work for
the poor, and the
prosperous Senators kill
them.
• Revolts plague Rome
through 45 BCE
– Spartacus and the slaves
revolt 71 BCE
• Violence Replaces Respect
for law.
– Armies trust Generals more
than government.
Caesar and the end of the Republic
• Julius Caesar takes power,
marching on Rome and
becoming dictator in 46
BCE.
– He increases Senate to 900
members, and reduced their
power.
• Conspiracy forms against his
power
– Assassinated 44 BCE
• Octavian takes over, and
eliminates Antony and
Cleopatra. Sole Emperor of
the Roman Empire.
Roman Empire
• Octavian becomes
Augustus.
• He leads empire into
the Pax Romana, the
Roman Peace.
• Why an empire?
– Now authority to govern
provinces was given to
the emperor.
– Emperor reigns
supreme.
Pax Romana
• Supported beneficial
domestic policies.
• Treated ruling classes with
respect.
• Capable Men chosen to
succeed the prior Emperor.
• Imperial Officials controlled
the government.
• Population rivaling Han
China by 2nd Century CE. (50
million)
Culture and Society
• Rome took ideas from
Greece.
– Columns, Rectangular
forms.
• Excelled in arches and
domed structures.
– Aqueducts, Colesseum
• Realistic Frescoes
adorned walls of
wealthy citizens.
Civil Law
• Twelve Tables created
during the Republic.
– Adapted into a code of Civil
Law.
– Added law of nations to
deal with foreign
conquests.
• Standards of Justice
– Innocent until proven
guilty.
– Allowed a defense
• Universal laws based on
reason.
The Late Empire
• Crisis
– Empire becomes too large
– Military dictators take over,
most of which meet a
violent death.
• Inflation causes monetary
issues.
– Couldn’t pay or enlist more
soldiers, end up hiring
Germans to fight under
Roman Commanders.
Division
• Diocletian
• 284 A.D. – 305 A.D.
• Empire too large for one
person.
• Co-Emperor for
Western half.
• Government controlled
everything.
• Succession Rule.
Constantine and End of Empire