 What
were determining factors that led
to the Age of Explorations?
 We
are going to take a look at what made
the European Explorations possible.
 Who
led in the explorations?
 What
inventions were needed for the
explorations to be succesful?
 The
3 G’s
 Gold
 God
 Glory
 Desire
for new sources of wealth was the
main reason for European exploration.
 Muslims
and Italians controlled the trade
(had to bypass them from east to west)
 Monarchs
of England, Spain, Portugal,
and France – sought to bypass the Italian
merchants.
 #Sea route
 After
the crusades 1096 to 1270,
European nations wanted to spread
Christianity throughout the world.
 “to
serve God and His Majesty, to give
light to those who were in darkness and
to grow rich as all men desire to do”
 - Bartolomeu Dias
 1200s
– impossible for a sea captain to
travel 3,000 miles and return.
 1400s-
new vessel created called the
caravel could sail against the wind.
 Sailors also began to use the astrolabe.
 - Brass circle with carefully adjusted
rings marked off in degrees.
 A captain was able to tell how far north
and south the equator was.
 Portugal
 How
G’s?
could one achieve one of the three
 Leader
in developing and applying
sailing innovations.
 First
to establish trading post along the
West coast of Africa.
 Son
of Portugal’s king.
 1415 – helped conquer the Muslim city of
Ceuta in North Africa.
 Found pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and
other spices, gold, silver, and jewels.
 1419
– founded a navigation school on
the southwestern coast of Portugal.
 - mapmakers, instrument makers,
shipbuilders, scientist, and sea captains
perfected their trade.
 1460
– Henry died but with his help
Portugal began creeping down Africa
and making more trading post.
 Believed
they had to sail around the
Southern tip of Africa.
 1487-
Captain Bartolomeu Dias reached the
Southern tip of Africa.
 1498- Vasco
da Gama reached the port of
Calicut, on the Southwestern coast of India.
 da Gama was given a hero’s welcome. His
27,000 mile journey found a sea route to
India.
 #Gold,God,Glory
 Desired
a direct route to Asia.
 1492 – An Italian sea captain, Christopher
Columbus convinced Spain to finance his
journey.
 October 1492 – reached an island in the
Caribbean.
 His
journey increased tensions between
Spain and Portugal
 1493
– Pope Alexander VI stepped in to
try to keep peace and suggested an
imaginary line north to south that
separated the two empires.
 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas, both groups
signed the treaty and agreed to abide by
it.
 European
nations scrambled to establish
profitable trading outposts along the
shores of South and Southeast Asia.
 Portugal
built trading post along the
Indian Ocean.
 1509
– extended control by defeating a
Muslim fleet
 1510
– Captured the Port Goa on India’s
west coast
 1511-
Captured the city of Malacca
 They
were able to bring back goods at a
fifth of the price they would have paid
through the Arabs and Italians.
 By
the 1600’s the rest of Europe had
begun to descend upon Asia.
 Dutch
and the English began to
challenge power over the Indian ocean
trade.
 The
Dutch East India Company was
richer and more powerful than England’s
companies and were able to drive them
out.
1
paragraph of what your paper will be
on and why it interest you.
 i.e. Hitler’s rise to power
 - Fall of Constantinople
 - Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
 - Rise of Communism in Russia
 - Longstreet vs. Lee: Gettysburg
 - The Death of Emmitt Till
 - United States influence in the Middle
East