FORUM V PLENARY OPEN INFORMATION/DISCUSSION SESSION ON
TOOLS AND APPROACHES FOR APPLYING PRECAUTION
IN THE CONTEXT OF CHEMICAL SAFETY
Reference List
WORKING VERSION - 11 SEPTEMBER 2006
THIS LIST HAS BEEN COMPILED BY THE IFCS SECRETARIAT TO PROVDE ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND MATERIALS TO
FACILITATE PREPARATION AND DISCUSSIONS AT FORUM V. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE LISTING - BUT
RATHER TO INLCUDE MAIN REFERENCES ON THE TOPIC. SUGGESTIONS FROM IFCS PARTICIPANTS FOR ADDITIONAL
REFERENCES TO BE LISTED ARE WELCOME AND SHOULD BE SENT TO IFCS@WHO.INT.
FORUM V PLENARY OPEN INFORMATION/DISCUSSION SESSION ON
TOOLS AND APPROACHES FOR APPLYING PRECAUTION
IN THE CONTEXT OF CHEMICAL SAFETY
Reference List
Year
Title
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
1978
Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement:
Article III - General Objectives
Article IV - Specific Objectives
1987
Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer,
Sept. 16, 26 ILM 1541
1987
Second North Sea Declaration:
Ministerial Declaration
Calling for Reduction of Pollution, Nov.
25, ILM 835
1989
UNEP, Report of the Governing
Council on the work of its
Fifteenth Session
UN GAOR, 44TH Sess. Supp. No. 25, 12th
mtg at 153, UN DOC A44/25
-Recommends that all Governments
adopt "the principle of precautionary
action" as the basis of their policy
with regard to the prevention and
elimination of marine pollution.
Web site
http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/greatla
kes/default.asp?lang=En&n=F
D65DFE5-1
http://www.dep.no/md/nsc/dec
laration/022001-990245/dokbn.html
http://www.unep.org/Documen
ts.Multilingual/Default.asp?Do
cumentID=71
Year
Title
1989
PARCOM Recommendation
1990
The Status in International Law of
the Principle of Precautionary
Action
Status in international law of the
principles of precautionary action
Nordic Action Plan on Pollution of
the Seas, 99 app. V.
1990
1990
1990
1990
1990
1991
1991
Final Declaration of the Third
International Conference on
Protection of the North Sea. 7-8
March.
Bergen Ministerial Declaration on
Sustainable Development in the
ECE Region.
Ministerial Declaration of the
Second World Climate
Conference
The Precautionary Principle: A
Fundamental Principle of Law and
Policy for the Protection of the
Global Environment
The Precautionary Principle
Author(s)
Gundling, L.
Gundling, L.
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
89/1 - 22 June.
Contracting Parties to the Paris
Convention for the Prevention of Marine
Pollution from Land-Based Sources
International Journal of Estuarine and
Coastal Law 23, 23-25, 5.
International Journal of Estuarine and
Coastal Law 5: 23-30
Nordic Council's International
Conference on Pollution of the Seas:
Final Document Agreed to Oct. 18
Ministry of Environment, Norway
website
http://www.norden.org/pub/sk/
showpub.asp?lang=6# out of
print
http://www.dep.no/md/nsc/dec
laration/022001-990244/dokbn.html
UN Doc. A/CONF.151/PC/10 (1990), 1
YB Intl Envtl Law 429, 4312
1 YB Intl Envtl Law 473, 475
Cameron, J., and
Abouchar, J.
14 B.C. Int'l & Comp.L. Rev. 1.
Can be purchased from:
www.blackwell-synergy.com
David Freestone
International Law and Global Climate
Change 21 (R.R. Churchill & David
Freestone eds., Graham & Trotman/M.
Nijhoff: London/Boston.
Can be purchased from:
www.amazon.com
Year
1991
1991
1991
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
Title
Author(s)
Bamako Convention on
Hazardous Wastes within Africa.
