Final Exam Study Guide
Ch 10
What is true breeding?
Know how to do a monohybrid and dihybrid crosses…phenotypic ratios
Homozygous: TT or tt
Heterozygous: Tt
In a one-trait test cross, what is the phenotype that disappears in the F1 generation?
Know how to get all possible gametes when given a genotype…ex: TTGg: TG, Tg
What are alleles?
Know the law of segregation and independent assortment
Know the difference between phenotype and genotype
Know incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic, pleiotropy
KNOW Blood type…be able to do a testcross with the blood type (look in your book)
Know everything about X-linked.
What are linked genes?
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW HOW TO CALCULATE MAP DISTANCE
Ch 11
Chargaff’s rules
Central Dogma: DNARNAproteins
Know how to calculate the possible number of sequences based on the number of nucleotides
Calculate the % of A, T, C, and G: A=T, C=G
Know DNA structure: double helix, many repeats, semiconservative, hydrogen bonds between
the bases…etc
Know how DNA replication:
3 steps…
Phosphate is at the 5’ end
OH is at the 3’ end
Know the enzymes: helicase, ligase, DNA polymerase vs RNA polymerase
DNA vs RNA
Transcription: DNA RNA (nucleus)
mRNA and tRNA are produced in the nucleus, rRNAs are produced in the nucleolus of
the nucleus
RNA polymerase
Processing after transcription: understand the significance of the cap and tail, removal
of introns
Translation: requires all 3 types of RNA (cytoplasm)
mRNAproteins
KNOW the steps and what is involved in each: initiation, elongation, termination
Why are tRNAs important?
KNOW WHERE EACH OF THE PROCESSES OCCUR IN THE CELL (NUCLEUS OR CYTOPLASM)
Know transposons and how they can disrupt normal cell functions
Know mutations and which is more severe: silent, point, frameshift
Mutations do not always result in non-functional protein products (hence silent)
How are recombinant DNAs made?
Know transgenic and how it is used in society
Know PCR (steps) and its uses
Know DNA fingerprinting and its usefulness
LOOK OVER YOUR MOCK AND STUDY MORE INDEPT ON THE TOPICS COVERED IN THE MOCK