Name: _________________________________________________________________
WHI – Test Study Guide - Byzantine Empire, Islam, Comparative Religions
1. What language was spoken in Byzantium?
Greek
2. Byzantine culture was a continuation of what other culture/traditions? Greco-Roman
3. List major characteristics of the Eastern Orthodox Church:
Priests could marry, divorce permitted, no icons
4. List major characteristics of the Roman Catholic Church:
Priests could not marry, divorce not allowed, icons accepted
5. Why was there a division in the Christian church in 1054?
Use of icons – Great Schism
6. What religion rivaled Christianity during the time of the Byzantine Empire?
Islam
7. Who was the founder of Islam? Muhammad
8. List of the five pillars of Islam & explain how that would impact a Muslims life.
Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage
9. Next to each city, list the significance of that city to Islam:
Mecca- birthplace of Muhammad, kaaba
Jerusalem- Dome of the Rock
Medina- City of prophet (hijrah)
Damascus-
capital -Umayyads
Baghdad- House of Wisdom, capital –Abbasids
10. What aided the spread of Islam?
Weak Byzantine/Persian Empires
11. What are Caliphs? List the four that served during the “Rightly Guided Caliphate”.
Religious leader – Abu Bakr, Uthman, Umar, & Ali
12. Why is the Battle of Tours important? Where was it fought?
Stopped Muslim expansion into Europe. Fought in France
13. List major contributions of the Muslim world? (Include science, math, astronomy, architecture, etc.)
Algebra, Trigonometry, astrolabe, optics, house of wisdom, calligraphy, poetry
14. What are the structures below? Why are they important?
Hagia Sophia
Dome of the Rock
15. After Muhammad died, list the order of rulers of the Muslim World.
Rightly guided caliphs, Umayyad, Abbasids
16. How did the geography of the Arabian Peninsula impact life?
Cultural diffusion, trade center, nomadic lifestyle
17. What language was spoken in the Arabian Peninsula?
Arabic
18. Why did Islam split into sects?
After Ali died, they fought over the next successor – split into Sunni and Shia
19. Choose one of the following events and describe how that impacted Islam.

Muhammad’s hijrah, the movement of the capital city, assassination of Ali,
Battle of Tours
Place the letter J for Judaism, I for Islam and C for Christianity or ALL if it applies to the statement
20. ____ALL______
Monotheistic
21. ____C______ Belief that Jesus is divine
22. ____ALL______
Jerusalem is a holy city
23. _____J_____ Worship at a temple or synagogue
24. _____ALL_____
Originated in the Middle East
25. _____ALL_____
Have divisions or sects in their faith
26. ____I______
Founder is not represented by images
27. ____ALL______
Importance of Abraham and Moses
29. _____J_____ Abraham is the founder of the religion
30. ______I____
Muhammad is viewed as the last prophet