30 January. Art.4, 30 IL
OECD Council Recommendation
C(90) 164 on Integrated Pollution
Prevention and Control
Text on Protection of Oceans.
The Precautionary Concept in
Environmental Policy and Law
Institutionalizing Caution
Le Principe de précaution :
Aspects de droit international et
communautaire (Editions
Panthéon Assas).
The precautionary concept in
environmental law and policy:
Institutionnalizing caution.
The Precautionary Principle and
the Prevention of Marine Pollution
Convention on the Protection and
Use of Transboundary
Watercourses and International
Lakes, 17 March
Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development, 14 June
Framework Convention on
Climate Change, 9 May.
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
http://www.londonconvention.
org/Bamako.htm
http://webdomino1.oecd.org/h
orizontal/oecdacts.nsf/linkto/C
(90)164
Hey, Ellen
Hohman, Harald
Hey, E.
Jackson, T and
Taylor, P.
UN GAOR, 4th Session. UN Doct
A/CONF.151/PC/100 Add. 21
Geo. Int'l. Envtl. L. Rev. 4, 303
Präventive Rechtspflichten und prinzipien des modernen
Umseltvölkerrechts (Duncker & Humblot:
Berlin
Georgetown International Environmental
Law Review 4: 303-318
Pasword protected site
http://marian.law.washington.
edu/
Chemistry and Encology 7: 123-134
31, ILM 1312
http://www.unece.org/env/wat
er/pdf/watercon.pdf
31 ILM 874.
http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev
/documents/agenda21/index.h
tm
http://unfccc.int/2860.php
31, ILM 849
Year
Title
Author(s)
1993
Uncertainty and environmental
learning.
Wynne, Brian
1993
The Precautionary Principles: A
New Approach to Environmental
Management
Harding R and Fisher
L.
1994
Interpreting the Precautionary
Principle
O'Riordan T and
Cameron J.
1994
Maastricht Treaty on the
European Union
21 September
The Draft European Energy
charter Treaty Annex 1, 14
September
Refining the Precautionary
Principle in International
Envrionmental Law
Principles of International
Environmental Law
1994
1995
1995
1995
1996
1996
Implementation of the
Precautionary Principle in
Standards for the work place
Note & Comment: General
Principles of International
Environmental Law
The Precautionary Principles and
International Law
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
In Clean Production Strategies, ed. Tim
Jackson: 63-84, Boca Raton: Lewis
Publishers
University of New South Wales,
Australia: Institute of Environmental
Studies. 17-42
London: Earthscan
31 ILM 247, 285-86
Can be purchased from:
http://shop.earthscan.co.uk/Pr
oductDetails/mcs/productID/2
68
http://europa.eu.int/en/record/
mt/top.html
27/94 CONF/104
Hickey James E. Jr.,
Walker Vern R.
14 Virginia Envtl. L.J. 423
Sands, Philippe
Can be purchased from:
http://www.amazon.com/gp/pr
oduct/0521521068
Stijkel, A and
Reijnders, L.
Occupational and Environmental
Medicine 52: 304-312
Valverde Soto M
3 ISLA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 201
Freestone, D and
Hey, E.(eds)
Boston: Klewer Law International
Year
1996
1997
1998
1998
Title
US President's Council on
Sustainable Development.
Sustainable America: A New
Consensus
Applying the Precautionary
Principle
The Status of the Precautionary
Principle in Australia : its
Emergence in Legislation and as
a Common Law Doctrine
Precautionary Principles and
Future Generations
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
http://clinton2.nara.gov/PCSD/
Publications/TF_Reports/ame
r-top.html
Deville, A and
Harding R.
Sydney Australia, Federation Press
Barton, Charmain
22 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 509
Cameron, James.,
Wade-Gery, Will., and
Abouchar, Jill.
Carolyn
Raffernsperger
Future Generations and International
Law (Agius and Busattil, eds.,)
Earthscan, 93.
