Warm-Up:
• Complete the handout at the
front of the room.
• Which side do you think is more
likely to win a war? Why?
 Review
the beginning events of the Civil
War
 Understand the significance of key
people, events and battles in the Civil
War
 Analyze the Emancipation Proclamation
and the Gettysburg Address

Nickname: Union or Yankees

President: Abraham Lincoln

Uniform Color: Blue

Reasons for Fighting:
◦ Preserve the union (early)
◦ End slavery (later)

1)
Larger population
4)
More railroads
2)
Banks/more $$$
available
5)
Had a military
6)
Had a central gov’t
3)
More industry
You must KNOW
Ulysses S. Grant!
(I will be President in
a few years)
1) Ulysses S. Grant
President Lincoln
fires me after an
epic fail.
2) George McClellan
They still curse
me in the South.
Look at my lovely
sideburns…
…..wait for it)
3) William T Sherman
4) Ambrose Burnside
 Nickname:
Confederates
 President:
Jefferson Davis
 Uniform
Color: Grey
 Reasons
for fighting:
◦ Defend slavery
◦ Defend states’ rights
◦ Preserve their way of life
1)
Fighting on home turf
2) Had
a cause to fight for
3) Strong
4) Knew
military leaders (Robert E. Lee)
how to ride horses and use guns
5) Possibility
of foreign aid
(Cotton diplomacy)
You must KNOW
Robert E. Lee – a
Virginian and a
brilliant general!
2) “Stonewall” Jackson
1) Robert E. Lee
Ever been on
Pickett Rd in
Fairfax?
3) George Pickett
Ever driven on
Lee-Jackson
highway? (Rt 50)
 April
1861: Fort Sumter, SC
◦ First shots fired in the Civil War
◦ Confederates capture Union fort in SC harbor

Virginia secedes 5 days later; splits into two
states (welcome WV!)

Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
follow VA soon after
 Southern
states that seceded from the
Union:
◦ South Carolina (SC-1st)
◦ Mississippi (MS)
◦ Florida (FL)
◦ Alabama (AL)
◦ Arkansas (AR)
◦ North Carolina (NC)
Tennessee (TN)
oLouisiana (LA)
oTexas (TX)
oGeorgia (GA)
oVirginia (VA)
o
 Border
states that still practiced
slavery but that remained in the
Union:
◦ Delaware (DE)
◦ Kentucky (KY)
◦ Missouri (MO)
◦ Maryland (MD)
Shade the map:
Free states
Slave states
Border states
Free
states
Slave states
Border
states
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan
1) Two-pronged blockade of Confederacy’s
Atlantic and Gulf coast ports
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan
2)
Send naval gunboats down Mississippi
River to capture New Orleans
Miss. River
3)
This would cut off the South
geographically & economically
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan
3) Armies would then capture the
Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
-BUT the Southern coastline had 180 ports –
the Union navy had few ships to spare
-Plan was approved by Lincoln
but was unsuccessful
 First
major land battle of the war;
Confederate victory (sort of)
◦ Union soldiers march from Washington D.C. towards
Richmond
◦ They are cut off by Confederates, and both sides lose
many men
◦ The Union army
retreats back to DC
Before Bull Run,
Northerners
assumed
it would be a
quick war
 Outcome:
After the battle, both the
North and South realized this would
be a long and bloody war
 Can
you think of any modernday equivalents to the
picnickers?
 Do
we still do anything like
this today?
 Lee
invades the North in an attempt
to surprise Washington D.C.
 His plans are intercepted by Union
troops under General McClellan
 They meet at Antietam Creek in
Sharpsburg, Maryland
You’re fired!
 The
battle is a stalemate, but the South is
able to retreat.
 The Union counts it as a victory, but

McClellan is fired for letting Lee get
away.
Outcomes:
 Is considered the bloodiest single day
of the Civil War (26,000 + casualties)
 Britain decides not to help the South
 Gives Lincoln opportunity to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation



What do you know about the Emancipation
Proclamation?
How do you know this?
Read and answer the questions…then we’ll
discuss.
 Issued
by Lincoln after Union victory at
Antietam
 Abolished slavery in every Confederate
state; however it freed only the slaves in
states “in rebellion”
 Allowed black soldiers to enlist in the
Union army
 Gave the North a ‘human cause’ to fight
for

William Henry Seward, Lincoln's secretary of
state, referred to the proclamation as a
hollow, meaningless document showing no
more than,
"our sympathy with the slaves by emancipating
the slaves where we cannot reach them and
holding them in bondage where we can set
them free."

“We are all liberated by this proclamation.
Everybody is liberated. The white man is
liberated, the black man is liberated, the
brave men now fighting the battles of their
country against rebels and traitors are now
liberated… I congratulate you upon this
amazing change—the amazing approximation
toward the sacred truth of human liberty.”
-- Frederick Douglass

What do YOU think?
 Lee
attempts to invade the North for a
second time to get the fighting out of
Virginia
 The North under Meade defeats Lee to
gain a Union victory
 Is the bloodiest battle of the war
(48,000 dead in 3-day battle)
 South surrenders after fighting an uphill
battle
Outcomes:
 The turning point of the war- started a
winning streak for the North
 Final attempt by the South to attack the
North (crippled the South significantly)
 Now there’s no chance of foreign aid for
the South
A
speech given by Lincoln to dedicate
a battlefield cemetery at Gettysburg
 Described the Civil War as a struggle
to preserve a nation dedicated to the
idea that “all men are created equal”
 America was “one nation”, not a
collection of independent states

The address
 Mississippi,
1863:
 Grant attempts to cut the South in half
by capturing the Mississippi River
 Attacks the southern city for 7 weeks
 The fall of Vicksburg was said to have
“broken the backbone of the South”
Outcomes:
 Starving people of Vicksburg surrender;
South is divided
 Union forces controlled the Mississippi
River
 Morale boost for the Union
 Ulysses S. Grant proved his worth as a
Union general
 General
Sherman leads a 60 mile march
from Atlanta, GA, to Savannah, GA
 Destroys railroad tracks and cuts the
South off from receiving supplies
 Ends up burning down the city of
Atlanta to the ground
 Path of destruction left behind
devastates the South
 Confederate
General Robert E. Lee
surrenders to Union General Ulysses S.
Grant
 Signals
the end of the Civil War
 Lee urges Southerners to accept defeat
and unite as Americans
- Grant urged the
North not to be
harsh with former
Confederates
 War
was literally fought
“brother against brother”
 Disease was as much of a
killer as was actual fighting
 Combat was brutal and
often man-to-man
 Total war: Everyone was
affected




Managed homes and families with scarce
resources
Often faced poverty and hunger
Assumed new roles in agriculture, nursing,
and in war industries
Nursing becomes a
“real” profession