Hw: World War I Reading Packet
“Why Did Your Country Go to
WAR?”
Organizer p. 1
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THE FIRST WORLD
WAR
1914-1918
1917 U.S. Entry
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Complete WHO
Activity #1
slides #1-10
1
Great Britain:
Background: GB is a small country, but at the start of this century she
was the greatest of the world’s great powers. Under Queen Victoria
(1837-1901) Britain had become the richest and most powerful
nation on the earth. She had the richest industries, the most trade,
the largest number of colonies and the biggest navy. Her immediate
rival was Germany.
Ruler: King George V ruled 1910-1936
Character: The man who ruled the greatest country in the world was
shy and quiet. He spend 15 years in the Royal Navy before
becoming King in 1910, aged 45. Unlike his father, he was a
devoted family man. There was nothing very unusual about him
except that, as one historian has pointed out, his trousers were
creased at the sides, not back to front. In comparison with many
rulers of the time, he had little power. He could not make his own
laws, as that was Parliaments’ job.
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2
Germany- A New
Empire
(1870)
Background:
In 1914 Germany was less than 50 years old. Before 1870 there was no such
country, only a collection of small states, each with its own ruler. One of
the states Prussia was bigger than the rest and its ruler wanted to unite all
the states to be more powerful. France and Austria did not want them to
unify so they declared war on Prussia. Both countries lost to Prussia. In
1871 Prussia’s Wilhelm and Prime Minister Bismarck unified the German
Empire. Her immediate rival was France and Great Britain.
Ruler: Kaiser Wilhelm II 1888-1918
Character: Kaiser Wilhelm was King George V’s cousin, but was the exact
opposite in character. He was energetic and had a strong, outgoing
personality. Although, he was born with a withered left arm, he was an
excellent horseman who could also swim, shoot, fence and hunt. Just as
his cousin George spent his youth in the navy, so Wilhelm spent most of his
youth in the army. When he grew up, he loved the army and enjoyed
dressing up in military uniform. He could be very charming and friendly, but
was often impatient and rude. He was very popular with his subjects.
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3
Russia-A
giant
Empire
Background:
Russia is the largest country in the world, but in 1900 she was also one of the
poorest. She was very rich in minerals-oil, coal, iron ore, gold etc-but these
were not much used. She had a huge population, but most people lived in
the western half of the country. Hardly anyone at all lived in Siberia.
Russia had great amounts of land, but much of it was too cold for farming.
She had a long coast line, but most of it was frozen for half the year, making
sea transport impossible. Russia was friendly with France as it had loaned
them money to modernize their military after Germany had said no.
Russia was an empire of many peoples, each speaking a different language.
The Russian Empire was a very weak giant. Her immediate rival AustriaHungary
Ruler: Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
Character: He was a weak man and not very clever. He was a bad judge of
people and was easily influenced by poor advisers. Example: Rasputin,
who helped his son, who was a hemophiliac with hypnotic powers of
healing.
Nicholas’ greatest weakness was trying to rule Russia as an autocrat, meaning
he had complete control of all and would not share his power. This made
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him unpopular with his subjects,
who believed in democracy.
4
Austria-HungaryA patchwork Empire
Background: You can tell from its’ name that Austria-Hungary was actually a
union of two separate countries. Inside each country lived many different
peoples, or nationalities, each with its own language, its own customs and
its own way of life. Like Russia, this made the country very hard to govern,
especially as many of the peoples wanted to be independent of AustriaHungary, so that they could rule themselves their own ways. The
patchwork of peoples was falling apart. Example-Bosnia wants to join with
their independent Serb brothers in the country of Serbia. Immediate rival
Serbia and Russia.
Ruler: Emperor Franz Joseph II 1848-1916
Character: At 84, he was the oldest of all Europe’s rulers. He was a quiet,
serious and religious man, devoted to his work. His long life had been a
sad one: his brother Maximilian, the ruler of Mexico had been killed by
rebels, his son Rudolf had committed suicide and his wife had been stabbed
to death by an assassin. In 1900, he was saddened when his nephew,
Franz Ferdinand married beneath him to a Countess named Sophie Chotek.
