Chapter 28 Reading Guide: The Liberal Era (1960-1968)
See the Concept Outline handout for all of Period 8 (1945-1989)
Know all of these Key Terms and their Significance – these all should be in your outlines and highlighted,
Try to add these where they belong in the Concept Outline
28.1 (875-887)
28.2 (887-903)
Election of 1960/Role of TV in politics
“New Frontier”
Special Forces
Clean Air Act
Peace Corps
Space program
Cuban revolution/Fidel Castro
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
“Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
Hot Line
“Flexible response”
Kennedy Assassination
Lee Harvey Oswald
Jack Ruby
Lyndon Baines Johnson
“Great Society”
War on Poverty
Election of 1964
Barry Goldwater and the start of the modern
conservative movement
Great Society Programs
- Civil Rights Act (1964)
- Econ Opp Act (Head Start, VISTA)
- Voting Rights Act (1965)
- Medicare/Medicaid
- Housing Act
- Immigration Act (1965) – undoes 1924 acts
- Environmental Programs
Chief Justice Earl Warren
- Baker v. Carr (1962)
- Griswold v. CT (1965)
- Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
- Miranda v. AZ (1966)
Greensboro Sit-Ins
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
“Freedom rides”
Bull Connor
MLK, Jr/ “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
Gov. George Wallace (AL)
March on Washington (1963)
Birmingham, Alabama
Freedom Summer
Selma to Montgomery march (1965)
Watts riots
de jure and de facto segregation
Nation of Islam/ Elijah Muhammed
Malcolm X
Black Panthers
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
“long hot summers”
“Black Power” / Stokely Carmichael
American Indian Movement (AIM)/Red Power
Wounded Knee occupation
Cesar Chavez
United Farm Workers/La Causa/La Raza
Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Ngo Dinh Diem
“Military advisers”
Ho Chi Minh
VietCong
Domino Effect (or Domino Theory)
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
Operation Rolling Thunder
Hawks and Doves
After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions.
Ch 28.1
1. What is liberalism? This term is in the Concept Outline. Use Chapter 28 to help you define it.
2. Characterize the “New Frontier”. How does it compare with Truman’s “Fair Deal”? What why is
Kennedy’s (JFK) domestic policy considered lackluster? Include specific pieces of legislation.
3. What were the foreign policy successes and failures of JFK’s New Frontier?
4. Describe four major pieces of legislation or programs that made up President Lyndon B. Johnson's
Great Society and war on poverty initiatives.
5. What were the significant events of the Civil Rights movement in the early 1960’s?
6. How did the Warren Court support the liberalism of the 1960’s?
Ch 28.2
7. Why are the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 called the most significant
civil rights laws in US history?
8. How can you explain the riots of the mid-to-late 60’s after the passage of these laws? According to the
Kerner Commission report, what caused the wave of race riots in the late sixties?
9. How was the Black Power movement fundamentally different than earlier attempts at civil rights? Who
were the leaders of the Black Power movement?
10. How did liberal activism and the civil rights movement lead to other identify group movements in the
1960’s?
11. What is second wave feminism? How is it similar or different than earlier feminist movements?
12. How and why did President Kennedy deepen U.S. involvement in Vietnam?
13. How did President Johnson convince Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? What did LBJ
mean when he compared the resolution to "grandma's nightshirt--it covered everything"?
14. Why did Johnson expand US involvement in Vietnam?
15. Why in his second term did President Johnson go from electoral triumph to widespread rejection by the
American people?
16. How did the Vietnam War affect the home front?