BELL RINGER
What is the definition of Imperialism?
 Industrialized Nation taking over a NonIndustrialized Nation
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*** Turn in thesis in homework bin
AGENDA/OBJECTIVES
Africa before Imperialism
 The Congo Sparks Interest - David Livingstone
reading
 Causes of Imperialism
 Division of Africa
 Looking ahead!!!
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1850 1914
THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM
AFRICA BEFORE IMPERIALISM
Mid 1800s:
 - divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic
groups.
 - most followed traditional beliefs, others
converted to Islam or Christianity.
 - Politically: large empires to independent
villages.
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AFRICA BEFORE IMPERIALISM
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Europeans in Africa since 1450 but controlled very little
land.
- due to powerful African armies.
i.e. 1880 Europeans only controlled 10 percent of the
land in Africa.
Other reason – Europeans could not travel into the
interior.
why? – African rivers had so many rapids and changing
flows.
But what was invented during the Industrial Revolution?
THE STEAM-POWERED RIVER BOAT
AFRICA BEFORE IMPERIALISM
Large network of Africans conducted trade.
 - kept Europeans from controlling the sources
of trade items such as gold and ivory.
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NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRES
At first…. Europeans who did penetrate the
interior were explorers, missionaries, or
humanitarians.
 - most opposed the slave trade.
 Europeans and Americans learned about Africa
through travel books and newspapers.
 - Newspapers began to compete for adventure
stories.
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BELL RINGER
 What
kept the Europeans out of
Africa?
AGENDA/OBJECTIVES
Continue Imperialism in Africa.
 Draw a map of Africa and compare to modern map
of Africa.
 Part 2: Guns, Germs, and Steel.
 Bring a hard copy of rough draft tomorrow.
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We will understand the impact Europeans had on
the territorial lines of Africa.
NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRES
The Congo Sparks Interest:
 Late 1860s: David Livingstone, a minister from
Scotland traveled into the interior.
 - not heard of for several years.
 American newspaper hire reporter Henry Stanley
to find Dr. Livingstone.
 1871: He found him on the shores of Lake
Tanganyika.
 - Gold and other resources are brought to the
attention of the world.
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CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM
Belief of Europeans in racial superiority.
 Social Darwinism- the belief that evolution and
nature apply to humanity, survival of the fittest
applied.
 A need for raw materials (industrial rev.)
 Establish trade networks for Europeans
 Religious conversion.
 New technology
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FACTORS PROMOTING IMPERIALISM
Technology, new weapons, new steam ships,
railroads.
 Africans susceptible to disease, Europeans had
quinine for malaria.
 Europeans played off African rivalries on one
another and kept them from becoming unified.
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THE DIVISION OF AFRICA
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With gold and diamonds in southern Africa, the Europeans
began a strong interest in it.
France began to push west from the south western coast
towards Sudan.
Berlin Conference- in 1884-1885, European nations met to
establish rules for the colonization of Africa.
They agree any European nation could take parts of Africa by
notifying other European nations. (no African consent
required)
By 1914 Africa was divided up with only Ethiopia and Liberia
remaining free.
New boundaries did not consider the rights or needs of
Africans.
AFRICA 1914
THE NEED FOR RAW MATERIALS
Africans did buy many of Europe’s goods.
 The real wealth for the Europeans came from raw
mineral resources found in Africa.
 Belgian Congo- tin and copper
 South Africa- diamonds and gold
 Cash crop plantations such as peanuts, palm oil,
cocoa and rubber replaced food as a source of
agricultural production.
 Famine and starvation would soon become a
problem.
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BELL RINGER
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What were some of the causes of Imperialism?
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What were some of the factors promoting
Imperialism in Africa?
AGENDA/OBJECTIVES
Clashes in South Africa
 The Boers war
 Methods of Management
 Resistance
 Case study: Nigeria
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BLAST FROM THE PAST
What occurred during the reformation?
 A. A split of religions leading to Islam and
Judaism.
 B. A split of the catholic church leading to the
sect of Protestants.
 C. A spread of knowledge and ideas due to the
printing press.
 D. All of these answers are wrong.
BLAST FROM THE PAST
Who nailed the 95 thesis to the castle church
door in Wittenberg?
 A. John Calvin
 B. Martin Luther
 C. Henry VIII
 D. Joseph Devin
BLAST FROM THE PAST
Who created the printing press?
 A. Martin Luther
 B. Joseph II
 C. Johannes Guttenberg
 D. John Calvin
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BLAST FROM THE PAST
Who is considered to be the true renaissance
man?
 A. Michelangelo
 B. Raphael
 C. Donatello
 D. Leonardo Da Vinci
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BLAST FROM THE PAST
What is the idea of predestination?
 A. that if you live a good life you will go to
heaven.
 B. Only protestants are going to heaven.
 C. Before you are born it is determined whether
or not you will go to heaven.
 D. Any believer in god regardless of religion will
go to heaven.
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THE CLASHES IN S. AFRICA
Zulu fight the British
 -Shaka the leader of the Zulu formed a well trained
army in an effort to create a bigger state.
 -His successors failed to continue his strengths
and British invaders moved in.
 -The Zulu bravely fought the British using spears
and shields but eventually were defeated by the
British weapons at the battle of Ulundi.
 -By 1887, the Zulu had fallen under British
domination.
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THE ZULU
THE BOER WARS
The Boers were Dutch settlers (farmers) who
had arrived in Africa in the 1600’s.
 They built large farms through the 1800’s until
the British arrived.
 In the 1830’s, they moved north to escape
British rule in what is called The Great Trek.
 The Dutch then found themselves fighting the
Zulu and other tribes whose lands they were
taking.
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THE BOER WARS
When diamond was discovered in the late 1890’s.
the British sought to create a rebellion.
 The Boers fought back against the British using
guerilla tactics, Britain burned much of the Boer
lands in retaliation.
 The British used concentration camps and killed
over 14,000 Africans were killed here.
 By 1910, the Boers were defeated and the union
of South Africa was formed under British rule.
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THE BOER WARS