Bellringer:
Pick up the papers on the desk by the
door.
 Take out your vocab and start reviewing

Agenda: 9-23-2015
1. Bellringer: Renaissance Art
Wrap-Up
 2. Vocab Review
 3. Vocab Quiz: Renaissance and
Reformation
 4. Reformation Map Activity
 5. Notes: The Reformation

NOTES: The Causes of and the
Beginning of the Reformation
WHII.3a, 3b, 3c
The Roman
Catholic church had
little competition in
religious thought
and action.
Then…
People questioned
corrupt practices
and called for
change…
Then…
Catholic Church 1500c.
The Protestant
Reformation
began…
What does Protestant Reformation
mean?

Protestant
◦ Derived from “protest”???
 A protest is an expression of objection, by words
or by actions, to particular events, policies or
situations.
 Protests can take many different forms
 Individual statements
 Mass demonstrations.
 A way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt
to influence public opinion
What does Protestant Reformation
mean?

Reformation
◦ To “Reform”???
 Reform means the improvement or amendment of
what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc
◦ Reformations = would be a challenge to the
established Christian church in Western
Europe.
Why Now?

1. Renaissance
◦ Led to people reading work from before
Christ was born
◦ Mostly Ancient Greek and Roman works
Why Now?

2. Rise of Humanism
◦ Belief that humans could control their own
destiny
◦ Becoming educated could change your
success
Why Now?

3. Power hungry kings challenged the
Pope’s authority
◦ King Philip IV (France) kidnapped Pope
Boniface and told clergy to ignore the
payment of taxes
Why Now?

4. Movement of the Pope
◦ The Pope moved to France and years later a
second Pope began ruling in Rome
◦ Both claimed to be the supreme spiritual
authority
◦ The Catholic Church was split on who to
follow

The Great Schism
Why Now?

5. Not a new idea
◦ John Wycliffe (1320–84)
◦ Jan Huss (c.1369–1415)
◦ Reformation happens in the 16th century, but
the foundations for the Reformation have
been laid for some time already
So what was the Reformation all about?
COMPLAINTS ABOUT
THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH
VIDEO ABOUT ISSUES
LEADING TO
REFORMATION
1. Abuses in the Church

Clergy was poorly trained and often illiterate

Higher ranking clergy were more interested
in materialism (lifestyle)

Popes needed lots of money to pay for
lifestyle, wars, and beautiful cathedrals

Often clergy bought their positions-simony
2. Merchants and the Church

Trade
◦ merchants needed to borrow money to pay for
ships and trading goods

Merchants resented the fact that they could
only borrow money from the Church at a
high interest rate (usury)

Some set up banks to lend money - Medici's
3. Italian Domination of Church

Italians filled many high positions in the
Catholic Church-bishops, archbishops,
popes

Most money went to high clergy positions
or to Rome (Italians)

German princes and English royalty disliked
Italian domination of the Church
4. Church’s Political Power

Catholic church owned HUGE amounts of
land throughout Europe--probably more than
30%

They paid no taxes on this land

The pope ruled as a political leader-he ruled a
large part of Italy-the Papal States.
5. Indulgences

Catholics believe in Purgatory-a place between
heaven and hell where a soul stays until the
person has done penance for any sins

Indulgences were sold by the Church as a
penance for sins

The pope needed money to build St. Peter’s
Basilica in Rome

He sent Johan Tetzel to Germany to sell
indulgences
5. Indulgences

To sell more indulgences, Tetzel claimed they
could get a dead person’s soul out of
Purgatory

“The moment a coin in the coffer rings, a
soul to heaven springs”

Many were outraged by Tetzel’s selling
technique, including Martin Luther
Martin Luther
Intro to Luther video

Monk who began to doubt his faith

Realized that some of the Catholic
beliefs were not stated in the Bible

1517, Wrote the
95 Theses after
he heard of Tetzel

95 Theses
criticized the sale
of indulgences
Discussion:
Who
would this make
angry?
Beliefs of Martin Luther
1.
Faith in God gets
people to heaven - not
doing good works as the
Catholic Church says.
◦This is also referred to as
salvation by faith alone
or justification by faith
Beliefs of Martin Luther
 2. The
Bible is
the ultimate
authority for
Christians,
not the Pope
Discussion:
Why
would this upset
loyal Catholics?
Beliefs of Martin Luther
3.
All humans are equal
before God.
Important Events in Luther’s Life
 1517
- Luther nails 95 Theses on
Wittenberg church’s door.
 Sales
of indulgences decline;
Luther publishes hundreds of
essays/pamplets advocating
justification by faith.
Important Events in Luther’s Life
 Luther’s
ideas spread to princes
in German city-states.
 Luther’s
followers form 1st
Protestant Christian group:
LUTHERAN CHURCH.
Discussion:
 Why
were they called
Protestants?
 Because
they protested
against the Catholic
Church.
Luther at Worms (movie clip)
Wrap up video
•
He was called to meet with Catholic officials
(Diet of Worms)
•
While at the meeting, he refused to recant what
he stated in pamphlets & 95 Theses
•
He was found guilty of
heresy (beliefs against
the Catholic Church)
and fled
•
Luther went into hiding
& translated New
Testament into German.
Bellringer: 9/25/2015


Pick up papers on desk by the door.
On notebook paper, determine what person or term is being
described:
___________________________________________________________________
1. He kidnapped the pope and told the clergy to ignore tax payments.
2. Term for the division of spiritual authority between the French pope and an Italian pope.
3. A pardon for one’s sins from purgatory
4. He became the leader of the Reformation.
5. These statements criticized clergymen for selling indulgences.
6. This person, according to Martin Luther, was no the one to judge matters
7. Martin Luther said that it was the only guide that Christians needed.
8. Locations where the two popes were located
9. Place between heaven and hell that Catholics believed in
Agenda: 9/25/2015





