立命館大学国際地域研究所・平和主義研究会
シドニー大学共催、第４回研究会
6th DECEMBER 2014
平和主義セミナー（SPECIAL PACIFICISM SEMINAR)

Michael Lewis, The University of Sydney:
Michael Lewis is an historian of modern Japan with research interests in the intersections of social, cultural,
and scientific history. He has written major studies on mass movements in nineteenth and twentieth century
Japan and, more recently, focused on the crowd’s popular “intellectuals,” satirists and singers, and their
inconsistent roles in movements for greater economic and political equality in Japan, and stands taken for
and against the prewar Japanese empire. He is also researching the history of psychiatry in modern Japan
by exploring the lives of medical professionals who introduced Western therapies from the late nineteenth
century through the 1940s. Before joining the Department of Japanese Studies at the University of Sydney,
he directed the Asian Studies Centre at Michigan State University, where he led in creating the first All-Asia
U.S. Department of Education National Resource Centre.
Title: "Textbooks in the Asian History Wars: The Waning Importance of Weapons of Mass
Instruction?" 「教科書に見られるアジアの歴史戦争：教育兵器の重大さは薄れつつあるのだろう
か？」
Abstract: Scholars and other commentators on contemporary Japanese politics have issued dire
warnings about a looming conservative revisionist victory in the “history wars” thanks to the Abe
government’s initiatives to control the selection of textbooks. The warnings may be right given the
dominant position of power of the current Japanese national administration. Yet, there are
significant counter-movements that have begun before the Abe government and may continue to
check this trend after Abe steps down. This paper weighs the strengths and weaknesses of one of
those specific civil society efforts as exemplified in the 2013 work, The New East Asian Modern
and Contemporary History [新しい東アジヤの近現代史]. It considers this specific case in
questioning the lasting importance of any postwar government’s influence in shaping public
attitudes in Japan toward regional neighbours given the power of actions to trump ideologies and
the appearance of interpretations that ratchet historical awareness to new levels of openness. At
present, the general importance of retrograde revisionist mass instruction is not immune from
erosion and counter-revision. Converging historical interpretations and healthy public scepticism
about the politics behind the constant wrangle over Japanese textbooks may play important parts
in the ongoing process of shaping public’s historical awareness.
IN JAPANESE

Roman Rosenbaum, The University of Sydney
Title: Beheiren Activism: Oda Makoto and postwar peace and reconciliation. 「べ平連活動：小田
実と戦後の平和と和解」
Subtitle: Investigating the significance of Japan’s most successful citizenship movement and its
contemporary relevance to the approaching seventieth anniversary since the end of the Asia
Pacific conflict.
日本のもっとも成功を収めた市民運動の重要性が大東亜戦争の終戦七十周年記念日に対して、どの同時代的
な関連性を持つのかを検討します。
Abstract: This paper outlines in detail Oda’s protracted involvement with the Vietnam War. Some
of Japan’s most successful social movements were instigated by Oda and his supporters. Issues
such as American dassōhei (脱走兵, deserters) who were cared for by members of Oda’s antiVietnam movement supporters, are key elements for understanding the social repercussions of
this era. This talk will also consider the contemporary significance of Oda’s legacy.