Should have married a princess.
Franz Joseph was well liked by his subjects, but his people hated the
officials who ranU.S.
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5
France-A republic: Elected
officials
Background:
Twice the size of Britain and about the same size as Germany. The
land was fertile and her people hard working. She owned many
Colonies, but was weaker than Britain and Germany. The French
people had lost a lot of pride when they lost the Franco-Prussian
war and the new German Empire had taken Alsace and Lorraine a
valuable area rich in minerals. France hated Germany for this.
Immediate rival Germany.
Ruler: President Raymond Poincare (1913-1920)
Character: Clever man, honest, outspoken, sometimes short tempered;
he was also cold and unsympathetic. He was born in Lorraine. The
people of France respected him, but did not like him very much.
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6
Ottoman Empire:
Militaristic
Background:
The Ottoman Empire was a large multinational empire that had involved itself in the affairs of the
European great powers for most of its 600-year history. So it is no surprise that in 1914 it was
drawn into a war involving those great powers. The empire had suffered a long period of economic
and cultural decline, and faced serious internal unrest. Even so, the Ottoman Empire still
controlled all of modern-day Turkey and most of the Middle East, and could still put a million
soldiers into the field.
Ruler: Enver Pasha (1881-1922) Character: Served in the dual capacity of War Minister
and Ottoman Commander-in-Chief during World War One, and was instrumental in
bringing Turkey into the war on the side of the Central Powers. Enver was
commissioned into the Turkish army at a young age. Undergoing part of his training
in Germany he absorbed (and was impressed with) much of its culture, particularly
with regard to military training. He consequently determined upon various means of
improving the efficiency of the Ottoman armed forces along German lines. In 1908
Enver was one of three leaders of the so-called 'Young Turk' movement that rebelled
against Sultan Abdul Hamid and in 1913 the ‘Young Turks” took over the government.
In 1914 Enver as Minister of War conducted secret negotiations with both Germany
and Russia aimed at constructing military alliances with each.
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Serbia: Constitutional
Monarchy
Background:
Serbs settled the Balkan Peninsula and 1166, a Serbian warrior and chief, founded the
first Serbian state. By the 14th century, it became the most powerful state in the
Balkans. After Serbia was defeated in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, it was absorbed
into the Ottoman Empire. Throughout the 19th century its struggle against Ottoman
rule intensified, and in 1878 Serbia gained independence after Russia defeated the
Ottoman Turks in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878. In the Balkan wars (1912–
1913), Serbia and other Balkan states seized hold of more former Ottoman lands on
the peninsula.
Ruler: King Peter I Karadjordjevic (1844-1921)
Character: Born in Belgrade, became Serbia's first constitutional monarch - elected by parliament –
after the 1903 military coup that resulted in the overthrow of the Obrenovic dynasty, returning
from exile to take his place as King. In the intervening years before his appointment as King, Peter
had served with the French during the unsuccessful Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 and, in
1875, joined the Bosnian insurrection against the Ottomans.The first years of King Peter's reign
saw reforms to the constitution, the army and the school system, as well as improvements to the
system of agriculture. With the outbreak of war in Europe only a month away, and with Serbia in
civil turmoil following the successful outcome of the Balkan Wars. In June, 1914 Peter passed
executive control of government to hisU.S.
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(who became Regent) on grounds
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of increasing ill health. .
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United States-Isolationist Empire
Background-Not much interested in Europe. Concerned with our own
back yard.
Ruler: President Woodrow Wilson
Character: Honest, honorable a political science professor. Like
Roosevelt before him, Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the
personal representative of the people. "No one but the President,"
he said, "seems to be expected ... to look out for the general
interests of the country." He developed a program of progressive
reform and asserted international leadership in building a new world
order. In 1917, he proclaimed American entrance into World War I a
crusade to make the world "safe for democracy."
