Bell Ringer

 Which explorer contributed to the establishment of
Portuguese colonies in Africa and India?
 A. Hernando Cortez
 B. Ferdinad Magellan
 C. Vasco da Gama
 D. Francis Drake
 *** Grab a sheet of paper and label 1-5

 The novel emerged as a distinct form of literature in
Europe during the –
 A. Age of Absolutism
 B. Reformation
 C. Industrial Revolution
 D. Enlightenment


 “Revolutionary government owes to all good citizens
the fullest protection the state can afford; to enemies
of the people it owes nothing but death”
- Maximilien Robespierre 12/25/ 1793
 What was the immediate result of this philosophy?
 A. an increase in taxes
 B. a period of restored peace
 C. an expansion of the justice system
 D. a time of mass executions

 Industrialization helped lead to the European
colonization of Africa by –
 A. promoting the development of tourist markets
 B. causing domestic governments to collapse
 C. increasing competition for overseas markets
 D. bringing the major powers into armed conflict

 During the 19th Century, which change led to an
increase in the use of child labor?
 A. the creation of a public welfare system
 B. the development of the factory system
 C. the expansion of large cities
 D. the rise of wages for skilled workers
Agenda/Objectives

As the Mughal Empire declined,
Britain seizes Indian territory and soon
it controls almost the whole
subcontinent.
British Expand Control over
India

East India Company Dominates
 •British East India Company rules India until 1850s
 •Company has its own army led by British officers
 •Army is staffed by sepoys—Indian soldiers
British Expand Control over
India

Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown”
 •India is Britain’s most valuable colony, or “jewel in
the crown”
 •Forced to produce raw materials for British
manufacturing
 •Also forced to buy British goods
British Expand Control over
India

British Transport Trade Goods
 •Railroads move cash crops and goods faster
 •Trade in specific crops is tied to international events
Impact of Colonialism
 •British hold much of political and economic power
 •Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency, famine
 •Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes
 •British modernize India’s economy, improve public
health

The Sepoy Mutiny

Indians Rebel
 •Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles for
religious reasons
 •Many Sepoys are jailed; others start Sepoy Mutiny
against British
 •Many Indians, especially Sikhs, remain loyal to
British
The Sepoy Mutiny

Turning Point
 •British put down rebellion, take direct command of
India
 •Raj—term for British rule over India, lasts from
1757 to 1947
 •Uprising increases distrust between British and
Indians
Nationalism Surfaces in
India

Call for Reforms
 •In 1800s, Ram Mohun Roy leads modernization
movement
 •Many Indians adopt western ways and call for social
reforms
 •Indians resent being second-class citizens in own
country
Nationalist Groups Form
 •Indian National Congress and Muslim League form
 •Nationalists angered by partition of Bengal
-pressure forces Britain to divide it differently