Objectives
 Content: Analyze primary source
accounts of the Homestead Strike.
 Language: Explain the changes
desired by Bryan and T. Roosevelt.
The Progressive Movement
Progressive = Change
- These changes included:
- Breakup of monopolies
- Improvement in Working Conditions
- Limitations on Child Labor
- Rise of Labor Unions
- Temperance Movement
- Women’s Suffrage
Early Attempts at Reform
 Unions
 Workers responded to dangerous
conditions by forming Labor
Unions.
 Business owners saw labor unions
as unfair because they prevent
competition.
 The largest impact was made by
organizing a strike.
Strikes
• Strikes were often violent and deadly and
many people did not support this lawless
disorder.
The Homestead Strike
• In 1892, workers went on
strike at Carnegie’s steel
plant in Homestead, PA.
• The strike occurred
because of increased
hours, decreased wages,
and unsafe conditions.
• Workers barricaded
themselves in front of the
plant.
The Homestead Strike
• Frick (Carnegie’s general manager) tried to
take the plant back by force. Eventually the PA
governor sent in troops.
• Lives were lost on both sides.
• The strike was a failure since the strikers were
immediately replaced by non-union
strikebreakers
•
http://www.history.com/topics/homestead-strike/videos#andrew-carnegie-and-thehomestead-strike
Politics
 William Jennings
Bryan
 Ran for President
three times
 Fought for the
lower classes and
the rights of
laborers/farmers
 Spoke out against
political corruption
Theodore Roosevelt
 Success in Spanish American
War gives him celebrity status
 Vice President and then
President of U.S.
 Believed president was the
“steward of the people,” = he
could not be bought or
manipulated.
Theodore Roosevelt
https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushi
storicalfigures/theodoreroosevelt/
 Anti-trust preventing or
controlling trusts
or other
monopolies, with
the intention of
promoting
competition.
 During the Progressive Era, people began to believe
that it was the government’s job to help solve society’s
problems.
 Many new laws were passed as a result of the
progressive movement including several amendments
to the Constitution.
 Progressive leaders of the time included muckrakers,
elected government officials and very often women.
Progressive Era Amendments

– (1919) Prohibition of
Alcoholic Beverages
th
18
19th - (1920) Women’s
Suffrage (The right to vote)
21st – (1933) Repeal of
Prohibition amendment
18th Amendment
“Prohibition” also known as The
Temperance Movement
http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535
8b20d22b
Prohibited the
production, sale, or
transportation of
alcoholic beverages
in the United States
Carrie Nation and
her “Hatchetations”
Biggest group behind
Temperance
movement was the
Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
(WCTU)
Carrie became the
face (and ammo) of
the movement
Alone or accompanied by hymn-singing women she would march into a
bar, and sing and pray while smashing bar fixtures and stock with a
hatchet. Her actions often did not include other people, just herself.
Between 1900 and 1910, she was arrested some 30 times for
"hatchetations", as she came to call them. Nation paid her jail fines from
lecture-tour fees and sales of souvenir hatchets. In April 1901 Nation
came to Kansas City, Missouri, a city known for its wide opposition to the
temperance movement, and smashed liquor in various bars on 12th
Street in Downtown Kansas City.[15] She was arrested, hauled into court
and fined $500 ($13,400 in 2011 dollars), though the judge suspended
the fine so long as Nation never returned to Kansas City.[17] She would be
arrested over 32 times—one report is that she was placed in the
Washington DC poorhouse for three days for refusing to pay a $35.00
fine[18] One hotel she did not smash was the St James of Minneapolis[19]
st
21
Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
 Prohibition amendment was so
controversial, that it became one of the
central issues of the1932 Presidential
election
 FDR ran and won on a platform which
included an end to Prohibition
During his presidency the 21st
amendment was passed
 http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535a3e0228f
Muckrakers
 In the 1900s, a group of writers began
writing stories that exposed government
corruption and other problems of
American society.
 These writers were known as
muckrakers because they “dug up” the
“dirt” about of American society.
 Many muckraker stories were
printed in magazines and
widely read.
 As the public became
informed of these problems,
they began to demand
REFORM!
 Ex: The Jungle
 Pure Food and Drug Act
(FDA) and the Meat
Inspection Act in 1906
Workplace Reforms
- Reforms were needed because of
these three negative effects of
industrialization:
1. Unsafe working conditions
2. Low wages and long hours
3. Child Labor
Working Conditions
Labor unions were
weak. Workers
worked for long
hours, for low pay, in
dangerous
environments.
Unsafe working conditions
The Triangle shirtwaist factory
fire of 1911
 Locked exits and a faulty fire escape led to the deaths
of 146 women working in the factory
 This was one of the tragic events that led to workplace
reforms
 http://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol2no1/trianglefire.html
Child Labor
 Young children worked for long hours and low pay in dangerous
environments.
 These children received no education
 Lewis Hine used photographs of children working to try to reform
(and end) child labor practices

http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535aa282b4e

http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/

Child labor reading
The Rise of Labor Unions
•Samuel Gompers began the American
Federation of Labor (also called the
AFL)
•It was one of the most powerful Labor
Unions
•The American Federation of Labor
(AFL) had 1.6 million members by
1904.
Progressive movement
workplace reforms
 In the end, the Labor Unions had many
successes
1. Improved safety conditions
2. Reduced work hours
3. Placed restrictions on Child Labor
 Expanded Education – In 1865 most
children attended school for only 4 years,
By 1914 80% of all children (ages 5-17)
were enrolled in school
Women’s
Suffrage
Women gained the
right to vote with
the passage of the
19th amendment to
the Constitution of
the United States
of America.
http://safeshare.tv/
v/ss565496f9ebcf7
Map of Women’s Suffrage Before
1920
Amendment Review
 Ya’ll ready for this?
 What did the 13th amendment do?
 The 14th?
15th amendments
 Granted African-American men the right to vote
 Disappointed many women who thought AfricanAmerican men and women would be enfranchised
together
 African Americans were split over whether men should
get vote before women
Sojourner Truth, 1869
Sojourner Truth, 1864
“There is a great stir about
colored men getting their
rights, but not a word
about the colored women
… And if colored men get
their rights, and not
colored women theirs, you
see the colored men will
be masters over the
women, and it will be just
as bad as it was before.”
•
Famous
Suffragettes
National American Woman
Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
• Big leaders in the women’s
suffrage movement: Susan B.
Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Two strategies:
• Try to win suffrage state by state
• Try to pass a Constitutional
Amendment (but this would
need to be ratified by 36 states –
or three-fourths)
http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56549934e09ad
Anti-suffragists
• Those who
opposed extending
the right to vote to
women were
called antisuffragists.
• Many anti’s were
women.
“O Save Us, Senators, from
Ourselves!”
Beliefs of Anti-Suffragists
• Women were high-strung, irrational,
and emotional
• Women were not smart or educated
enough
• Women should stay at home
• Women were too physically frail; they
would get tired just walking to the
polling station
• Women would become masculine if
they voted
Discrimination against
Native Americans
 Native Americans did not receive any
citizenship rights in the United States
until 1924.
 This means that they were the last group
of people to be given Constitutional
rights!