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Study.com
CAUSES OF
History Channel
Historians have four long-term
causes of the First World War
NATIONALISM – a devotion to
the interests and culture of one’s
nation. Pride in your nation.
IMPERIALISM – Economic and
political control over weaker
nations. Take over the world for
raw materials and markets.
MILITARISM – Increased
military spending. Be as strong
as the country you may have to
go to war against.
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ALLIANCE SYSTEM – By 1907
Europe was divided into two
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armed
camps. I got your back.
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NATIONALISM
 Often nationalism led to
competition and conflicts between
nations. It led to alliances as well.
Also, ethnic groups resented being
dominated by others and wanted to
create their own nations. Ex: Bosnia
Russians wanted to protect their
Serb brothers, both Slavic.
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Germany
was allied
with
AustriaHungary
while
Russia,
France
and
Britain
were
partners.
IMPERIALISM
 For many centuries,
European nations built
empires.
 Colonies supplied European
nations with raw materials and
provided markets for
manufactured goods.
 As Germany industrialized it
competed directly with France
and Britain.
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 Major European countries
also competed for land in
and other parts of the
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world. This leads to conflict.
Imperialism…one country takes control of the economic and
political affairs of another country. How does the “Taken Over”
country feel about this?
MILITARISM-Arms Race
 Empires had to be defended and
European nations increased
military spending enormously in
the late 19th and early 20th century.
 By 1890 the strongest nation
militarily in Europe was Germany.
 Germany had a strong army and
built up a navy to challenge
England’s fleet.
 France, Italy, Japan and the
United States quickly joined in the
naval buildup.
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Battleships were being stockpiled by European nations, Japan and America in
the late 19th and early 20th century. Troop strength was added to face a possible
enemy.
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ALLIANCE SYSTEM
 By 1907 there were two
major defense alliances in
Europe:
TRIPLE ENTENTE
 The Triple Entente, later
known as the Allies,
consisted of France, Britain,
and Russia. Later Italy
FRANCE
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BRITAIN
RUSSIA
The Triple Alliance, later
known as the Central
Powers, consisted of
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
and Italy (soon joined by the
Ottoman Empire).
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THE SPARK: AN ASSASSINATION
SAFARI Montage chap 1 Great War, The
Origins of WWI Part 2 clip
Day that shook the world video
 The Balkan region was considered
“the powder keg of Europe” Many
ethnic groups living together.
 Russia wanted access to the
Mediterranean Sea/warm water port.
Austria-Hungary, which had taken
control of Bosnia in 1878, accused
Serbia of trying to get the Bosnians to
revolt and join them.
Finally, in June of 1914, Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian
throne was gunned down by a group of
Bosnian Serb radicals, igniting a crisis.
Show Princip “Day that shook the
World Video”
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Sarajevo in June 1914
CNN Talks
to Princip's Biographer
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Ultimatum to Serbia
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23 July, 1914:
The Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia (Excerpts ONLY)
English Translation
Vienna, July 22, 1914 «The crime investigation undertaken at court in Sarajevo
against Gavrilo Princip and his comrades on account of the assassination
committed on the 28th of June this year, along with the guilt of accomplices,
has up until now led to the following conclusions:
1. The plan of murdering Archduke Franz Ferdinand during his stay in Sarajevo
was concocted in Belgrade by Gavrilo Princip, Nedeljko Cabrinovic, a certain
Milan Ciganovic, and Trifko Grabesch with the assistance of Major Voija
Takosic.
2. The six bombs and four Browning pistols along with ammunition -- used as
tools by the criminals -- were procured and given to Princip, Cabrinovic and
Grabesch in Belgrade by a certain Milan Ciganovic and Major Voija Takosic.
3. The bombs are hand grenades originating from the weapons depot of the
Serbian army in Kragujevatz.