Can be purchased from:
http://www.dymocks.com.au/D
ynamic/Full_Details.aspx?ISB
N=1862872031
1999
Uses of the Precautionary
Principle in International Treaties
and Agreements
1999
Le principe de precaution en droit
international de environnement
Martin-Bidou, Pascale
103 RGDIP 631, p: 631-666
1999
Protecting Public Health and the
Environment: Implementing the
Precautionary Principle.
On Science and Precaution in the
Management of Technological
Risk
Raffesperger, C. ,
Tickner, J.,
Washington, DC: Island press.
http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj12/
maret2.html
Stirling, A.
Sussex, UK: Science and Technology
Policy Research Unit, SPRU, University
of Sussex
Can be purchased from:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/
1999
http://www.biotechinfo.net/treaties_and_agreem
ents.html
Year
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2001
2001
2001
Title
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
Communication from the
Commission to the European
Council on the Precautionary
Principle
Le Principe de precaution en droit
international public
A Precautionary Tale: The
International Trade Implications of
Regulating Genetically Modified
Foods in Australia and New
Zealand
The Precautionary Preference:
An American Perspective on the
Precautionary Principle.
International Journal of
Occupational and Environmental
Health : (special issue on the
precautionary principle)
The Precautionary Principle and
Chemical Regulation in the US
Commission of the
European
Communities
COM 1.
http://europa.eu.int/eurlex/en/com/cnc/2000/com200
0_0001en01.pdf
Iynedjian, Marc
78 Revye de Droit International 247-262
Lietz, Denise M.
10 Pac. Rim L. & Poly'y. 411 - 442
Abstract
http://www.law.washington.ed
u/pacrim/abstract/10.2.htm#lie
tz
Applegate, John
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
6, no. 3: 413-443 (special issue on the
precautionary principle)
By subscription to:
http://journalsonline.tandf.co.u
k/
Wagner, W.
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
6: No.3: 459-477
By subscription to:
http://journalsonline.tandf.co.u
k/
Die Grundprinziplien des
schweizerschen Umweltrechts
The Precautionary Principle also
Applies to Public Health Actions.
Griffel, Alain
?
Goldstein B.
American Journal of Public Health 91:
1358-1361
Re-energizing Public Health
Through Precaution.
Kriebel D, Tickner, J.
American Journal of Public Health 91:
1351-1355
Abstract available from:
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/conten
t/abstract/91/9/1358
Abstract available from:
http://www.ajph.org/cgi/conten
t/abstract/91/9/1351
Year
Title
2001
The Precautionary Principle in
Environmental Science
2001
Re-interpreting the Precautionary
Principle
2002
Substitution and Precaution - Both
on Principle?
2002
Implementing a Precautionary
Approach in Decisions Affecting
Health, Safety and the
Environment: Risk, Technology
Alternatives and Trade offAnalysis
Le principe de precaution:
Nature, continue et limites, in: Le
Principe de precaution: Aspects
de droit international et
communautaire
The Precautionary Principle
2002
2002
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
Kriebel D, Tickner J,
Epstein P, Lemons J,
Levins R, Loechler
EL, Quinn MM, Rudel
R, Schettler T, Stoto
M.
O'Riordan, T,
Cameron, J and
Jordan, A.
Ahlers, Jan.
Environmental Health Perspectives;
109:871-876
http://www.ehponline.org/me
mbers/2001/109p871876kriebel/kriebel.pdf
Cameron and May, London
Ashford, N.A.
Diplomatische Akademie Wien
Can be purchased from:
http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/cm.b
ooks/1874698236.php
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
Boisson de
Chazournes,
Laurence
Editions Panthéon Assas, 65 (Charles
Leben et Joe Verhoeveneds.)
Boisson de
Chazournes,
Laurence
Precaution from Rio to Johennesburg:
Proceedings of a Geneva Environment
Network Roundtable (UNEP, Geneva) 10
Diplomatische Akademie Wien
http://www.environmenthouse.
ch/docspublications/reportsRo
undtables/Precaution%20Rep
ort%20e.pdf
Year
Title
Author(s)
2002
The Origins, Content and Role of
the Precautionary Principle in
European Community Law
Christoforou,
Theofanis
2002
Precaution in International
Sustainable Development Law
Late Lessons from Early
Warnings: The Precautionary
Principle.