1. Bellringer
2. Finish Reformation Causes/Beginning
Notes (Block 1 only)
3. Notes: The Reformation Continues/Ends
4. Understanding Protestant Sects
5. Reformation Review Worksheet
Table of Contents Update
21: Notes: The Reformation Continues/Ends
 22: Breaking Down Protestantism Chart
 23: Reformation Cause and Effect

HOMEWORK:
Finish Reformation Cause and Effect WS
 Test on Renaissance and Reformation on
Thursday NEXT WEEK (10/1)

NOTES: The Reformation
Continues
WHII.3a, 3b, 3c
And so the
Protestant
Reformation was in
full force…..
Martin Luther’s tombstone in the Castle Church in Wittenberg
Photo by Paul T. McCain
So what next???
Luther refused to take back what he said:
“I am bound by the scriptures I
have quoted and my conscience is
captive to the Word of God. I cannot and
will not retract anything, since it is
neither safe nor right to go against
conscience.”
Was Luther Alone?

HECK NO!!!!

Besides Wycliffe and Hus who came
before Luther, many followed
 Swiss
Pastor and
Humanist
 Service
held in
undecorated buildings
and based on the Bible
 Believed
priests were
permitted to marry
 He
was a Protestant
 Frenchman
 Moved
to Switzerland
because they were
more tolerant of
Protestant faiths
Video on Calvinism
Calvinist Beliefs
 PREDESTINATION:
◦ Definition-God has
decided who will gain
salvation
 Strong work ethic
 Disciplined
 Thrifty
 Honest
 Moral

Evolved into other
religions:
◦ Presbyterians
(Scotland)
◦ Huguenots (France)
◦ Puritans and Pilgrims
(England)
What’s going on around the continent????
GERMANY
WHAT HAPPENED THERE?
Luther’s Ideas Spread

Princes converted to Protestantism
◦ About ½ of the Holy Roman Empire’s Princes became
Lutheran

Charles V
◦ Controlled so much land he was virtually absent which
allowed the Protestant Reformation to spread so
quickly
◦ (Holy Roman Emperor) declares war on the princes
◦ Hopes to force princes to rejoin the Catholic Church
◦ Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted
in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).
Crash Course start at 7:09
Luther’s Ideas Spread

Peace of Augsburg (1555)
◦ Charles agrees to let each prince decide the
religion of their own territory
Charles V dies, Ferdinand II becomes King and
Protestant nobles revolt against the Catholic
Hapsburg ruler
 Germany was left in economic ruin, with the
land devastated, commerce wrecked, and
thousands of people slaughtered

So what do they decide?

Northern Germany
◦ Lutheran

Southern Germany
◦ Catholic
What’s going on around the continent????
FRANCE
WHAT HAPPENED THERE?
France

Catholic monarchy granted Protestant
Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict
of Nantes (later revoked).

Protestant Huguenots = French Calvinists

Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the
Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a
political conflict.
Jump on a boat and head across the channel to….
ENGLAND
WHAT HAPPENED THERE?
Henry VIII was the King of
England
 His wife (Catherine of
Aragon) had one daughter.
Henry VIII wanted a son.
 Catherine never had a son,
so Henry wanted a divorce
because he thought his
marriage was cursed.

Henry asked the Pope for an annulment
 The Pope denied his request
 He had Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy
which made him the head of the Church of
England/Anglican Church
 The Church of England kept most of the same
rituals as the Catholic church
 He seized the lands from the Catholic Church
in England
 He finally had a son and heir with his 3rd wife

King Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was wedded.
One died, one survived, two divorced, two
beheaded.
Catherine of
Aragon
(annulled;
dies while
detained)
Anne of
Cleves
(annulled)
Anne
Boleyn
(executed)
Jane
Seymour
(died days
after giving
birth)
Catherine
Howard
(executed)
Catherine
Parr
(survived)
In between…
Henry VIII dies
 9 year old Edward VI becomes king

◦ Dies in his teens

Mary Tudor (daughter of Henry & Catherine)
becomes Queen
◦ Brings back Catholicism
◦ 100’s of Protestants burned at the stake
◦ Dies in 1558

Elizabeth becomes Queen
Elizabeth I

Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn

Learned from her fathers mistakes (she never
married)

Accomplishments
◦ Trade and discovery and strength
 defeat the Spanish Armada (1588)
 Expansion and Colonialism

Increased religious tolerance
Elizabeth I video
So the Catholics just sit there and
watch all this happen.
NOT……
 The COUNTER REFORMATION
happens instead. The Counter
Reformation was the Catholic Church’s
response to the Protestant Reformation
and its critiques of the Catholic faith.

The Counter Reformation

The Council of Trent (1545)
◦ reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices
◦ Educated clergy and ousted corrupt clergy
The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded
to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.
 The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic
doctrine

◦ Church court – to try heretics
◦ Index of Forbidden Books
Widespread Persecution

Witch Hunts
◦ 10,000+ died
◦ Usually women

Persecution of Jews
◦ By both Catholics and
Protestants
Changing Cultural Values, Traditions,
and Philosophies

Growth of
Individualism

Growth of Religious
Tolerance
(eventually)

Growth of
Secularism
Wrap up video
HOMEWORK:
Finish Reformation Cause and Effect WS
 Test on Renaissance and Reformation on
Thursday NEXT WEEK (10/1)