On the occasion of handing over this note, would Your Excellency please also add
orally that -- in the event that no unconditionally positive answer of the Royal
government might be received in the meantime -- after the course of the 48hour deadline referred to in this note, as measured from the day and hour of
your announcing it, you are commissioned to leave the I. and R. Embassy of
Belgrade together with your personnel.
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•
25 July, 1914:
The Serbian Response (Excerpts ONLY)
to the Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum,
English Translation
The French original of this response is also available.
The Royal Government cannot be made responsible for expressions of a private character, as for instance
newspaper articles and the peaceable work of societies, expressions which are of very common
appearance in other countries, and which ordinarily are not under the control of the state. This, all the
less, as the Royal Government has shown great courtesy in the solution of a whole series of questions
which have arisen between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, whereby it has succeeded to solve the greater
number thereof, in favour of the progress of both countries.
The Royal Government was therefore painfully surprised by the assertions that citizens of Serbia had
participated in the preparations of the outrage in Sarajevo. The Government expected to be invited to
cooperate in the investigation of the crime, and it was ready, in order to prove its complete correctness,
to proceed against all persons in regard to whom it would receive information.
6. The Royal Government considers it its duty as a matter of course to begin an investigation against all those
persons who have participated in the outrage of June 28th and who are in its territory. As far as the
cooperation in this investigation of specially delegated officials of the I. and R. Government is concerned,
this cannot be accepted, as this is a violation of the constitution and of criminal procedure. Yet in some
cases the result of the investigation might be communicated to the Austro-Hungarian officials.
The Royal Serbian Government believes it to be to the common interest not to rush the solution of this affair
and it is therefore, in case the I. and R. Government should not consider itself satisfied with this answer,
ready, as ever, to accept a peaceable solution, be it by referring the decision of this question to the
International Court at The Hague or by leaving it to the decision of the Great Powers who have
participated in the working out of the declaration given by the Serbian Government on March 18/31st,
1909.
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•Complete WHO
Activities
# 2, 3, 4 (HW)
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Complete Who
Activity # 4
•
•
•
•
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John Review: Green
WWI Causes
John Green WWI
Causes stop at 10.15
min.
Causes Summary VD
stop at 2 min
study.com
THE FIGHTING BEGINS
Outbreak clip
 The Alliance system pulled one
nation after another into the conflict.
Domino Effect – The Great War had
begun.
 On August 3, 1914, Germany
invaded Belgium, following a
strategy known as the Schlieffen
Plan (Swinging Hammer).
 This plan called for a quick strike
through Belgium to Paris, France.
Next, Germany would attack
Russia.
 The plan was designed to prevent
a two-front war for Germany .
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The Schlieffen Plan
Trench Warfare
Christmas in the Trenches
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWF2JBb1bvM
History Channel Trench Summary
• Belief that modern industrial
war could not be conducted for
more than a few months.
• “Fatal attraction of war”
– Exhilarating release from
every day life
– A glorious adventure
– War would rid the nations
of selfishness
– Sparked a national re-birth
based on heroism
• “Home by Christmas”
• WWI Footage clip shows
stages of emotion
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THE WAR BECOMES A STALEMATE
 Unable to save Belgium, the Allies retreated to
the Marne River in France where they halted the
German advance in September of 1914
Casualties at the 1st battle of the Marne were
heavy. The French incurred 250,000 losses, but
Stopped the advance of the Germans led to a
stalemate.
 Both sides dug in for a long siege
 By the spring of 1915, two parallel systems of
deep trenches crossed France from Belgium to
Switzerland
Western Front
 There were 3 types of trenches;
support, and reserve
front line,
 Between enemy trenches was “no man’s land” –
an area with shell craters and filled with barbed
wire Clip #1
Clip #2
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soldiers standing in mud
Documentary Show 12 min
Trenches
dug
from English
Channel to
Switzerland
6,250
6
miles
to 8 feet deep
Stalemated
both sides for 4
German Soldiersyears
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The conditions in these trenches were horrific; aside from
the fear of bombardment, soldiers also had to contend with
the mud, flooding and disease
with living in
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such a harsh environment.