Cordonier Segger M.C., Gehring, M.
Edited by: Poul
Harremo (Chairman),
David Gee (EEA
editor), Malcolm
MacGarvin (Executive
editor), Andy Stirling,
Jane Keys, Brian
Wynne, Sofia Guedes
Vaz.
Freytag, E., et al.
2002
2002
The Role of Precaution in
Chemicals Policy
2002
Late Lessons from Early
Warnings - some Implications for
Chemicals Policy
The Precautionary Principle in
International Law.
Gee, David
The Precautionary Principle under
WTO Law
Marceau, Gabrielle
2002
2002
Loibl, Gerhard
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
The Role of Precaution in Chemicals
Policy (E. Freytag.e.a. (eds)).
Diplomatische Akademie
Wien
Legal brief of the Centre for International
Sustainable Development Law
Environmental issue report No. 22
European Environment Agency
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
Diplomatische Akademie Wien
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
http://www.environmenthouse.
ch/docspublications/reportsRo
undtables/Precaution%20Rep
ort%20e.pdf
The Role of Precaution in Chemicals
Policy (E. Freytag et al (eds)),
Diplomatische Akademie Wien 2002
The Role of Precaution in Chemicals
Policy(E. Freytag et al (eds)).
Diplomatische Akademie Wien
Precaution from Rio to Johannesburg:
Proceedings of a Geneva Environment
Network Roundtable (UNEP, Geneva).
www.cisdl.org/publications/leg
albriefs.html
http://reports.eea.europa.eu/e
nvironmental_issue_report_20
01_22/en
Year
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2003
Title
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
International Courts and the
Precautionary Principles in
"Precaution from Rio to
Johannesburg:
Environmental Regulatory
Decision making under
Uncertainty
Science and the Rationality of
Precaution
Sands, Philippe
Proceedings of a Geneva Environment
Network Roundtable (UNEP, Geneva).
Stewart, Richard B
Research in Law and Economics (71)
Stirling, Andy
Precautionary Assessment: A
Framework for Integrating
Science, Uncertainty and
Preventive Public Policy
Precaution and the Stockholm
Convention
Tickner, Joel A.
The Role of Precaution in Chemicals
Policy (E.- Freytage.a. (eds)
Diplamatische Akademie Wien
The Role of Precaution in Chemicals
Policy (E.- Freytage.a. (eds)
Diplamatische Akademie Wien
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
Wahlstrom, Bo
Precaution from Rio to Johannesburg:
Proceedings of a Geneva Environment
Network Roundtable (UNEP, Geneva).
Freytag, E., et al
Vienne: Diplomatische Akademie bWien,
Favorita Papers 01.
Perrez, Franz Xaver
The World Summit on Sustainable
Development: RECIEL 12/1 12
http://www.environmenthouse.
ch/docspublications/reportsRo
undtables/Precaution%20Rep
ort%20e.pdf
http://www.publichealthreports
.org/issuecontents.cfm?Volum
e=117&Issue=6
http://www.greenpeace.to/pub
lications_pdf/viennaconferenc
e.pdf
Subscription required
http://www.blackwellsynergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/
14679388.00340?journalCode=ree
l
Special issue on the
precautionary principle - Public
Health Reports, Nov/Dec. 117
The Role of Precaution in
Chemicals Policy
Environment, Precaution and
Trade - a Potential for Success
and/or Failure
http://www.environmenthouse.
ch/docspublications/reportsRo
undtables/Precaution%20Rep
ort%20e.pdf
Year
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
Title
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
The Precautionary Principles in
Switzerland and Internationally
Precaution Science and
Preventive Environmental Policy
Government of
Switzerland
Tickner, Joel A.
Washington, DC: Island press.