本発表は小田実のベトナム戦争との長い関わりについてその概要を述べるものである。小田とその同僚を引
き起こされた今日まで響き合う日本のいくつかの社会運動を検討する。例えば、アメリカ人脱走兵が小田の
べ平連活動家たちによって保護されたというような問題は当時の社会的反応を理解する上での鍵となる。ま
た、小田の遺産の現代的意義について考える。
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
Masahito Takayashiki, Kansaigaidai
髙屋敷真人
関西外国語大学外国語学部准教授
2008年シドニー大学日本研究科大学院にて日本研究博士号取得（Ph.D. Japanese Studies)取得。
1990年より西オーストラリア州立マードック大学日本語専任講師等を経て2002年より現職。
主たる研究分野は、日本語教育、日本語教授法、近現代日本文学、演劇、現代思想。
コミュカティブ・アプローチに基づく接触場面を重視した初級日本語テキストや教材の研究及び
開発に長年携わり、共著に『モジュールで学ぶよくわかる日本語』（アルク 1993～1998）シリ
ーズ、『リビング・ジャパニーズＢＯＯK1／ＢＯＯＫ2』(くろしお出版 2006／2008）などがある。
近年は日本研究分野において、中上健次の主作品おける「自律」概念、劇作家別役実における身
体と言葉の関係、児童文学作家山中恒の「ボクラ少国民シリーズ」の研究等にも意欲的に取り組
んでいる。
IN ENGLISH
Title: “Called as ‘the little national’ – Children’s Literature Writer, Yamanaka Hisashi’s wartime and
postwar experiences”「少国民」と呼ばれて―児童読物作家山中恒の戦中戦後体験―
Abstract:本発表では、戦中「少国民」と呼ばれ軍事教育を経験した児童文学作家山中恒（b.
1931 年）が戦後どのように彼自身の戦争体験と向き合い、対峙してきたかについて取り上げる。
敗戦時に 14 歳であった山中は、以後手のひらを返したように民主主義を説き始めた教師をはじめ
周囲の大人達に対し失望と欺瞞性を強く感じざるを得なかった。この体験は、その後の山中の著
作活動に大いに影響を与えた。一つは、初期の時代から山中作品の登場人物（少年少女）達に通
底している「大人への不信感」と「自律性」である。もう一つは、戦時中の教育状況を克明に描
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いたノンフィクション・シリーズ『ボクラ少国民』に見られる執拗なまでの「正確な」歴史的事
実への探求心である。本発表では、『ボクラ少国民』シリーズで山中が目指したもの、あるいは、
山中の初期三部作、『赤毛のポチ』（1956）、『とべたらほんこ』（1960）、『サムライの子』
（1960）において山中が描こうとしていたものについて明らかにし、戦時中、「少国民」として
皇民化教育を受けた一人の少年が、戦後、児童読物作家としていかにその事実と向き合い「和
解」してきたのかついて報告したい。
IN ENGLISH

Yasuko Claremont, The University of Sydney
Title: What we are still doing: Kurihara Sadako (1913-2005) 「今でも相変わらず：栗原貞子(19132005)」
Abstract:
Nearly seventy years after the end of the Pacific war Japan still hasn’t been relieved from the guilt
and pain that the war inflicted not only on its own people but also its neighbouring people. Today,
Japanese society has become polarized in a national debate on Article 9. Peace and
reconciliation issues are far from being resolved although civil movements can be found in many
countries, showing the power of individuals joining collectively in democratic societies. What we
need here, I believe, is that we must listen carefully, face up and review what we have done, from
which reconciliation begins. My paper mainly discusses some of Kurihara Sadako’s realistic
writings and poems as examples to show how clearly the actual experiences of both victims and
aggressors are.
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IN JAPANESE
Rio Otomo, Japan Institute of the Moving Image (日本映画大学)
I teach Queer Theory and Feminism for the subjects on literature and films at a newly established film
university in Kanagawa. My recent articles are: “Politics of Utopia: Fantasy, Pornography, and Boys Love,”
Boys Love, Manga, and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan, eds. Mark McLelland et al. ,
Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2015, pp.141-152. Forthcoming.
海外に高い知名度を持つ映画学校を母体として新たに設立された日本映画大学で、クイア理論やフェミニズ
ムの視点を中心に文学と映画の講義を担当している。Ph.D はモナシュ大学（オーストラリア、メルボル
ン）比較文学科で取得。テーマは「三島由紀夫作品に読む近代性の地図」。近刊予定の論文は『ユートピア
の政治学：ファンタジー、ポルノグラフィ、ボーイズラブ』。
Title:
Women’s reconciliation in I girasoli [Sunflower] (Dir. Vittorio De Sica, 1970) 「映画『ひまわり』に
見る女たちの和解」
Abstract:
Along the River Don in Ukraine and Georgia were the intense battles between the Soviet Red army
and Germany, Hungary, Romania, and Italy from the autumn of 1942 until January 1943. An
overzealous Mussolini poured in 130,000 soldiers, which nevertheless resulted in defeat and more
than 20,000 deaths, 60,000 POWs, and in the end only about 40,000 survivors, many of whom
were disfigured by frostbite. The fact of this defeat was not disclosed to Italian citizens at the time.