NO
Man’s
Land
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FIRST BATTLE OF THE SOMME
Video Clip
 During the First Battle of the
Somme - which began July 1, 1916
and lasted until mid-November –
the British suffered 60,000
casualties the first day
 Final casualties for the First
Battle of the Somme totaled 1.2
million, yet only 7 miles of ground
was gained
 This bloody trench warfare, in
which armies fought for mere
Gas attacks were common
yards of ground, lasted for three
features of trench life and often
years Clip MUST stop at 3:00
caused blindness and lung
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minutes
can show more 3:50 to
disease
7:00 if wish
The Eastern Front
• Russian army moved into
Eastern Germany on August
30, 1914
– Defeated
• The Austrians kicked out of
Serbia
• Italians attacked Austria in
1915
• Germany came to Austrian
aid and pushed Russians
back 300 miles into own
territory
• Much more mobile more than
the West
– But loss of life still
very high
– 1915: 2.5 million
Russians killed,
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NEW WEAPONS USED
SAFARI Montage chap 2 Great War, The
WWI Battlefield in color clip
 Machine Guns – Guns could now fire 600 rounds per minute
 The Tank – New steel tanks ran on caterpillar treads
Flame Throwers
 Airplanes – Early dogfights resembled duals, however by 1918 the
British had a fleet of planes that could deliver bomb loads
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 U.S
Poison
Gas – mustard gas U.S.
was
used
Poison Gas
All Quiet Clip
• Germans used Chlorine
gas 1915 Gas Attack
show 1 minute
• Phosgene: an improved
lung gas
• Mustard gas: no smell
and its effect were not
noticed for 12hours
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Animals were also
susceptible to gas
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A dog’s
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Tanks Clip show 2 minutes
Tank limitations:
• four mph
• forward fire
• primitive
Battle of Amien
1918, allied
commanders had
342 tanks available
the first day
145 on the second
85 on the third
38 on the fourth
6 on the fifth day!
Tank
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Submarines or U-boats and the
Dreadnought
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The changes of war-Airplanes
snoopy clip
• Airplanes
– Dog fights in the air
– Bombing inaccurate
– Romanticized the
battlefields
– Paris and London bombed
– Pilots fired pistols and
threw hand grenades
• Fragile w/limited speed
• Limited to:
1. surveillance: observation
2. “dog fighting” – personal
combat (public loved this.)
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Complete WHO
Activities #5, 6
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Your Cause HW
AMERICANS QUESTION NEUTRALITY
SAFARI Montage chap 3 Great War, The
 In 1914, most Americans saw no
reason to join a struggle 3,000 miles
away – they wanted neutrality
 Some simply did not want their
sons to experience the horror of
warfare
 German-Americans (and some
Irish-Americans) supported Germany
in World War I
 However, many Americans felt
close to the British because of a
shared ancestry and language
 Most importantly, American
economic interests were far stronger
with the Allies
French propaganda poster portrayed
the Germans as inhuman and impacted
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American
THE WAR HITS  During the first two years of the
war, America was providing
HOME
(selling) the allied forces dynamite,
cannon powder, submarines,
copper wire and tubing and other
war material.
Cash and Carry
 Both the Germans and British
imposed naval blockades on each
other.
German U-boat 1919
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 The Germans used U-boats
(submarines) to prevent shipments
to the North Atlantic
 Any ship found in the waters
around Britain would be sunk
Early War Clip
Unrestricted Sub Warfare.
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THE LUSITANIA DISASTER
History Channel
CBS NEWS
 United States involvement in
World War I was hurried up by the
Lusitania disaster
 The Lusitania was a British
passenger liner that carried 1,198
persons on a fateful trip on May 7,
1915
 A German U-boat sank the British
passenger liner killing all aboard
including 128 American tourists. No
warning.
