Research4Life Programmes/
E-Resources Overview
(Basic Course: Module 1)
Table of Contents
 Background – Research4Life Programmes
(HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI)
 Research4Life Do’s and Don’t’s
 Technical Requirements for HINARI
 E-Resources
 Types of Journals
 Journal Impact Factor
Goals of Research4Life Programmes (R4L)
To connect developing world researchers
with the international scientific community
To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve
the quality of locally produced articles and
journals
Ultimately – improve health, food security
and environment in relation to Millennium
Development Goals that were developed
in 2000
Primary Target Audiences
Eligible categories of institutions are:
• national universities
• professional schools (medicine, nursing,
pharmacy, public health, dentistry)
• research institutes
• teaching hospitals
• government: ministries and agencies
• national medical libraries
• locally based non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)
All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members
and students are entitled to access and can obtain
the institutional User Name and Password.
Who is eligible for R4L Programmes
Eligibility (01 2014)
1. Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above
US$ 1 trillion are not eligible for HINARI regardless
of other factors
2. Core Offer Group A - Free Access
All countries, areas, or territories fulfilling any of the
below criteria:
a. UN Least Developed Country List and/or
b. Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less
than 0.50 and/or
c. Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less
than US$ 150 billion where:
1. HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/or
2. Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is
at or less than US$ 1600
3. Core Offer Group B - Fee access with $1500
annual fee per institution:
a. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 1 billion
and/or
b. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 20 billion
where GNIpc is at or less than US$10,000
and/or
c. Total GNI is at or less than US$ 180 billion
where:
1. HDI is at or less than 0.67 and/or
2. GNIpc is at or less than US$ 5000
Partners
Key Publishers
• Elsevier
• Springer
• Wiley
• Sage
• Taylor & Francis
• Lippincott/Williams &
Wilkins
• BioOne
• Oxford University Press
• Nature Publishing
• Other science/technical/
medical publishers
P Programme Partnersartners
• World Health Organization
• Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
• United Nations Environment
Programme
• World Intellectual Property
Organization
• International Association of
Scientific, Technical and Medical
Publishers
• Yale University Library
• Cornell University Mann Library
• National Library of Medicine
• Information Training and Outreach
Centre for Africa
• Librarians Without Borders®/MLA
http://extranet.who.int/hinari/en/partners.php
HINARI
(HINARI Access to Research Initiative)
• Online portal to access information on
health and related social sciences
• Coordinated by WHO and Yale University
• Currently, more30than
5700 registered
publishers:
institutions
• 500 publishers offering up to 14,000
journals / 33,000 books / 90 other
information resources / 500 publishers'
content included [January 2015]
http://www.who.int/hinari
30 publishers:
AGORA
(Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture)
• Online portal to access information on
agriculture and related sciences
• Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University,
30 publishers:
USA
• More than 2800 registered institutions
• Up to 5,700 journals / 4,100 books / 20
other information resources / 250
publishers' content included [January 2015]
http://www.aginternetwork.org
OARE
(Online Access to Research in the Environment)
• Online portal to access environmental
information
• Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University
publishers:
• More than 280030registered
institutions
• Up to Over 5,700 journals / 15,000 books /
50 other information resources / 130
publishers' content included [January 2015]
http://www.unep.org/oare
ARDI
(Access to Research for Development and Innovation )
• Online portal to access development and
innovation research; ARDI was launched by
the World Intellectual Property Organization in
2009 and joined R4L in 2011
• Supports researchers
in developing countries
30 publishers:
in creating and developing new solutions to
technical challenges faced on a local and
global level
• More than 300 registered institutions. Up to
4,000 journals; 18,000 books; 30 publishers
[January 2015]
http://www.wipo.int/ardi
R4L Resources Usage: Do Share
Institution’s R4L usernames and passwords
with:
Authorized Users: an institution’s employee,
permanent or visiting faculty or student
Walk-in Users: anyone who comes to the
institution’s premises and is permitted by
the institution to access services there
Note: Access from remote access is
permissible but limited to computers owned
personally by employees or by institution
Copyright and Fair Use
Is the same as typical copyright and fair
use principles; it is OK to:
Download or print up to 15% of a journal
issue or book
Use material for educational purposes
(course packs or reserves)
Make copies for institution members or
students
Note: Always credit sources
Abuse of Privileges: Do Not
Share usernames and passwords with those
from outside the institution
Supply documents to individuals or
organizations outside the registered
institution
Charge a fee for supplying documents
except to recover cost of printing
Use R4L programmes when outside the
country
Do Not (continued)
Upload or post the material to a publicly
available website or elsewhere
Post usernames and passwords to websites
or blogs that are publically accessible
Note: Violations result in the institution or
possibly entire country denied access until the
problem is resolved. If your institution’s
password does not work for several days, it may
have been compromised. DO NOT REGISTER
AGAIN. Report this to researchforlife@who.int
and always including your UserID.