The film Himawari [I girasoli], which tells a story of this war, was screened in Japan in September
1970. It was lauded as a beautiful love story featuring Italy’s top stars – Sofia Loren and Marcello
Mastroianni – and Henry Mancini’s romantic strings. Presenting another way of looking at this film,
I would like to rethink the visual power and the ills of nostalgia in reconstructing memories of war.
要旨：
1942 年秋から 43 年 1 月にかけての冬、ウクライナとグルジアを流れるドン河の両岸は、ドイツ、
ハンガリー、ルーマニア、イタリアがソ連軍と戦う激戦地と化した。勢い立つムッソリーニはそ
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こに 13 万人を送り込み、うち 2 万人以上が死亡、6 万人以上が捕虜、4 万人のみ帰国し、生存者
の多くは凍傷による消えない傷跡を負った。政府は当時この真実を国民には告げていない。映画
『ひまわり』（ヴィットリオ・デ・シーカ監督）はこの戦争を背景に持ち、日本では 1970 年 9 月
に公開された。ソフィア・ローレンとマストロヤンニという当時のトップ・スターと映画音楽の
巨匠マンシーニのメロディで、美しいラブストーリーとしてヒットした。この発表では、この映
画を再読し、戦争の記憶を語る行為と、ノスタルジアという悪について課題を提示したい。
Nishisato Fuyuko (西里扶甬子）
Profile: 北海道放送（HBC）アナウンサーとして放送業界へ。札幌冬季オリンピックで報道部へ。
その後オーストラリア放送（ABC）の海外向け短波放送ラジオ・オーストラリアに転職。1 年余の
ロンドン暮らしの後帰国してからは、海外メディアが日本取材をするときの、コーディネーター
／フィクサー／インタビューアー／フィールド・プロデューサーとして現在にいたる。あらゆる
場面で日本を海外に報道する仕事の最前線に立ち合ってきた｡ ドキュメンタリー番組・ニュース
などで、、戦争を題材とする多くの番組を手がけた。2001 年からはドイツテレビ（国営第２Ch
ZDF）東京支局を中心に仕事をしている。3-11 福島原子力発電所事故以降、ドイツテレビの取材チ
ームの一員として、取材を重ねているが、７３１部隊から広島・長崎原爆を経て福島にいたる
「原子力を巡る闇」に開眼、新たなライフ・ワークとして取り組もうとしている。NPO 法人 731 部
隊細菌戦資料センター理事、POW 研究会会員、外国特派員協会会員
Title: 国際社会における慰安婦問題の新たな展開 ～国民総右傾化の中で～
The Latest International Development of Comfort Women Issue
～In the General Tendency of Leaning Right～
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7 December 2014
京都国際大学院生フォーラム
（KYOTO INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS FORUM )
Ga Yeon Kim, Academy of Korean Studies
Title: Vestige of Japanese Colonial View of History in Japanese History Textbooks:
Focusing on the Relationship between Korea and Japan during the ancient period. 「日本の歴史教
科書に見る日本植民地観の名残り：古代韓日関係に焦点を当てて」
Abstract: Kim’s paper focuses primarily on research relating to the historical conflict of the ancient
historical period. Korean ancient history has previously been deliberately and systematically
distorted in order to strengthen the theories of ‘Korea and Japan as One (內鮮日體),’ as well as the
theory of nissen dōsoron or ‘the common ancestry of Korea and Japan’ (日鮮同祖論) to legitimise
Japanese colonial power in the Korean peninsula. This paper will primarily research the case of the
Japanese new history Textbook(新しい歴史教科書, hereafter the New history textbook), published
by Fusosha (扶桑社) in 2001. The controversy surrounding these textbooks made headlines in
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Korean and became a social issues that led to public Korean discussions about the distorted history
in Japanese history textbook at the beginning of 2000. Furthermore, it also led to a close
examination of the textbooks by Korean historians to examine and elaborate on how Japan distorted
Korean history for their own political interests.