 The Germans claimed the ship
was carrying Allied ammunition. It
was! 4,200 cases of guns.
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May 7, 1915
 Americans were outraged and
public opinion turned against
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and the Central Powers
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The N.Y. Times reports on the Lusitania
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1916 ELECTION
Wilson Video Clip CBS News
study.com
 The November 1916 election
pitted incumbent Democrat
Woodrow Wilson vs.
Republican candidate Supreme
Court justice Charles Evans
Hughes
 Wilson won a close election
using the slogan, “He kept us
out of war” STAY NEUTRAL
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 That slogan would prove
ironic because within a few
months the United States
would be embroiled in World
Wilson
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Sussex Pledge: Last warning
from America to Germany
•
19 April, 1916
Wilson on the Sussex Case
• United States, 64th Cong., 1st Sess., House Document 1034.
President Wilson's remarks before Congress concerning the
German attack on the unarmed Channel steamer Sussex on March
24, 1916.
– that unless the Imperial German Government should now
immediately declare and effect an abandonment of its present
methods of warfare against passenger and freight carrying
vessels this Government can have no choice but to sever
diplomatic relations with the Government of the German Empire
altogether.
• We owe it to a due regard to our own rights as a nation, to our sense
of duty as a representative of the rights of neutrals the world over,
and to a just conception of the rights of mankind to take this stand
now with the utmost solemnity and firmness....
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AMERICA EDGES CLOSER TO
WAR
Several factors came together to
bring the U.S. into the war;
1) Germany ignored Wilson’s
plea for peace
2) The Zimmerman Note, a
telegram from the German
foreign minister to the German
Ambassador in Mexico, proposed
an alliance
 Germany promised Mexico a
return of their “lost territory” in
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
(Zimmerman note)
3) Next came the sinking of four
unarmed U.S. merchant ships by
Encoded
message from Germany
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German subs
to Mexico
Threatens
our sense
of
nationalism
Zimmerman
note
intercepted
by a British
agent and
decoded
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AMERICA
DECLARES WAR
SAFARI Montage chap. 4 Great War, The
John Green WWI
 A light drizzle fell on Washington
on April 2, 1917, as senators,
representatives, ambassadors,
members of the Supreme Court, and
other guests crowded into the
Capital building to hear Wilson
deliver his declaration of war
 Wilson said, “The world must be
safe for democracy”
 Congress passed the resolution a
few days later
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Over There BVD guide p. 2
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Notes
AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE
BALANCE study.com
 America was not ready for
war – only 200,000 men were
in service when war was
declared
 Congress passed the
Selective Service Act in May
of 1917 Draft
 By the end of 1918, 24
million had signed up and
almost 3 million were called
to duty
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FRESH U.S. SOLDIERS JOIN
FIGHT SAFARI Montage chap 5 Great War, The
 After 2 ½ years of fighting,
the Allied forces were
exhausted
 One of the main
contributions of the Americans
was fresh and enthusiastic
troops
 American infantry were
nicknamed “doughboys”
because of their white belts
 Most doughboys had never
ventured far from the farms or
small towns they lived in
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AMERICAN TROOPS GO ON
THE OFFENSIVE
SAFARI Montage chap. 10 Great War, The
 When Russia surrendered to
the Germans in 1917, it allowed
the Central Powers to focus on
the Western Front. Lucky U.S. had
joined. Russia now communist!
