Dietary Guidelines
and Recommendations
By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson
© 2016 Cengage
Presentation Overview
• A brief look at:
– Dietary Guidelines, 2010
– American Heart Association (AHA)
dietary recommendations
– American Cancer Society (ACS)
dietary recommendations
• Application of knowledge to a case
study
Dietary Guidelines 2010, Part 1
• Americans are overweight or obese and under nourished.
Individual, societal, and environmental efforts and interventions
are called for.
• Four directives related to reducing overweight and obesity,
Calorie, sodium, solid fat, added sugars, refined grains, and
non-nutritious food intake, and increasing plant-based eating
and physical activity.
• Nine sustainable food environment changes centered on
improving nutrition, food, and cooking literacy and skills,
physical education, financial incentives and agricultural
programs that ensure healthy and sustainable eating and food
security and portion control.
• Eight topic-specific finding areas that promote energy
balance and weight control, adequate nutrient, protein, and
water intake, whole grains, food safety, and limited SFA (<7%),
cholesterol (<300 mg/day), sodium (<2,300 mg /day to 1,500
mg/day) and alcohol intake.
Dietary Guidelines 2010, Part 2
Less:
More:
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• Physical activity
• Appropriate portions
• Foods high in essential
nutrients
• Home cooking
• Plant based and whole foods
• Seafood
• Nutrition and physical
education
• Financial incentives to eat right
• Food safety and security
• Good health and function
Sedentary behaviors
Large portions
Saturated fat and trans fat
Added sugars and sodium
Snacking
Fast food
Mindless eating
Heavy alcohol consumption
Foodborne illness
Obesity and chronic disease
prevention
AHA and ACS Recommends
• AHA overall healthy eating plan: Consume a diet rich in
vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain. Consume
fish(twice/week, esp. oily). Minimize the intake of
beverages and foods with added sugars.
– Healthy Body weight.
– Desirable lipid profile: <300 mg chol, SFA <7%, PUFA up
to 10%, MUFA up to 15%, avoid trans fatty acids (<1%).
– Desirable blood pressure: sodium between 1,500 and
2,300 mg/day
– Alcohol in moderation if any.
• ACS: Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis
on plant sources.
– 5 or more fruits and vegetables
– whole grains not refined grains
– limit high fat red and processed meats and alcohol
• Maintain a healthy body weight throughout life, be
physically active.
Case Study Application of Dietary
Models, Tools, Guidelines &
Recommendations
• Case Study Finicky Feena:
Finicky Feena is a 19-year-old
female. She is 5 feet 3 inches
tall and weighs 155 pounds.
She is overweight and has a
low physical activity lifestyle
(<30 minutes/day). She likes to
eat snacks while surfing the
internet and eats dinner while
watching TV.
Finicky Feena’s 1-day diet
Breakfast:
• Sunny-Delight (8 fl. oz)
• White Bread (2 pieces)
• Sugar (1 T)
• Cinnamon (1 t)
• Butter (2 t)
Lunch:
• Cottage Cheese (1 C, reg.)
• Pear (1 medium)
• Ramen noodles (1 cup,
chicken)
• Sunny-D (12 fl. oz)
Snacks:
• Water (20 fl. oz)
• Milky way bar (1 each)
• Pear (1 medium)
Dinner:
• Pizza Hut pepperoni personal
pan pizza (1 each,
approximately 3 slices)
• Iceburg lettuce salad (1.25 C)
• Ranch dressing (2 T)
• Root Beer (16 fl. oz)
Finicky Feena’s
partial diet analysis results
• Adequate nutrients:
Vitamins C and A, protein
• Inadequate or deficient
nutrients: essential fatty
acids, fiber, thiamin,
riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12,
folate, vitamin D, vitamin E,
calcium, iron, magnesium,
potassium, and zinc.
• Calories:
– Intake: 2,377
– DRI need: 2,261
• Total Carbohydrates: 59%
– Simple: 31%
– Complex: 28%
– Alcohol: 0%
• Total Protein: 13%
– Complete: 10%
– Incomplete: 3%
• Total Fat: 29%
– SFA: 19%
– MUFA: 6%
– PUFA: 4%
• Cholesterol: 103 mg
• Sodium: 3,967 mg
Finicky Feena Q & A, Part 1
1. Which of the 4 directive areas of the Dietary
Guidelines, 2010 is Feena in compliance with?
2. True or False, Feena is using her cooking skills to
promote individual, societal, and environmental
health? (explain)
3. True or False, Feena engages in some mindless
eating which is discouraged by the Dietary
Guidelines, 2010. (explain)
4. Feena’s diet met the American Heart Association
(AHA) dietary recommendation (Yes or No) for:
– Cholesterol? Sodium? Alcohol? SFA?
Finicky Feena Q & A, Part 2
5. Feena’s diet met the American Cancer Society
(ACS) dietary recommendations? Yes or No (if no
then what was wrong)
6. Feena’s lifestyle met the recommendations for
physical activity and she is on track for
maintaining a healthy body weight? Yes or No (if no
then what was wrong)
7. Feena’s diet met the AMDRs for carbohydrate,
sugar, protein, and fat. Yes or No (if no then what
was wrong)
References for this presentation are the same as those for this topic found in module 2 of the textbook