Contact: M.A candidate at International Korean Culture studies
The Faculty of International Korean Studies
Mobile: +82 (0)10-2258-1670 Email: gayeonkim77@gmail.com
IN JAPANESE
Wen Zheng, Academy of Korean Studies
Department of Economics, The Academy of Korean Studies
Biography
Zhang Wen completed undergraduate management studies at the Shandong Normal University in China,
and got her master degree at Sogang University in Korea majoring in International Trade and Korean
Studies. She had been an exchange student at Charles University in Prague in 2011. Currently she is doing
her Ph.D at the Academy of Korean Studies. She has focused her research on East Asian Economic
Integration and Free Trade Agreement. Her personal interest also extends to Historical and Cultural
Economy in East Asia.
Title: “War Reconciliation and Peace: Rethinking Teresa Teng’s Influence in East Asia” 「戦争に
関わる和解と平和：東アジアにおけるテレサテングの影響を再考する」
Abstract:
East Asia has gone through war conflict during the 1940s and 1950s. The war resulted in
causalities and destroyed landscapes. The conflict continues to resonate in those countries
while the pursuit for peace is also deeply rooted in people’s mind. People’s memory may still
suffer the aftershocks of the devastating war, though at the same time the media culture drew
widespread attention and the shared value were more accepted. Teresa Teng(1953-1995),
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who was an extraordinary singer, had gained cross-cultural popularity in China, Japan and
other Asian countries especially in 1970s and 1980s. Even she has passed away for almost 20
years, the commemoration of Teresa Teng still has been consistently held in different ways.
This article tries to trace her post-war influence in Asia, focusing mainly on China and Japan. It
shows that as a non-replicated symbol of culture, Teresa Teng is adored by people because
her image and her songs meet the indigenous emotional need of common people and the
lyrics, rhythms, in striking contrast to officially approved songs are appealing to fans.
IN JAPANESE

Alison Starr, The University of Sydney
TITLE: WAR AND RECONCILIATION: EXAMINING TRAGIC EVENTS THROUGH SPATIAL
ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTATION 「戦争と和解：悲劇的な出来事を空間分析とア
ーカイブ文書を通して調査する」
Profile: Alison completed undergraduate Japanese studies at the Australian National University, and
subsequently undertook architecture studies at the University of Technology Sydney. She has worked in the
private sector as an architect, urban designer and planner and now works in the public sector, specialising in
heritage transport buildings. Alison comes from Cowra NSW and since commencing her doctoral studies in
2013, has focussed her research on Cowra's special reconciliation relationship with Japan. Her personal
involvement in this reconciliation process began when she spent a year on a high school student exchange
programme to Japan, as part of an ongoing reciprocal exchange between Cowra High School and Seikei
High School in Tokyo.
Abstract: How can a successful reconciliation relationship be built, crossing the boundaries of
postwar acrimony, racism and distrust? Close examination is undertaken of what constitutes such
a relationship when former enemies develop cross-cultural ties, capable of continuing across
subsequent generations, and forming an enduring part of our shared cultural memory. This is
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looked at specifically in the context of the Pacific War, with the example of the Cowra Breakout
providing insight into how a successful reconciliation process has developed in the aftermath of a
tragic event, a mass escape of Japanese prisoners of war that took place in August 1944. Past
publications have focused on the event itself, though comparatively little is known about Cowra’s
unique story of reconciliation.
The70th anniversary of the Cowra Breakout has recently been commemorated, and what is left is
the collective memory of this event will soon move beyond the primary source nature of survivor
testimony, and on to the landscape of shared cultural memories (Ashplant 2001). In this paper, I
will combine analysis of primary history accounts with the spatio-temporal aspects of the
reconciliation relationship, to observe what can be learned from mapping the physical traces of
memory and what meaning a community can derive from this, over time and space.