 By May, the Germans were
within 50 miles of Paris
 The Americans arrived and
Men of the 42nd Division during the
immediately played a major role in
Second Marne. These men were
pushing the Germans back
killed by artillery fire just 5 minutes
In July and August the Americans
after this photo was taken
helped the Allies win the Second
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Battle of the Marne
GERMANY
GERMANY
COLLAPSES,
COLLAPSES;
WAR
ENDS THE
GREAT WAR
ENDS
 On November 3, 1918,
Complete
WHO
Activities #6
US Spark HW
Germany’s partner, AustriaHungary, surrendered to the
Allies
 That same day, German sailors
mutinied against their
government
 Other revolts followed, and
Germany was too exhausted to
continue
U.S II 4b
War ends 11/11/18
 So at the eleventh hour, on the
eleventh day, of the eleventh
month of 1918, Germany signed
af,truce
(armistice) ending the
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h, i
Great War Freedom a History of US Chap 2f
WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACE
SAFARI Montage chap 11 Great War, The
 Despite the hero’s welcome he
received in Europe, Wilson’s plan for
peace would be rejected by the Allies
 Wilson’s plan was called the
“Fourteen points”
 Included in his “points” were:
 No secret treaties
 Freedom of the Seas
 More free trade
 Reduction of arms
 Less colonialism
 League
U.S II 4b of Nations pt 14 keep peace
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“Baby” to United Nation’s “Adult”
Wilson’s 14
points in
his own
short hand
Ed Helper T of V
U.S II 4b
Treaty of Versailles clip
ALLIES REJECT WILSONS
PLAN, SIGN TREATY study.com
 The Big Four leaders, Wilson
(U.S.), Clemenceau (France),
Lloyd George (England), and
Orlando (Italy), worked out the
Treaty’s details
 Wilson gave in on most of his
14 points in return for the
creation of the League of Nations
 On June 28, 1919, the Big Four
and the leaders of the defeated
nations gathered in the Hall of
Mirrors at Versailles and signed
the Treaty of Versailles
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Hall of Mirrors
What was the League of Nations?
• International
group formed
after
World War I
to settle
disputes
or
disagreements
peacefully
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But…The United States decided NOT to
join the League of Nations…
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because…
The U.S.
Senate
rejected the
Treaty of
Versailles
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WHY?
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The United
States thought
the nation
should return to
a policy of
“isolation” or
remaining
separate from
other countries
and so…
Never joined the
League of
Nations
What are the 2 different opinions about
the League of Nations?
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What does this
mean?
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TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty created nine new
nations including; Poland,
Czechoslovakia, and
Yugoslavia
 The Treaty broke up the
Austro-Hungarian Empire and
the Ottoman Empire empires
Created Mandates:
Babysitting Land
 The Treaty said Germany
could not have an army, made
them give Alsace-Lorraine
back to France, and forced
them to pay $33 billion in
reparations (war damages) to
The Big Four met at Versailles
U.SAllies
II 4b
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the
Map
Review
clip
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U.S II 4b
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Map 1914
and 1918
have
students
draw and
view
differences
p. 3, 4
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How is this map different from a map before WWI?
p. 3, 4 Notes
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THE WEAKNESS OF THE
TREATY
The harsh treatment of
Germany prevented the
Treaty from creating a
lasting peace in Europe
 The Treaty humiliated
the Germans by forcing
them to admit sole
responsibility for the war
(War-Guilt Clause)
 Furthermore, Germany
would never be able to pay
Germans felt the Versailles
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$33 billion in reparations
Treaty was unfair
THE LEGACY OF WWI
SAFARI Montage chap 14 Great War, The
WWI A war to end all wars clip
 At home, the war strengthened
both the military and the power of the
government
 The propaganda campaign
provoked powerful fears in society
 For many countries the war
created political instability and
violence that lasted for years
 Russia established the first
Communist state during the war
WWI 1914-1918
 Americans called World War I,
“The War to end all Wars” --however unresolved issues would
eventually drag the U.S. into an even
deadlier conflict
22U.S
million
II 4b dead, more than half civilians.
U.S. II 5c; 1 a, f, h, i
An additional 20 million wounded.
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So what?
What is important to understand about this?
