The Life Cycle: Conception
through the Later Years
Chapter 11
Pregnancy: Nutrition for the
Future
Nutritional needs of pregnant women
 Maternal weight gain


Low-birthweight (LBW) infants
Pregnancy: Nutrition for the
Future

Practices to avoid
Pica
 Dieting
 Smoking
 Alcohol
 Other drugs
 Herbal products
 Lead & mercury

Pregnancy: Nutrition for the
Future

Common nutrition-related problems of
pregnancy
Morning sickness
 Constipation
 Hypertensionin pregnancy

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
 Preeclampsia & eclampsia


Diabetes

Gestational diabetes
Pregnancy: Nutrition for the
Future
Adolescent pregnancy
 Nutrition of the breastfeeding mother

Healthy Infants
Milk for the infant: breastfeeding
 Contraindications to breastfeeding
 Feeding formula
 Supplements for the infant
 Food for the infant

Healthy Infants

Nutrition-related problems of infancy
Iron deficiency
 Food allergies

Early & Middle Childhood
Growth & nutrient needs of children
 Other factors that influence childhood
nutrition

Early & Middle Childhood

Nutrition-related problems of childhood
Overweight & obesity
 Iron-deficiency anemia
 High blood cholesterol

The Importance of Teen Nutrition
Nutrient needs of adolescents
 Nutrition-related problems of adolescents

Undernutrition
 Iron-deficiency anemia
 Low calcium intakes
 High blood cholesterol

The Importance of Teen Nutrition

Nutrition-related problems of adolescents
Dental caries
 Eating disorders

Nutrition in Later Life
Demographic trends & aging
 Healthy adults
 Aging & nutrition status
 Nutritional needs & intakes
 Nutrition-related problems of older adults
 Sources of nutritional assistance

Choosing a Vitamin-Mineral
Supplement

Most healthy children & adults can obtain
needed nutrients from foods
 Groups of people who can benefit from
supplements
 Choosing a supplement




Price is not an indication of quality
USP symbol
100%-150% or < of vitamins & minerals
Childproof containers if children present
Looking Ahead & Growing Old
Prepare for old age early in life
 Life advantages


Contribute to good physical & mental health
in later years
Meals for One





Stock the pantry & fridge with wholesome
basics
Utilize frozen food; repackage in individual
servings yourself
Buy produce in season
Substitute healthy snacks when too tired to
cook a meal
Cook enough of a one-dish meal to last a few
days
Medicinal Herbs





The herbals industry in the U.S.
Popularity of herbals
Dietary Supplement Health Education Act
(DSHEA)
National Center for Complementary &
Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Guidelines for choosing & using herbal
supplements
Osteoporosis--The Silent Stalker
of the Bones
Reasons for greater prevalence in
women than men
 Bone loss

Pelvis & spine
 Injuries & complications

Osteoporosis--The Silent Stalker
of the Bones

Risk factors
Age
 Gender
 Age-related decline in hormones
 Abnormal absence of menstrual periods
(estrogen deficiency)
 Family history

Osteoporosis--The Silent Stalker
of the Bones

Risk factors
Race & ethnic background
 Body build
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Smoking & alcohol
 Medical conditions
 Diet


Bone-healthy: calcium, vitamin D
Osteoporosis--The Silent Stalker
of the Bones
Choosing a calcium supplement
 Diagnosis - bone density test
 Drug treatments

Estrogen replacement therapy
 Designer estrogens
 Biphosphonates
 Calcitonin & parathyroid hormone

Osteoporosis--The Silent Stalker
of the Bones

Prevention
Maximize peak bone mass
 Moderate alcohol intake & avoid tobacco
 Exercise regularly
 Discuss with health care provider