IN JAPANESE

Shizu Maekawa, Rikkyo University
プロフィール：
ジョージメイソン大学大学院コンフリクト・リゾルーション研究科修士課程修了。立教大学大学院社会
学研究科修士課程修了。現在、同大学院同研究科博士課程在籍。
M.S. in Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, USA
M.A. in Sociology, Rikkyo University, Japan
Currently, I am a Doctoral Student at Graduate School of Sociology at Rikkyo University, Japan.
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発表のタイトル：
日米間対話における政治的異議申し立てと脱政治のダイナミクス――平和のナラティヴと戦後和解への
作用
Dynamics between political and non-political claims within the US–Japanese dialogue: Narratives of
peace and its effects on postwar reconciliation
要旨：
戦後和解には人権・人道の見地から新たな問題を政治に導入しようとする言説と、それらの問題が過度
に政治化されることを防ごうとするふたつの言説がある。本報告では日本政府による元アメリカ兵捕虜
招聘プログラムを事例に、日米間対話におけるこれらふたつの言説の作用を分析する。特に「平和のナ
ラティヴ」に注目し、それが戦後和解のプロセスにもたらす影響について明らかにしたい。
Postwar reconciliation includes two different discourses. The first one is to make political
claims by bringing new issues into politics from an ethical point of view; the second is to
prevent these ethical issues from becoming over politicized. This study examines the
dynamics between these two discourses in the Friendship Program supported by the
Japanese government and aimed at postwar reconciliation between American former
prisoners of war and the Japanese public. Particular attention is paid to narratives of peace
and its effects on the reconciliation process.

David Morton, Tokushima Bunri University
David C. Moreton graduated from the Asian Studies Department at the University of British
Columbia majoring in Japanese language, culture and history (BA, MA). Since 2001 he has been
teaching English and culture-related courses at Tokushima Bunri University. His research interests
include the history of foreigners and the 88-temple Shikoku pilgrimage, the construction of the
Thailand-Burma Railway during WWII, and war documents stored at Ryozen Kannon in Kyoto.
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ディビット・モートン。ブリティッシュコロンビア大学（カナダ）大学院東洋学部日本言語、文
化と歴史専攻卒。2001 年から徳島文理大学の講師として英語と文化系の授業を担当。外国人と四
国八十八ヶ所巡り（四国遍路）の歴史、第二次世界大戦中に建設された泰緬鉄道、また京都の霊
山観音に保管されている戦争資料等を研究している。
Title:
Carrying a torch of peace and reconciliation into the future－My work as a grandchild of a former
English POW. 「平 和と和解というトーチを将来へ運ぶ：元イギリス人捕虜の孫である私の活」
Summary:
Shortly after the end of WWII my grandfather wrote in his diary, “What a golden opportunity for the
world to unite like one family, but will that ever happen while man lives on earth?” He had just
experienced 3.5 years as a PoW in Thailand and like everyone else around the world had seen
firsthand how greed, hatred and selfishness could cause so much destruction. For this talk I would
like to describe my activities in Japan regarding peace, reconciliation and mutual understanding –
work that hopefully will help the world move a little closer to becoming a family that my grandfather
longed for 70 years ago.
