Bell Ringer

 Grab 5 flash cards and begin putting these questions on
one side of the flash card. One question per flash card.
 1. From the founding of each religion, Christians and
Muslims shared a belief in…
 2. What contributed significantly to the fall of both the
western Roman and the Han empires?
 3. What best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the
beginning of a new period in world history?
 4. Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both –
 5. What best describes a major effect of the Bantu
migrations?

 From the founding of each religion, Christians and
Muslims shared a belief in…
 A. the principle of separation of church and state
 B. the legal equality of men and women
 C. equality of opportunity
 D. a single omnipotent deity

 From the founding of each religion, Christians and
Muslims shared a belief in…
 A. the principle of separation of church and state
 B. the legal equality of men and women
 C. equality of opportunity
 D. a single omnipotent deity

 Which of the following contributed significantly to
the fall of both the western Roman and the Han
empires?
 A. The destruction of overland trade routes
 B. Irregularities in the flow of the silver trade
 C. New military technologies
 D .Invasions by borderland peoples

 Which of the following contributed significantly to
the fall of both the western Roman and the Han
empires?
 A. The destruction of overland trade routes
 B. Irregularities in the flow of the silver trade
 C. New military technologies
 D .Invasions by borderland peoples

 Which of the following changes best justifies the
claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new
period in world history?
 A. the rise of the Aztec and Inca empires.
 B. the economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the
Black Death.
 C. The incorporation of the Americas into a broader
global network of exchange.
 D. The emergence of new religious movements in
various parts of the world.

 Which of the following changes best justifies the
claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new
period in world history?
 A. the rise of the Aztec and Inca empires.
 B. the economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the
Black Death.
 C. The incorporation of the Americas into a broader
global network of exchange.
 D. The emergence of new religious movements in
various parts of the world.

 Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both –
 A. developed from Maya civilization.
 B. acquired empires by means of military conquest.
 C. independently developed iron technology.
 D. depended entirely on oral record keeping.

 Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both –
 A. developed from Maya civilization.
 B. acquired empires by means of military conquest.
 C. independently developed iron technology.
 D. depended entirely on oral record keeping.

 Which of the following describes a major effect of the
Bantu migrations?
 A. The spread of Islam across sub-Saharan Africa.
 B. The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub- Saharan
Africa.
 C. The introduction of banana cultivation in East
Africa.
 D. The success of hunter-foraging in sub-Saharan
Africa.

 Which of the following describes a major effect of the
Bantu migrations?
 A. The spread of Islam across sub-Saharan Africa.
 B. The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub- Saharan
Africa.
 C. The introduction of banana cultivation in East
Africa.
 D. The success of hunter-foraging in sub-Saharan
Africa.
Bell Ringer

 Please grab a reading on the chair and begin reading.
Agenda/Objectives

 Spanish colonies fight for independence.
 - What was their motivation?
 We are going to look at the Unification of Italy.
 - Why is their resistance?
Revolution in Haiti

 French colony Saint Domingue first to win
independence.
 Also known as Haiti.
 500,000 enslaved Africans lived in Haiti.
 - Majority population, lowest in social caste, treated
with cruelty.
Haiti

Fight for Freedom

 August 1791 – Boukman (enslaved priest) called for a
revolution.
 100,000 slaves revolted with the leadership of
Toussaint L’Ouverture.
 Became skilled as a general and diplomat.
 1801- took control of Santo Domingo and freed the
slaves.
Toussaint L’Ouverture

Fight for Freedom

 January 1802 – 16,000 French troops landed in Saint
Domingue.
 Negotiations- Toussaint would end revolt if the
French agree to end slavery.
 French broke agreement captured Toussaint and
imprisoned him in the French Alps – died 10 months
later, in April 1803.
Haiti’s Independence

 Jean-Jacques Dessalines – general for Toussaint.
 January 1, 1804: declared independence for the
colony.
 First black colony to free itself from European
control.
 Haiti – “Mountainous Land”


Latin America sweeps to
freedom

 Colonial society was divided by birth.
 Top – Peninsular: only allowed to hold high office.
 Middle- Creoles: Could rise as officers in Spanish
colonial armies.
 Next – Mulattos.
 Next – Mestizos.
 Next – Slaves.
 Bottom: Indians: little economic value to the
Spaniards.
Peninsular

Creole

Mulattos

Mestizos

Slaves

Native Americans

Who do you think spreads
the ideas of independence?

 Creoles – least oppressed, best educated, read and
adopted Enlightenment ideas.
 Felt equal to the Peninsular and were angered by the
little oppression the felt.
 Antonio Narino – translated French Declaration of
the Rights of Man
 - Exile to Africa.
Event in Europe trigger
revolutions

 Napoleon conquest in Spain 1808.
 King Ferdinand VII removed and Napoleon’s
brother Joseph is named king.
 Creoles argued when Ferdinand was removed the
power shifted to the people.
Event in Europe trigger
revolutions

 1810: Rebellions broke out in Latin America.
 1814: Ferdinand regains power but Creoles still want
independence.
Libertadores End Spanish
Rule

 Who were the two brilliant generals that help
liberate Latin America from Spanish rule?
 Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin
 What did each general do for independence?
 Bolivar – Venezuela 1811 – 1821.
 Martin – Argentina, Peru, Ecuador. Bolivar helped
Martin win victory in Peru.
 December 9, 1824: Spanish colonies won
independence.

Simon Bolivar
Jose De San Martin

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule

 Miguel Hidalgo:
 Priest from the village of Dolores.
 Poor but well-educated.
 Influenced by the Enlightenment.
 September 16, 1810 – rang the bells of the village
church.
 Peasants came and he issued a call for rebellion.
 Known as the grito de Dolores (cry of Dolores)
A Cry for Freedom

 9/17 – Hidalgo’s Indian and Mestizo followers
marched toward Mexico City.
 Approx.. 60,000
 Spanish army and
Creoles put down the Uprising.
 Hidalgo defeated in 1811.
Jose Maria Morelos

 Rebels rallied around this leader.
 Morelos continues the rebellion for 4 more years.
 Defeated in 1815 by creole officer, Agustin de
Iturbide.
Mexico’s Independence

 1820: Creoles feared a loss of their privileges.
 Joined forces for independence.
 Iturbide made peace with the last rebel leader and
proclaimed independence in 1821.
 Declared himself emperor and did not recognize any
other Spanish colonies independence.
 Overthrown in 1823.
Mexico’s Independence

 The region of Central America pulled together for
absolute independence.
 Name: United Provinces of Central America.

Read this passage

 The world economic system that developed after
1500 featured unequal relationships between western
Europe and dependent economies in other regions.
Strong governments and large armies fed European
dominance of world trade. Dependent economies
used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and
minerals for Europe, and they imported more
expensive European items in turn. Dependent
regions had weak governments, which made
European conquest and slave systems possible.
Which of the following best supports the contentions of
the world economic theory in the passage?

 (A) China was not massively affected by world
patterns in the period.
 (B) The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific
Revolution transformed European cultures.
 (C) Latin America exported sugar and silver and
imported manufactured items.
 (D) Britain had a relatively weak central government
compared to France.
Which of the following statements would challenge the
arguments made in the passage?

 (A) Strong governments in the slave-exporting
regions of West Africa
 (B) The role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast
Asia
 (C) The use of slaves and the plantation systems in
the Americas
 (D) European imports of sugar and tobacco

The trend shown on the graph above is
best explained by

 (A) increased production of cash crops like sugar
 (B) growth of silver mining in New Spain
 (C) industrialized textile mills’ demand for raw
cotton
 (D) African slave-trading kingdoms’ demand for
European trade goods