A Compass Towards Improved
Decision-Making
Cartagena Bio safety Protocol:
Article 10, Decision Procedure:
Article 11, Procedure for Living
Modified Organisms Intended for
Direct Use as Food or Feed, or for
Processing.
A Framework for the Application
of Precaution in Science-Based
Decision Making About Risk
Tickner J, Kriebel, D
and Wright S.
International Journal of Epidemiology,
Aug; 32:489-92
Sustainable Development Law:
Principles, Practices and
Prospects
The Precautionary PrincipleStimulus for Solutions and
Alternatives-based Environmental
Policy
Cordonnier Segger
M.-C., Khalfan, A.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 144
Tickner, J. Geiser, K.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Reviews, Vol. 24
Web site
http://www.bag.admin.ch/
Government of
Canada
Can be purchased from:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/
obidos/tg/detail//1559633328?v=glance
http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi
/reprint/32/4/489
http://www.biodiv.org/biosafet
y/protocol.asp
English:
http://www.pcobcp.gc.ca/docs/Publications/p
recaution/precaution_e.pdf
French: http://www.pcobcp.gc.ca/docs/Publications/p
recaution/precaution_f.pdf
Available by subscription
http://jel.oxfordjournals.org/cgi
/reprint/18/2/323
Abstract:
http://www.csa.com/ids70/link
abst.php?issn=01959255&vol=24&firstpage=801
Year
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
Title
European Journal of Oncology
Special issue on the
precautionary principle, Vol:2.
The Precautionary Principles:
protecting public health, the
environment and the future of our
children.
Implications of the precautionary
principle for primary prevention
and research
Stockholm Convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants:
Article 1, Objective
Article 8, List of Chemicals
Precautionary Tools for
Reshaping Environmental Policy
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
Web site
Martuzzi, Marco and
Tickner, Joel.
World Health Organization Regional
Office for Europe, Copenhagen.
http://www.euro.who.int/docu
ment/e83079.pdf
Grandjean, P.
Annu. Rev. Publ. Health: 25, 199-223
Abstract available at:
http://www.pubmed.gov
http://www.pops.int
Meyers, Nancy and
Raffensperger,
Carolyn
Cambridge: MIT Press
2005
The 1991 Cholera Epidemic in
Peru: Not a Case of Precaution
Gone Awry
Tickner, J, GourveiaVigeant, T.
Risk Analysis, 25: 495-502.
2005
Laws of Fear: Beyond the
Precautionary Principle
Sunstein, Cass
Cambridge University Press
2005
Environmental Principles: From
Political Slogans to Legal Rules
De Sadeleer, Nicolas
Oxford University Press
Can be purchased from:
http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog
/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid
=10643
Abstract:
http://www.blackwellsynergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/
j.1539-6924.2005.00617.x
Abstract:
http://www.cambridge.org/aus
/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isb
n=0521615127
Abstract:
http://www.globallawbooks.or
g/reviews/detail.asp?id=219
Year
Title
Author(s)
Reference
Nos/Information
2005
Epidemiology and precaution 150
years before Snow
Grandjean, P and
Klein, G.
Epidemiology 16: 271-2
2006
The Precautionary Principle and
Public Policy Decision Making. A
prospective analysis of the role of
the PP for emerging scientific and
technological fields in different
regions of the world
Risk Regulation, Precaution and
Trade
Fisher, Jones and
Von Schomberg (eds)
Publisher: Edward Elgar
Perrez, Franz Xaver
Biodiversity and the Precautionary
Principle
Cooney, R and
Dickson, B.
In: Genetic Engineering: challenges
posed by a new Technology to the World
Trading System (Cottier, Thomas and
Wuger, Daniel eds.) Oxford University
Press (printing)
London, Earthscan
2006
2006
Web site
Available by subscription
from:
http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/
epidemiology/
Abstract and purchase from:
http://www.eelgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.la
sso?id=4075
Purchase from:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/exe
c/obidos/ASIN/1844072770