SOL Review – 2nd Semester Review Guide – Ackerman
Industrial Revolution
1.
His invention of the cotton gin led to the increased demand for slave labor in the American colonies
2.
A type of business characterized by multiple owners who share in the risk and profit.
3.
A new production technique in which workers are responsible for only one part of assembly.
4.
Large buildings that housed the machines necessary to mass-produce goods.
5.
A new method of farming that allowed the soil to regenerate nutrients as different crops were planted every year.
6.
This revolutionary believed that a working-class (proletariat) uprising was unavoidable because of the exploitation of the
lower class.
7.
An economic system that encourages free enterprise, competition, and the accumulation of individual wealth.
8.
This economist believed in the idea of a free, unregulated economy.
9.
An economic system based on silver, in which countries attempt to export more than they import in order to get a favorable
balance of trade.
10. The Industrial Revolution began in this European country.
11. Found most often in capitalism, this expresses a belief that governments should have minimal involvement in a country’s
economy.
12. Invented by James Watt, this machine replaced both animal and human power as a means of production.
13. An association of workers that provided strength in numbers, and enabled them to bargain/negotiate with big corporations.
European Imperialism
14. A belief in the greatness of one’s country or nation, and that its citizens should be loyal to their nation above all else.
15. A belief that Europeans had an obligation to “civilize” areas of the world like Africa, and share their culture and religion
with peoples that had none of either.
16. The primary motivation for European nations to colonize foreign lands.
17. Especially for smaller European countries, this was a secondary motivator to engage in imperialism.
18. Acquired by Great Britain from the Egyptians, this trade route allowed the British to dominate trade in the Middle East.
19. A form of foreign control, when a nation dominates a colony’s economy, but allows them to retain control of their
government.
20. This meeting between 14 European powers resulted in the division of Africa
21. A belief that, over time, the local culture would be absorbed by the colonial power, and the locals would adopt European
ways.
World War I
22. What are the 4 main causes of WWI?
23. Which event sparked the beginning of WWI?
24. Which countries fought on the side of the Triple Alliance?
25. Which countries fought on the side of the Triple Entente?
26. What new weapon was responsible for the catastrophic number of casualties in WWI?
27. What was the name for Woodrow Wilson’s post-war plan?
28. One of Wilson’s 14 points called for the creation of a global organization to resolve disputes between countries. It was
called ______?
29. This agreement between Germany and the Allied powers ended World War I.
30. The majority of combat on the Western front took place in long, man-made ditches called ___________?
31. Combat between the French and Germans typically took place on this front.
32. Combat between the Russians and Germans took place on a second front, known as the ____________.
33. This Russian military tactic enabled the Russians to survive the German invasion, although it came at the cost of many miles
of Russian territory.
34. The sinking of this passenger ship brought the United States into World War I.
35. Civilians in most every country involved in the war were subjected to a system of _________, which meant having only
limited quantities of many goods and products.
36. Participants on both sides made use of ___________, one-sided information designed to promote support for the war effort.
37. By what other name is World War I known?
Russian Revolution
38. This family had ruled Russia since the time of Peter the Great
39. This czar was in power during World War I and was overthrown during the Russian Revolution
40. Czar Nicholas approved the creation of this legislative body in order to appease his critics.
41. Advisor to the czar, this man created division within the Russian court because of his bizarre looks and supposed mystical
abilities.
42. This revolutionary took power after the successful overthrowing of Czar Nicholas
43. After several centuries of being governed by a monarchy, the revolutionaries imposed a ____________ form of government,
which was supposed to grant equality to every person in the empire.
44. This man, whose name meant “man of steel,” followed Lenin as dictator of Russia
World War II
45. Author of Mein Kampf, this Chancellor of Germany and head of the Nazi party eventually became the dictator that would
lead Germany into a second world war.
46. This was the mass-slaughter of Jews and other ethnic groups at the hands of the Nazi party.
47. This event, known as “the night of broken glass,” marked the beginning of the Holocaust in Europe
48. Who were the Allied Powers
49. Who were the Axis Powers
50. This attack on a United States naval base by the Japanese brought the United States into World War II.
51. This was the codename for the Allied invasion of France on June 6 th, 1944
52. This man was the fascist leader of Italy during World War II and fought on the side of Germany until the very end of the
war.
53. President of the United States, this man was responsible for not only bringing the United States out of the Great Depression,
but also successfully lead them throughout the majority of the war.
54. The primary cause of World War II, ___________ was the practice of giving in to an aggressive nation on smaller issues in
the hopes of avoiding a full-blown war.
55. This is the name of the German military strategy in the early days of the war.
56. This man was the Prime Minister of England after Neville Chamberlain
57. The U.S. strategy against the Japanese in the Pacific, known as __________ required the Americans to capture a series of
islands in succession.
58. Dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, this devastating weapon is said to have ended the war.
59. Nazi officers captured after the war were put on trial for genocide. These cases came to be known as the ________.
The Cold War
60. This was the belief that if one country became communist, others around it would eventually “fall” to communism as well.
61. This physical structure, constructed almost over-night, separated East and West Berlin and would become the most symbolic
representation of the Cold War.
62. This phrase, used by Winston Churchill, represented the division of Europe between Communist and Democratic powers.
63. Leader of the USSR both during and after World War II, he was known as the “man of steel.”
64. A 13-day standoff with Communist Cuba and its leader, Fidel Castro; this event brought the world to the brink of a nuclear
war.
65. Short for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, this was an alliance of nations opposed to communism.
66. This organization was created in response to NATO, and was an alliance of Soviet-controlled communist countries.
67. A lessening of tensions between the Soviet Union and United States in the late 1960’s.
68. Laid out in the Truman Doctrine, this policy expressed the United States’ determination to keep communism from spreading
beyond the Soviet Union
69. A war of ideologies rather than physical confrontation.
70. South African policy of legal racial separation, symbolized by the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and Stephen Biko.
71. Fought against British imperialism in India, quite often with the use of “hunger strikes.”
72. A belief that possession of nuclear weapons would actually prevent conflict out of fear of mutual destruction.
73. Formed after WWII, this international organization replaced the League of Nations as the world’s peace-keeping institution.
74. Leader of the communist movement in Vietnam, and enemy of the United States during the Vietnam War
75. Leader of the communist movement in China
76. Its fall would also symbolize the end of the Cold War
77. This was a U.S. plan for the economic support of any European country that was resisting communism
World Religions
78. Monotheism means…
79. A Hindu belief that one’s actions in this life will affect their position in the next life.
80. The primary beliefs of the Islamic faith, which include a statement of faith, almsgiving, daily prayer, fasting during the holy
month and pilgrimage.
81. A Hindu belief that each person is born with a specific duty to fulfill during their lifetime.
82. One of the holy places in the Hindu faith, many believers bathe in its waters in order to purify their body and soul.
83. A belief in many gods is …
84. This religion embraces a belief in the 4 Noble truths and the 8-fold path, both of which encourage believers to move away
from materialism.
85. Followers of this religion share many beliefs with Christians, however they disagree over divinity of Jesus