第 二次世界大戦の直後、祖父は日記に次のように綴っている。「今こそ世界が一つの家族のよう
に結びつくまたとない素晴らしい機会ではないだ ろうか。しかし、それは人類が地上に存在する
間に実現するだろうか。」タイでの3年半に及ぶ捕虜生活を終えたばかりの祖父は、当時の世界中
の人々 と同様に、貪欲、利己主義、憎しみが戦争をもたらし、地球を破壊したのを目の当たりに
したのだ。今回、平和、和解と相互理解における私の 日本での活動を述べたいと思う。私の活動
が、祖父が70年前に抱いた希望に、少しでも近づけることを切に願う。

Kyoko Ito-Morales, The University of Granada
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Title of Paper: Civil Society and Social Capital in Japan: Do they Contribute to the
Tolerance Toward Diversity and Promotion of Postwar Reconciliation? 「日本の市民社会と
ソーシャルキャピタル：これらは社会の多様性や戦後和解に必要な寛容性育成に貢献している
か」
Abstract: The roles of civil society and social capital have been examined carefully in
recent academic studies. Active civil society is expected to be an engine for the vitalisation
of unproductive politics and international relations. Contrarily, social capital is said to
promote civic virtues such as trust and establish norms of reciprocity. If these theories are
accurate, they may also serve to generate generosity and tolerance towards people from
outside the bespoke community, increase the desire to understand different cultures and
customs, and cultivate interests in friendship buildings. These positive consequences may
also assist the people living in Pacific Rim countries to overcome the tragic history of the
wars and thereby achieve a steady peace and reconciliation.
In this paper, I will examine these hypotheses by analysing the available social
survey data on Japan. I will also analyse variables relating to social capital, trust, attitude
towards immigrants and foreigners, country-by-country likability rating scores to see
whether social capital and active participation in civil society may produce a favourable
environment for cultural exchanges, create tolerance toward pluralism and contribute to
the postwar reconciliations.
要約
近年、市民社会やソーシャルキャピタルの役割が注目されている。活発な市民社会は閉塞感に包まれた政
治や国際関係を活性化するエンジンの役割を担い、ソーシャルキャピタルは信頼ら互酬性の規範などに代表
される市民道徳を高めるであろうとされている。もしこれらの理論が正しければ、市民社会やソーシャルキ
ャピタルはまた所属コミュニティー外からの人たちに対する寛大さと寛大さを育成することにも貢献し、そ
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れにより異なった文化や習慣を理解する意欲も高められ、更には異文化との友情構築に対する興味も養われ
るであろう。これらの正の連鎖反応は、環太平洋諸国に住む人々が戦争の悲劇的な歴史を克服し、安定した
平和と和解を達成するためにも役立つことが期待される。
以上の理論を踏まえて、本研究では日本の社会調査データを分析することにより、これらの仮定の検証を
試みる。検証方法は主に計量分析手法を用いる。一般的信頼、移民や外国人に対する態度、国別好感度など
市民社会やソーシャルキャピタルに関わる変数の相関関係を模索することにより、これらが異文化交流や多
元的共存、そして戦後和解のために有益な環境を作り出しているか否かを調査したいと思っている。

Aiko Otsuka, University of Cambridge
Aiko Otsuka,PhD Student in East Asian Studies, University of Cambridge
October 2014.
Profile: Aiko Otsuka is a PhD student in East Asian Studies at University of Cambridge where she
is working on her project, tentatively entitled: ‘Narratives of Defeat: the Struggles of the Japanese
Military Officers in Post-WWII Contexts.’ This thesis explores the ways in which the Japanese
officers confronted Japan’s defeat and recounted the imperial past during and after the period of the
US occupation (1945-1952). She received her MA in East Asian Studies, with Japan-area
specialisation from the University of Arizona in the United States and completed a thesis on 1930s
Japanese intellectuals’ views on China.
英国ケンブリッジ大学博士課程に所属。同大学のプロジェクト『日本帝国の崩壊とその正当性に向けた挑
戦』のメンバーとして、旧日本人将校の戦後を研究。日本人将校の戦争経験、語り、戦争責任を考察。
Title: The war experience of former Japanese soldiers.「旧日本軍人の戦争経験」
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Abstract: This study will explore how the Japanese military officers recounted the war after
Japan’s defeat and surrender in 1945. By delving into their memoirs and publications, my project
will highlight their shifting perceptions of the war and the process of their integration into postwar
society.
日本の敗戦後、旧軍人たちが戦争をいかに語り継いだのかを考察。彼らの語り・回想を通して、旧陸海軍が
敗戦とどう向き合い、戦後日本社会とどのようにかかわったのかを探る。
Contact: Aiko Otsuka ao357@cam.ac.uk
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