Name ______________________
Date of Test _________
Study Guide for Chapter 12 – 20th Century Virginia
Word Bank part 1
Woodrow Wilson
segregation
Harry F. Byrd
integration
Computer
desegregation
Transportation
Low
George C. Marshall
Economic
Brown v. Board of Education Jobs
Coal
Failed
League of Nations
Closed
Farming
Marshall Plan
Massive Resistance
Integrate
Way
Federal
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement and choose the best answer from the word bank above.
SOL VS9a
1) During the 20th century, agriculture began to change. Old systems of farming were no longer
effective. Crop prices were __low__________.
2) People moved from rural to urban areas for job opportunities.
3) Technological developments in __Transportation________ (roads, railroads, and streetcars)
helped cities grow.
4) __Coal_ mining spurred growth of Virginia towns and cities as people moved from the countryside
to find jobs.
5) During the 20th century, Northern Virginia experienced growth due to an increase in the number of
__Federal__ jobs located in the region.
6) In the late 20th century and the early 21st century, Northern Virginia and the Coastal Plain
(Tidewater) region have grown due to __computer___ technology.
7) People have moved to Virginia from many other states and countries looking for _economic_,
freedom, and a better ___way___ of life.
SOL VS9b
8) __Woodrow Wilson___ was a 20th century president who wrote a plan for world peace. After
World War I he worked to create the _League of Nations___ which was a plan to achieve world
peace.
9) ___George C. Marshall___ was a military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world
peace. The _Marshall___ Plan offered money, machinery, food, and technical equipment to help
the ruined nations rebuild.
SOL VS9c
10) __Segregation_ - the separation of people, usually based on race or religion.
11) __Integration___ - abolishment of racial segregation.
12) __desegragation____ - full equality of race in the use of public facilities.
13) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 as a result of the case Brown vs. Board of Education that
“separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional.
14) All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to _Integrate__.
15) Virginia’s government established a policy of ___Massive Resistance__ which fought to “resist”
the integration of public schools.
16) _Harry F. Byrd__ led a Massive Resistance Movement against the desegregation of public schools.
17) Some schools were __closed__ to avoid integration.
18) The policy of Massive Resistance ___failed__, and Virginia’s public schools were integrated.
SOL VS9d – Who am I?
Word Bank part 2
Linwood Holton
Oliver C. Hill
Harry Byrd
Arthur Ashe
Douglas Wilder
Maggie L. Walker
19) I was the first woman to establish and become a bank president in the United States. I am
__Maggie Lena Walker___.
20) I was the governor who was known for my “Pay as You Go” policy for road improvements. I also
modernized Virginia state government. I am __Harry F. Byrd, Sr.____.
21) I was a lawyer and civil rights leader who worked for equal rights of African Americans. I also
played a key role in the Brown v. the Board of Education decision. I am _Oliver C. Hill___.
22) I was the first African American winner of a major men’s tennis singles championship. I was also
an eloquent spokesperson for social change. I am _Arthur Ashe___.
23) I was the governor of Virginia who promoted racial equality and appointed more African
Americans and women to positions in state government than previous governors. I am Linwood
Holton
24) I was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States. I am L.
Douglas Wilder.
SOL VS10c
Word Bank part 3
Government
Factories
Tobacco
Tourism
Technology
Markets
Ships
25) Virginia’s transportation system (highways, railroads, and air transportation) moves raw materials
to __factories____ and finished products to ___markets____.
26) Virginia exports agricultural and manufactured products, including __tobacco___, poultry, coal,
and large ___ships_____.
27) Virginia has a large number of communications and other ___technology__ industries.
28) _Tourism__ is a major part of Virginia’s economy.
29) Because many federal workers live/work in Virginia, the federal _government_ has a significant
impact on Virginia’s economy.
** SOL VS10b – Complete graphic organizer, attached to the Study Guide, about Virginia’s products
and industries.
ESSAYS
What caused Virginia’s cities to grow? (SOL VS9a)
 People moved from rural to urban areas for economic opportunities.
 Technological developments in transportation (roads, railroads, and streetcars) helped cities grow.
 Coal mining spurred the growth of Virginia towns and cities as people moved from the countryside
to find jobs.
Name something that both Woodrow Wilson and George C. Marshall have in common with one
another. Name at least two things that were different about the two men. (SOL VS9b)
 In common – Both worked towards establishing world peace
 Differences
o Woodrow Wilson was a 10th century president
 George C. Marshall was military leader
o Woodrow Wilson, after World War I, created the League of Nations which was a plan to
achieve world peace
 George C. Marshall created the Marshall Plan which offered money, machinery,
food, and technical equipment to help the ruined nations rebuild after World
War II
What happened in Virginia as a result of the Brown v. Board of Education decision? (SOL VS9c)
 All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to desegregate.
 Virginia’s government established a policy of Massive Resistance, which fought to “resist” the
integration of public schools.
 Some schools were closed to avoid integration.
 The policy of Massive Resistance failed, and Virginia’s public schools were finally integrated.
Many individuals made political, social, and/or economic contributions to life in Virginia in the
twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Pick one of the individuals we studied about and explain
what they are best known for. (SOL VS9d)
 Use your graphic organizer on Virginia’s leaders to gather your information.
How have advances in transportation facilitated migration and economic growth? (SOL VS10c)
 Virginia’s transportation system (highways, railroads, air transportation, shipping) moves raw
materials to factories and finished products to markets.
 Virginia exports agricultural and manufactured products, including tobacco, poultry, coal, and
large ships.