 “rebirth”
 In this case a rebirth or art and language.
 Why Italy and not Northern Europe?
 What were the advantages?
 Patrons of the arts.
 Humanism
 Renaissance Art and the Ninja Turtles
 The Northern Renaissance and how it spread.
 The end of the Renaissance
 Mid-Term Review
 More centralized rule
 Medieval = Religion
 Renaissance = Combination of Religion and
Humanism.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mgSPiAiBjU
 Northern Italy
 Began around 1300 and lasted until 1600. It later
spread north.
 The reason why Northern Europe lagged behind Italy
during the renaissance is because England and France
were locked in a hundred years’ war.
 Thriving cities
 A wealthy merchant class
 Classical heritage of Greece and Rome
 These 3 advantages help foster the Renaissance in Italy.
 Overseas trade sparked by the Crusades led to the
growth of large city-states in northern Italy.
 The rest of Europe was mostly rural
 Why would cities help the renaissance?
 Cities are often places where people exchange new
ideas.
 Also called the “Black Death”.
 Killed up to 60 percent of the population in these
cities.
 - i.e. Florence population went from 85,000 to 30,000.
 Because of a reduced population there was a shrink for
business expansion. Wealthy merchants began to
pursue other interest, such as art.
 City-states were small and ran their own affairs.
 Many citizens were very active in the political life.
 Merchants were the wealthiest, most powerful class
and they dominated politics.
 Merchants earned their social rank.
 - They believed they deserved power and wealth
because of their individual merit.
 The Medici family ruled Florence .
 1434- won control of Florence’s government.
 Influenced members of the ruling council by giving
them loans.
 Virtually the dictator for 30 years.
 Renaissance leaders looked down on the art and
literature of the Middle Ages.
 Wanted more learning from Greek and Romans time.
 Study of classical texts led to Humanism.
 - Focused on human potential and achievements.
 Popularized the study of subjects such as education,
history, literature, and philosophy.
 = These Subjects are called Humanities.
 Middle Ages = wearing rough clothing and eating the
plainest of foods proved your loyalty to God.
 Humanist believed that a person could enjoy life
without offending God.
 - The wealthy openly enjoyed material luxuries, fine
music, and tasty foods.
 Even church leaders became more worldly enjoying
beautiful mansions, threw lavish banquets, and wore
expensive clothes.
 Formed the central core of literature and philosophy of
the ancient writers.
 Idea of focusing on after-life shifted to enjoying the
here and now. ------ Church does not like this idea.
 The ideal individual strove to master almost every area
of study.
 A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a
“universal man.” later called “Renaissance man”
 Glorified the Human body.
 Painted the sistine chapel.
 Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural
postures and expressions that reveal personality.
 Carved the statue of David.
 Painter, Sculptor, Inventor, and a Scientist = A true
“Renaissance Man”
 Painted – “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”
 Learned from Michelangelo and Leonardo’s work.
 Painted the School of Athens.
 Sofonisba Anguissola was the first woman artist to gain
an international reputation.
 Painted portraits of prominent people such as King
Phillip II of Spain.
 Writers began to write in the vernacular, meaning
their native language rather than Latin.
 Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to
portray the individuality of their subjects.
 Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the Prince.
 - Examined how a ruler can gain power and keep it in
spite of his enemies.
 1453 – The hundred year war between France and
England ends.
 Population begins to grow since the bubonic plague.
 Monarchs sponsored the arts unlike in Italy.
 In 1494, war spreads in Italy.
 - French king launched an invasion from Southern
Italy to Northern Italy.
 Many artist fled to Northern Europe for safety.
 - With them came the ideas of the Renaissance.
 Northern Humanist
 Work was strongly Christian
 i.e. Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly
 Also called the Elizabethan Age.
 Reigned from 1558-1603
 Well-educated and fluent in French, Italian, Latin, and
Greek.
 Patron of the arts and wrote poetry.
 Wrote in Renaissance England.
 Born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon
 Work displayed understanding of human beings and a look
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into the souls of men and women.
Most famous work:
- Macbeth
- King Lear
- Hamlet
- Romeo and Juliet
- A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Now go do your key notes!
 The Printing Press!
 Who invented the Printing Press?
 Johann Gutenberg, reinvented the movable type that
the Chinese had invented.
 First book to print?
 The bible called the Gutenberg bible (1455)
 Both Italy and Northern Europe the Renaissance
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stirred a burst of creative activity.
1600s – new ideas and artistic styles continue to
appear.
Renaissance ideals will help shape Europe.
i.e. belief in the dignity of the individual played a key
role in the gradual rise of democratic ideas.
Spread of education.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApY3LYWuhOw&l
ist=PLB763881BCF813A7B
 Research these artist: What art did they make famous?
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What style of art did they do?
Fillipo Brunelleshi
Albrecht Durer
Tommaso Masaccio
Van Eyck brothers