Summary Price of Freedom DVD
clip
or
ZVideo Guide for Atlas
History of World War I
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The United States
wanted to remain
neutral in
WWI
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But…
• Cultural ties to
the Allies
• The desire to
make money
through trade
• The use of
German
submarine
warfare…
…brought the U.S.
into the war
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THE WAR AT HOME
Performed a Production Miracle
SAFARI Montage chap 6 Great War, The
 The entire U.S. economy was
focused on the war effort
 The shift from a consumer
economy to war economy
required business and
government working together
 In the process, the power of
the U.S. government expanded
 Congress gave President
Wilson direct control over the
economy
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PROPAGANDA
SAFARI Montage chap 9 Great War, The
 To popularize the war, the
government set up the
nations first propaganda
agency called the
Committee on Public
Information (CPI)
 George Creel led the
agency and persuaded
many of the nation’s artists
to create thousands of
paintings, posters, cartoons
and sculptures to promote
the
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4b
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If time
Propaganda
Pwrpt
SELLING THE
WAR
 The U.S. had two major
tasks; raising money and
convincing the public to
support the war
 The U.S. spent $35.5
billion on the war effort
 The government raised
about 1/3 of that through an
income tax and “sin” taxes
 The rest was raised
through war bonds sold to
the public (Liberty Loans &
Victory Loans)
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VICTORY
GARDENS
 To conserve food, Wilson set
up the Food Administration
(FA) it declared one day a week
“meatless” another
“sweetless” and two days
“wheatless”
 Homeowners planted
“victory gardens” in their
yards
 Schoolchildren worked afterschool growing tomatoes and
cucumbers in public parks
 Farmers increased
production by almost 30% by
adding 40 million acres of
farmland
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SOCIAL CHANGE DURING
THE WAR
SAFARI Montage chap 7 Great War, The
 The greatest effect of the First
World War on the African
American population was that it
sped up the Great Migration
 The Great Migration was when
hundreds of thousands of blacks
from the south moved to
Northern cities
This African American family
settled in Chicago
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 They left to escape
discrimination and to seek
greater job opportunities
 Popular destinations included
Chicago, New York and
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f, h, i
Philadelphia
WOMEN IN THE WAR
SAFARI Montage chap 8 Great War, The
 Many women were called upon
to take on jobs previously held
by men who were serving in the
war
 They became railroad workers,
cooks, dockworkers, factory
workers, and miners
 Many women served as
volunteers in organizations such
as the Red Cross
 Their service helped the
passage of the 19th Amendment
in 1920 giving women the right
to vote
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THE FLU EPIDEMIC
History Channel clip
 In the fall of 1918, the United States
suffered a home-front crises when a
flu epidemic affected 25% of the
population
 Mines shut down, telephone service
was cut in half, factory work was
delayed
 Cities ran short on coffins while
corpses lay unburied for as long as a
week
Seattle, like many other places,
became a masked city. All police wore
them, as shown in this photo from
"The Great Influenza"
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 The epidemic killed as many as
500,000 in the U.S. before it
disappeared in 1919
 Worldwide the epidemic killed 30
million people
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Discussion Questions
U.S II 4b
1. What were the
reasons for the U.S.
becoming involved in
WWI?
2. Who were the Allies?
3. Who were the Central
Powers?
4. In what ways did the
U.S. provide
leadership at the
conclusion of the
U.S. II 5c; 1 a, f, h, i
war?
1. A major reason the United States
entered World War I was
a. The attack on Pearl Harbor
b. The invasion of Poland
c. German submarine warfare
d. The explosion of the U.S. Maine
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7. A note, proposing an alliance
between Germany and Mexico
that really angered Americans
was the…
a. Treaty of Versailles
b. Fourteen Points
c. Zimmermann Telegram
d. Mexican Agreement
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8. President Wilson hoped the
League of Nations would…
a. Allow nations to solve their conflicts
without going to war
b. Reduce tariffs in the world
c. Make a peace treaty to end the war
d. Help the U.S. avoid foreign problems
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