Name:______________________ Date:_________ Block:__________
Federalism Part 2 Study Guide
THEME: Can you demonstrate knowledge of the American constitutional government at the
state level by describing the structure and powers of the state government (Virginia)?
The ________________________ distributes power among the Legislative, Executive, and
Judicial branches of the state government.
The state Legislative branch is the ________________________, a bicameral legislature
(the House of ________________________ and the Virginia Senate) that meets annually
for a fixed number of days.
The executive power is exercised by the ________________________, who is elected for a
four-year term of office. The governor appoints members of the Cabinet, who oversee specific
functions of government.
The ________________________ and the ________________________ are executive
branch officers who are elected for a four-year term of office.
The Judicial power is exercised by a court system that consists of:
 Virginia ________________________
 ________________________
 Circuit courts
 General District Courts & Juvenile and Domestic Relations Courts
 ________________________
THEME: Can you explain the lawmaking process in Virginia?
The Lawmaking Process in the Virginia General Assembly
Introduce a bill
Work in
committees
Debate the bill
on the floor of
each House
Vote on the bill
in each House
Send the bill to
the Governor
to sign into law
The Governor can then sign the bill into law or ________________________.
Elected officials in the Virginia General Assembly write ________________________ and
take action in response to problems or issues. Individuals and interest groups help shape
legislation.
The primary issues in the legislative process at the state level:

________________________: To promote an informed and engaged citizenry (i.e.,
establish minimum standards for local schools)

Public health: To promote and protect the ________________________ of its citizens
(i.e., fund health benefits)

Environment: To protect ________________________ resources (i.e., improve water
quality in the Chesapeake Bay)

State budget: To approve a biennial (two year) ________________________ prepared
by the governor

Revenue: To levy and collect ________________________
THEME: Can you describe the roles and powers of the Virginia Executive branch and regulatory
boards?
The Governor of Virginia exercises the formal powers granted by the
________________________ Constitution.
In carrying out both the formal and informal powers of the office, the Governor fills several
roles, including:

________________________

Chief Legislator

________________________

Party Chief

Commander-in-Chief

________________________ secretaries and departments, agencies, commissions, and
regulatory boards administer laws, enforce laws, regulate aspects of business and the economy,
and provide ________________________ to the community.
THEME: Can you demonstrate knowledge of the American constitutional government at the local
level by describing the structure and powers of the local government?
The units of local government in Virginia are________________________, towns, and
________________________. Local governments exercise Legislative, Executive, and
Judicial powers.
Counties
Each Virginia county has an elected ________________________, which exercises
legislative powers, enacting ordinances (local laws) and adopting an annual budget.
Each Virginia county and city has an elected or appointed ________________________,
which oversees the operation of the K–12 public schools in the county or city.
In Virginia counties, towns, and cities, a ________________________ may be hired by the
elected legislative branch to oversee the operations of the local government.
Each Virginia incorporated town has an elected ________________________, which
exercises legislative powers, enacting ordinances and adopting an annual budget. A mayor is
elected either by the voters or the town council members.
Each Virginia city has an elected ________________________, which exercises legislative
powers, enacting ordinances and adopting an annual budget. A ________________________ is
elected either by the voters or the city council members.
In every Virginia locality, ________________________ courts resolve judicial disputes.
________________________ of the Circuit Courts, District Courts, Juvenile and Domestic
Relations Courts, and Small Claims Courts hear cases in each locality.
The Virginia Constitution requires that voters in every locality elect a
________________________, a Clerk of the Circuit Court, a Commissioner of Revenue, and a
Treasurer.
Virginia local governments exercise defined and limited powers, including the power to:

________________________ state and local laws

promote public ________________________

protect public ________________________

________________________ children

protect the ________________________

regulate ________________________ use

levy and collect ________________________
THEME: Can you explain the relationship of local government to the state government?
All powers of local governments in Virginia are given to them by the Constitution of Virginia and
acts of the ________________________.
Not all counties and cities are given the same powers. Cities have
________________________ listing their powers.
An elected ________________________is the local legislative body in counties and is
responsible for passing laws (ordinances) for the county. An elected council is the local
legislative body in independent cities and incorporated towns.
________________________ can have the greatest influence on the decisions made by local
government officials.
Virginia Court System
Virginia, like each of the other 49 states, has its own separate court system whose organization
and jurisdiction are derived from Virginia’s ________________________ and state laws.
Virginia Supreme Court : (Justices/No jury, Appellate Jurisdiction, Limited Original
Jurisdiction)
Court of Appeals of Virginia: (Judges/No jury, Appellate Jurisdiction to review decisions of
Circuit Courts)
Circuit Court: (Judge/With or without jury, Original Jurisdiction for felony criminal cases and
for certain civil cases, Appellate jurisdiction from district courts)
General District Court & Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court: (Judge/No jury, Original
jurisdiction for misdemeanors in civil cases generally involving lower dollar amounts and Original
jurisdiction in juvenile and family cases)
Small Claims Court
The Supreme Courts of the United States and Virginia determine the constitutionality of laws
and acts of the executive branch of government. This power is called
“________________________.”
The Constitution of the United States of America is the ________________________ law of
the land.
State laws must conform to the Virginia and United States ________________________.
Criminal vs. Civil Cases
________________________: In a criminal case, a court determines whether a person
accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.
Procedure for Criminal Cases
1) A person accused of a crime may be ________________________ if the police have
probable cause.
2) The accused may be committed to ________________________ or released on bail.
3) The case proceeds to an arraignment where probable cause is reviewed, an attorney may
be appointed for the defendant, and a ________________________ is entered.
4) A court ________________________ is set, and a trial is conducted.
5) A guilty ________________________ may be appealed.
Procedure for Civil Cases
________________________: In a civil case, a court settles a disagreement between two
parties to recover damages or receive compensation.
The ________________________ files a complaint to recover damages or receive
compensation.
Cases can be heard by a judge or a ________________________. Cases can be appealed.
Due Process Protections
________________________: The constitutional protection against unfair governmental
actions and laws
The _______ Amendment prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner
The _______ Amendment prohibits state and local governments from acting in an unfair
manner
The Supreme Court has extended the guarantees of the Bill of Rights, based upon the due
process clause.
U.S. Court System
(U.S. District, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court)