Internet Requirements for HINARI
• 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or
cable connection required.
• A hard-wired full-time Internet connection
(T1 or better) enables the fastest
downloads.
• Satellite or network connections, though
slower, are also adequate.
• Web Browser - Internet Explorer version
5.0 or Mozilla Firefox 17.0 or any version
of Google Chrome
Java
• You will need Java to view some articles
especially in HINARI
• Java can be downloaded for FREE from
the following website:
www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp
Why Use E-Resources?
• An up-to-date resource
• Convenience
• Extra features—e.g. search facilities, links
to other databases, supplementary
information
• Access to a wider range of material than
might otherwise be available within the
local medical library
Electronic Journal Formats
• Full-text/whole journal available
– Electronic version of print
– Electronic only
• Partial full-text/selected articles only
• Table of contents/citations/abstracts only
• Citations only
Types of Electronic Journals
• Academic
– Refereed journals
– Review journals
– Bulletins
• Non-academic
– Magazines
– Newspapers
Refereed journals
Example: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical
Association
• Used to:
• disseminate research findings
• find out about research by others in your field
• identify methodologies for your own work
• Features
• written by researchers and experts
• aimed at researchers and experts
• articles always cite sources
• peer reviewed
• Strengths/weaknesses
• high-quality, reliable information
• may be slow to be published due to review process
• often fee-based access/may be available via HINARI
Review journals
Example: Reviews in Clinical Gerontology
Features:
• reviews give an overview of the current literature
in a specific research area or discipline
• titles usually contain ‘Review’, ‘Reviews’,
‘Advances in’, ‘Current opinion in’, ‘Progress in’,
‘Trends in’
• have already done much of the literature
searching for you
• may be available via HINARI
Bulletins
Example: None – R4L Programmes have Peer
Reviewed Journals and Bulletins do not qualify
•
•
•
Used for:
• making announcements to a specific audience
• up-to-date information in a very specific area
Features
• written by in-house staff, or staff writers
• may be issued as required, sometimes intermittently
• contain short reports
Strengths/weaknesses
• very up-to-date
• standard very variable
Non-academic resources
• Magazines
– entertainment, information about popular culture,
product information
– easy to read, entertaining, information is
lightweight and not always reliable
• Newspapers
– up-to-the minute information, current affairs,
debate
– can be valuable sources of certain kinds of
information but inherent problems of all
newspapers
Journal Impact Factor
• calculated yearly for journals indexed in Thomson’s
Journal Citation Reports
• is a measure reflecting the average number of
citations to articles published in science and social
science journals
• used as a measure for the relative importance of a
journal within its field; journals with higher impact
factors are deemed to be more important than
those with lower ones
• #s vary widely among fields; the ‘narrower’ the
field, the lower the impact factor of journals tends
to be
Impact Factor for a 2010 journal
Is the average number of times published papers
‘are cited’ up to two years after publication
A = the number of times articles published in 2008-9
were cited in indexed journals during 2010
B = the number of ‘citable items’ published in 20082009 within a discipline; citable items are usually
articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not editorials
or Letters-to-the-Editor
impact factor 2010 = A/B ( published in 2011)
Journal Impact Factor - Issues
• percentage of total citations occurring in the first
two years after publication varies highly by
discipline (higher in biological sciences)
• citations to an article often are made in papers
written by the author(s) of the original article
• journal can adopt editorial policies that increase its
impact factor e.g. editorials (not citable) vs. short
original articles (citable); plus review articles are
cited more often
• Impact Factor scores can ‘influence’ promotion
and tenure at universities throughout the world
This is the end of the HINARI
Basic Course Module 1
There are no exercises for this
part of the course.
Updated 2015 05