Publications for Ben Marais Publications for Ben Marais 2016 Al-Yazidi, L., Marais, B., Hsu, P., Soundappan, S., Kesson, A., Isaacs, D. (2016). A 5-year-old Girl with Chest Wall Mass. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35(5), 592-598. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000 001086">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Graham, S. (2016). Childhood tuberculosis: A roadmap towards zero deaths. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 52(3), 258-261. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12647">[Mo re Information]</a> Solomons, R., Visser, D., Marais, B., Schoeman, J., van Furth, A. (2016). Diagnostic accuracy of a uniform research case definition for TBM in children: A prospective study. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 20(7), 903-908. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.15.0509">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B., Outhred, T., Zumla, A. (2016). Engaging high and low burden countries in the "TB end game". International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 45, 100-102. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.01 5">[More Information]</a> Gurjav, U., Jelfs, P., Hill-Cawthorne, G., Marais, B., Sintchenko, V. (2016). Genotype heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within geospatial hotspots suggests foci of imported infection in Sydney, Australia. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 40, 346-351. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2015.0 7.014">[More Information]</a> Wang, T., Feng, G., Pang, Y., Liu, J., Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Dai, W., Zhang, L., Qiao-Li, Q., Marais, B., et al (2016). High rate of drug resistance among tuberculous meningitis cases in Shaanxi province, China. Scientific Reports, 6, 1-10. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25251">[Mo re Information]</a> Outhred, A., Holmes, N., Sadsad, R., Martinez, E., Jelfs, P., Hill-Cawthorne, G., Gilbert, G., Marais, B., Sintchenko, V. (2016). Identifying Likely Transmission Pathways within a 10-Year Community Outbreak of Tuberculosis by High-Depth Whole Genome Sequencing. PloS One, 11(3), 1-15. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015 0550">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Seddon, J., Detjen, A., Van Der Werf, M., Grzemska, M., Hesseling, A., Curtis, N., Graham, S. (2016). Interrupted BCG vaccination is a major threat to global child health. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 4(4), 251-253. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16) 00099-0">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2016). The global tuberculosis situation and the inexorable rise of drug-resistant disease. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 102, 3-9. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.0 21">[More Information]</a> Trinh, Q., Nguyen, H., Do, T., Nguyen, V., Nguyen, B., Nguyen, T., Sintchenko, V., Marais, B. (2016). Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 46, 56-60. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.02 1">[More Information]</a> Wallis, R., Maeurer, M., Mwaba, P., Chakaya, J., Rustomjee, R., Migliori, G., Marais, B., Schito, M., Churchyard, G., Swaminathan, S., et al (2016). Tuberculosis-advances in development of new drugs, treatment regimens, host-directed therapies, and biomarkers. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16(4), e34-e46. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16) 00070-0">[More Information]</a> Oliwa, J., Marais, B. (2016). Vaccines to prevent pneumonia in children - a developing country perspective. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, In Press, 1-8. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2015.08.00 4">[More Information]</a> Martínez, E., Bustamante, A., Menon, R., Wang, Q., Jelfs, J., Marais, B., Chen, S., Sintchenko, V. (2016). Whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for rapid diagnostics: Feasibility of a decentralised model. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 4(4), 13-14. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16) 00092-8">[More Information]</a> Zumla, A., Schito, M., Chakaya, J., Marais, B., Mwaba, P., Migliori, G., Hoelscher, M., Maeurer, M., Wallis, R. (2016). World TB Day 2016: Reflections on the global TB emergency. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 4(4), 249-251. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(16) 00066-7">[More Information]</a> 2015 Khatami, A., Sparks, R., Marais, B. (2015). A Case of Pediatric Q Fever Osteomyelitis Managed Without Antibiotics. Pediatrics, 136(6), e1629-e1631. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0024" >[More Information]</a> Publications for Ben Marais Outhred, A., Jelfs, P., Suliman, B., Hill-Cawthorne, G., Crawford, A., Marais, B., Sintchenko, V. (2015). Added value of whole-genome sequencing for management of highly drug-resistant TB. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70(4), 1198-1202. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku508">[M ore Information]</a> Solomons, R., Goussard, P., Visser, D., Marais, B., Gie, R., Schoeman, J., van Furth, A. (2015). Chest radiograph findings in children with tuberculous meningitis. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(2), 200-204. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0634">[ More Information]</a> Graham, S., Cuevas, L., Jean-Philippe, P., Browning, R., Casenghi, M., Detjen, A., Gnanashanmugam, D., Hesseling, A., Kampmann, B., Mandalakas, A., Marais, B., et al (2015). Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children: An Update. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61(S3), S179-S187. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ581">[Mo re Information]</a> Zumla, A., Maeurer, M., Marais, B., Chakaya, J., Wejse, C., Lipman, M., McHugh, T., Petersen, E. (2015). Commemorating World Tuberculosis Day 2015. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 1-4. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.00 9">[More Information]</a> Rangaka, M., Cavalcante, S., Marais, B., Thim, S., Martinson, N., Swaminathan, S., Chaisson, R. (2015). Controlling the seedbeds of tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection. The Lancet, 386(10010), 2344-2353. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15) 00323-2">[More Information]</a> Loveday, M., Singh, N., Master, I., Marais, B. (2015). Ethical Dilemmas in Areas Hyperendemic for Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: Response to The Ethics of Isolation for Patients with Tuberculosis in Australia. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, , 1-5. Brigden, G., Furin, J., van Gulik, C., Marais, B. (2015). Getting it right for children: improving tuberculosis treatment access and new treatment options. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 13(4), 451-461. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2015. 1015991">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Solomons, R., Visser, D., Friedrich, S., Diacon, A., Hoek, K., Schoeman, J., van Furth, A. (2015). Improved diagnosis of childhood tuberculous meningitis using more than one nucleic acid amplification test. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(1), 74-80. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0394">[ More Information]</a> Grobler, L., Marais, B., Mabunda, S. (2015). Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other underserved areas. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6(1), 1-81. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00 5314.pub3">[More Information]</a> Thompson, K., Marais, B., Kesson, A., Isaacs, D. (2015). Malaria in Sydney, Australia: Lessons learned from case management. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51(9), 920-923. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12870">[Mo re Information]</a> Dobler, C., Korver, S., Batbayar, O., Nyamdulam, B., Oyuntsetseg, S., Tsolmon, B., Surmaajav, B., Bayarjargal, B., Marais, B. (2015). Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Patients for Whom First-Line Treatment Failed, Mongolia, 2010-2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases (Online), 21(8), 1451-1454. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2108.141860" >[More Information]</a> Paxton, G., Tosif, S., Graham, H., Smith, A., Beverley, C., Standish, J., McCloskey, K., Ferguson, G., Isaacs, D., Gunasekera, H., Marais, B., Britton, P., Elliott, E., Raman, S., et al (2015). Perspective: 'The forgotten children: National inquiry into children in immigration detention (2014)'. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51(4), 365-368. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12873">[Mo re Information]</a> Garcia-Basteiro, A., Lopez-Varela, E., Augusto, O., Gondo, K., Munoz, J., Sacarlal, J., Marais, B., Alonso, P., Ribo, J. (2015). Radiological findings in young children investigated for tuberculosis in Mozambique. PloS One, 10(5), 1-12. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012 7323">[More Information]</a> Graham, S., Grzemska, M., Brands, A., Nguyen, H., Amini, J., Triasih, R., Talukder, K., Ahmed, S., Amanullah, F., Kumar, B., Marais, B., et al (2015). Regional initiatives to address the challenges of tuberculosis in children: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific region. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 166-169. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.01 3">[More Information]</a> Byrne, A., Marais, B., Mitnick, C., Lecca, L., Marks, G. (2015). Risk factors for and origins of COPD. The Lancet, 385(9979), 1723-1734. <a Publications for Ben Marais href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15) 60884-4">[More Information]</a> Gurjav, U., Burneebaatar, B., Narmandakh, E., Tumenbayar, O., Ochirbat, B., Hill-Cawthorne, G., Marais, B., Sintchenko, V. (2015). Spatiotemporal evidence for cross-border spread of MDR-TB along the Trans-Siberian Railway line. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(11), 1376-1382. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.15.0361">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2015). Strategies to improve tuberculosis case finding in children. Public Health Action, 5(2), 90-91. Dobler, C., Korver, S., Batbayar, O., Oyuntsetseg, S., Tsolomon, B., Wright, C., Solongo, B., Marais, B. (2015). Success of community-based directly observed anti-tuberculosis treatment in Mongolia. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(6), 657-662. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0927">[ More Information]</a> Vanden Driessche, K., Hens, N., Tilley, P., Quon, B., Chilvers, M., de Groot, R., Cotton, M., Marais, B., Speert, D., Zlosnik, J. (2015). Surgical Masks Reduce Airborne Spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Colonized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 192(7), 897-899. Solomons, R., Visser, D., Donald, P., Marais, B., Schoeman, J., van Furth, M. (2015). The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid chemistry results in childhood tuberculous meningitis. Child's Nervous System, 31(8), 1335-1340. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-015-274 5-z">[More Information]</a> Nachman, S., Ahmed, A., Amanullah, F., Becerra, M., Botgros, R., Brigden, G., Browning, R., Gardiner, E., Hafner, R., Hesseling, A., Marais, B., et al (2015). Towards early inclusion of children in tuberculosis drugs trials: a consensus statement. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(6), 711-720. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15) 00007-9">[More Information]</a> Negin, J., Abimbola, S., Marais, B. (2015). Tuberculosis among older adults--time to take notice. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 135-137. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.11.01 8">[More Information]</a> Byrne, A., Marais, B., Mitnick, C., Lecca, L., Marks, G. (2015). Tuberculosis and chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 138-146. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.01 6">[More Information]</a> Trinh, Q., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, V., Nguyen, T., Sintchenko, V., Marais, B. (2015). Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection-focus on the Asia-Pacific region. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 170-178. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.11.02 3">[More Information]</a> Oliwa, J., Karumbi, J., Marais, B., Madhi, S., Graham, S. (2015). Tuberculosis as a cause or comorbidity of childhood pneumonia in tuberculosis-endemic areas: A systematic review. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3(3), 235-243. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15) 00028-4">[More Information]</a> Bates, M., Marais, B., Zumla, A. (2015). Tuberculosis Comorbidity with Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(11), 1-15. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017 889">[More Information]</a> Heemskerk, D., Caws, M., Marais, B., Farrar, J. (2015). Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-1913 2-4">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2015). Twelve-Dose Drug Regimen Now Also an Option for Preventing Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(3), 208-210. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2 014.3157">[More Information]</a> Islam, T., Marais, B., Nhung, N., Chiang, C., Yew, W., Yoshiyama, T., Mira, N., van den Broek, J., Lumb, R., Nishikiori, N., et al (2015). Western Pacific Regional Green Light Committee: progress and way forward. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 161-165. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.00 1">[More Information]</a> von Delft, A., Dramowski, A., Khosa, C., Kotze, K., Lederer, P., Mosidi, T., Peters, J., Smith, J., van der Westhuizen, H., von Delft, D., Marais, B., et al (2015). Why healthcare workers are sick of TB. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 32, 147-151. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.00 3">[More Information]</a> 2014 Portevin, D., Moukambi, F., Clowes, P., Bauer, A., Chachage, M., Ntinginya, N., Mfinanga, E., Said, K., Haraka, F., Rachow, A., Marais, B., et Publications for Ben Marais al (2014). Assessment of the novel T-cell activation marker-tuberculosis assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children: a prospective proof-of-concept study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(10), 931-938. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14) 70884-9">[More Information]</a> Morkel, G., Bekker, A., Marais, B., Kirsten, G., van Wyk, J., Dramowski, A. (2014). Bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a South African neonatal intensive care unit. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 34(2), 108-114. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905513Y.0 000000082">[More Information]</a> Bissell, K., Viney, K., Brostrom, R., Gounder, S., Khogali, M., Kishore, K., Kool, B., Kumar, A., Manzi, M., Marais, B., Marks, G., et al (2014). Building operational research capacity in the Pacific. Public Health Action, 4(Suppl 1), S2-S13. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0091">[ More Information]</a> Matoto, V., Viney, K., Roseveare, C., Colagiuri, R., Marais, B. (2014). Burden and spectrum of disease in people with diabetes in Tonga. Public Health Action, 4(Suppl 1), S44-S49. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0080">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B., Schaaf, H., Graham, S. (2014). Child health and tuberculosis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2(4), 254-256. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14) 70009-8">[More Information]</a> Solomons, R., van Elsland, S., Visser, D., Hoek, K., Marais, B., Schoeman, J., van Furth, A. (2014). Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests in tuberculous meningitis -a meta-analysis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 78(4), 398-403. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2 014.01.002">[More Information]</a> Majumdar, S., Marais, B., Denholm, J., Britton, W. (2014). Drug-resistant tuberculosis: collaborative regional leadership required. Medical Journal of Australia, 200(5), 241-242. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja13.00239">[ More Information]</a> Mukherjee, A., Saini, S., Kabra, S., Gupta, N., Singh, V., Singh, S., Bhatnagar, S., Saini, D., Grewal, H., et al, et al (2014). Effect of micronutrient deficiency on QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test and tuberculin skin test in diagnosis of childhood intrathoracic tuberculosis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(1), 38-42. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.216"> [More Information]</a> Esposito, S., DAmbrosio, L., Tadolini, M., Schaaf, H., Luna, J., Marais, B., Centis, R., Dara, M., Matteelli, A., Blasi, F., et al (2014). ERS/WHO Tuberculosis Consilium assistance with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis management in a child: case study of compassionate delamanid use. European Respiratory Journal, 44(3), 811-815. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00060 414">[More Information]</a> Graham, S., Sismanidis, C., Menzies, H., Marais, B., Detjen, A., Black, R. (2014). Importance of tuberculosis control to address child survival. The Lancet, 383(9928), 1605-1607. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14) 60420-7">[More Information]</a> Hill, P., Dye, C., Viney, K., Tabutoa, K., Kienene, T., Bissell, K., Williams, B., Zachariah, R., Marais, B., Harries, A. (2014). Mass treatment to eliminate tuberculosis from an island population. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 18(8), 899-904. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0007">[ More Information]</a> Harries, A., Marais, B., Kool, B., Ram, S., Kumar, A., Gounder, S., Viney, K., Brostrom, R., Roseveare, C., Bissell, K., et al (2014). Mentorship for operational research capacity building: hands-on or hands-off? Public Health Action, 4(S1), S56-S58. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0071">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B., Tadolini, M., Zignol, M., Migliori, G. (2014). Paediatric tuberculosis in Europe: lessons from Denmark and inclusive strategies to consider. European Respiratory Journal, 43(3), 678-684. Fanai, S., Viney, K., Tarivonda, L., Roseveare, C., Tagaro, M., Marais, B. (2014). Profile of tuberculosis patients with delayed sputum smear conversion in the Pacific island of Vanuatu. Public Health Action, 4(Suppl 1), S19-S24. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0075">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2014). Quantifying the tuberculosis disease burden in children. The Lancet, 383(9928), 1530-1531. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14) 60489-X">[More Information]</a> Gurjav, U., Jelfs, P., Holmes (nee McCallum), N., Marais, B., Sintchenko, V. (2014). Temporal dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(455), 1-8. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-4 Publications for Ben Marais 55">[More Information]</a> Cotton, M., Schaaf, H., Rabie, H., Marais, B. (2014). Tuberculosis. In Robin J Green (Eds.), Coovadia's Paediatrics and Child Health, 7th edition, (pp. 354-378). Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Tagaro, M., Harries, A., Kool, B., Ram, S., Viney, K., Marais, B., Tarivonda, L. (2014). Tuberculosis case burden and treatment outcomes in children, adults and older adults, Vanuatu, 2007-2011. Public Health Action, 4(S1), S14-S18. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0074">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B., Schaaf, H. (2014). Tuberculosis in Children. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 4(9), 1-21. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a017 855">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2014). Tuberculosis in children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50(10), 759-767. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12503">[Mo re Information]</a> Solomons, R., Wessels, M., Visser, D., Donald, P., Marais, B., Schoeman, J., van Furth, A. (2014). Uniform research case definition criteria differentiate tuberculous and bacterial meningitis in children. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(11), 1574-1578. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu665">[Mo re Information]</a> Marais, B. (2014). Urine lipoarabinomannan testing in children with tuberculosis. The Lancet Global Health, 2(5), e245-e246. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14) 70207-4">[More Information]</a> 2013 Lawn, S., Mwaba, P., Bates, M., Piatek, A., Alexander, H., Marais, B., Cuevas, L., McHugh, T., Zijenah, L., Kapata, N., et al (2013). Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(4), 349-361. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13) 70008-2">[More Information]</a> Walters, E., Reichmuth, K., Dramowski, A., Marais, B., Cotton, M., Rabie, H. (2013). Antiretroviral Regimens Containing a Single Protease Inhibitor Increase Risk of Virologic Failure in Young HIV-infected Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 32(4), 361-363. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182 79c800">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2013). Challenges in the use of tests to diagnose tuberculosis infection - In Reply. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 24(2), 92-93. Seddon, J., Perez-Velez, C., Schaaf, H., Furin, J., Marais, B., Tebruegge, M., Detjen, A., Hesseling, A., Shah, S., Adams, L., et al (2013). Consensus Statement on Research Definitions for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2(2), 100-109. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/pit012">[ More Information]</a> Ho, J., Marais, B., Gilbert, G., Ralph, A. (2013). Diagnosing tuberculous meningitis - have we made any progress? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 18(6), 783-793. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12099">[Mo re Information]</a> Britton, P., Perez-Velez, C., Marais, B. (2013). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in children. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 24(1), 15-21. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/NB12100">[Mor e Information]</a> Abubakar, I., Zignol, M., Falzon, D., Raviglione, M., Ditiu, L., Masham, S., Adetifa, I., Ford, N., Cox, H., Lawn, S., Marais, B., et al (2013). Drug-resistant tuberculosis: time for visionary political leadership. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(6), 529-539. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13) 70030-6">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Mlambo, C., Rastogi, N., Zozio, T., Duse, A., Victor, T., Marais, E., Warren, R. (2013). Epidemic spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51(6), 1818-1825. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00200-13" >[More Information]</a> Khatami, A., Isaacs, D., Marais, B. (2013). Fever in the returned child traveller. Medicine Today, 14(12), 27-38. Murray, E., Bond, V., Marais, B., Godfrey-Faussett, P., Ayles, H., Beyers, N. (2013). High levels of vulnerability and anticipated stigma reduce the impetus for tuberculosis diagnosis in Cape Town, South Africa. Health Policy and Planning, 28(4), 410-418. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs072"> [More Information]</a> Marais, B., Zumla, A. (2013). History of tuberculosis and drug resistance. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(1), 88-88. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1212308 ">[More Information]</a> Publications for Ben Marais Vanden Driessche, K., Persson, A., Marais, B., Fink, P., Urdahl, K. (2013). Immune Vulnerability of Infants to Tuberculosis. Clinical & Developmental Immunology, 2013, 1-16. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/781320">[ More Information]</a> Mandalakas, A., Hesseling, A., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Sinanovic, E. (2013). Modelling the cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent tuberculosis in child contacts in a high-burden setting. Thorax, 68(3), 247-255. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-2 00933">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Graham, S., Maeurer, M., Zumla, A. (2013). Progress and challenges in childhood tuberculosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(4), 287-289. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13) 70031-8">[More Information]</a> Britton, P., Yeung, V., Lowbridge, C., Isaacs, D., Marais, B. (2013). Spectrum of Disease in Children Treated for Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Children's Hospital in Australia. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2(3), 224-231. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/pit009">[ More Information]</a> Vanden Driessche, K., Marais, B., Wattenberg, M., Magis-Escurra, C., Reijers, M., Tuinman, I., Boeree, M., van Soolingen, D., de Groot, R., Cotton, M. (2013). The Cough Cylinder: a tool to study measures against airborne spread of (myco-) bacteria. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 17(1), 46-53. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0289">[ More Information]</a> Kapata, N., Chanda-Kapata, P., O'Grady, J., Bates, M., Mwaba, P., Janssen, S., Marais, B., Cobelens, F., Grobusch, M., Zumla, A. (2013). Trends in Childhood Tuberculosis in Zambia: A Situation Analysis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 59(2), 134-139. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fms065">[ More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2013). Tuberculosis. Australian Doctor, 2013 (30 August), 27-34. Marais, B., Lonnroth, K., Lawn, S., Migliori, G., Mwaba, P., Glaziou, P., Bates, M., Colagiuri, R., Zijenah, L., Swaminathan, S., et al (2013). Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and non-communicable diseases: integrating health services and control efforts. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(5), 436-448. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13) 70015-X">[More Information]</a> 2012 Raviglione, M., Zumla, A., Marais, B., Horton, R., Motsoaledi, A. (2012). A sustainable agenda for tuberculosis control and research. The Lancet, 379(9821), 1077-1078. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12) 60373-0">[More Information]</a> Bhargava, A., Pai, M., Bhargava, M., Marais, B., Menzies, D. (2012). Can Social Interventions Prevent Tuberculosis? The Papworth Experiment (1918-1943) Revisited. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 186(5), 442-449. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201201-00 23OC">[More Information]</a> Zumla, A., Abubakar, I., Raviglione, M., Hoelscher, M., Ditiu, L., McHugh, T., Squire, S., Cox, H., Ford, N., McNerney, R., Marais, B., et al (2012). Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis - Current Dilemmas, Unanswered Questions, Challenges, and Priority Needs. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 205(2), S228-S240. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir858">[ More Information]</a> Graham, S., Ahmed, T., Amanullah, F., Browning, R., Cardenas, V., Casenghi, M., Cuevas, L., Gale, M., Gie, R., Grzemska, M., Marais, B., et al (2012). Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 1. Proposed Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease. Consensus From an Expert Panel. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 205(2), S199-S208. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis008">[ More Information]</a> Cuevas, L., Browning, R., Bossuyt, P., Casenghi, M., Cotton, M., Cruz, A., Dodd, L., Drobniewski, F., Gale, M., Graham, S., Marais, B., et al (2012). Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 2. Methodological issues for conducting and reporting research evaluations of tuberculosis diagnostics for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children. Consensus from an expert panel. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 205, S209-S215. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir879">[ More Information]</a> Talukder, K., Salim, M., Jerin, I., Sharmin, F., Talukder, M., Marais, B., Nandi, P., Cooreman, E., Rahman, M. (2012). Intervention to increase detection of childhood tuberculosis in Bangladesh. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(1), 70-75. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0060">[ More Information]</a> Al-Dabbagh, M., Driessche, K., Marais, B., Kollmann, T. (2012). Management of Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Children. European Infectious Disease, 6(1), 35-40. Publications for Ben Marais Cotton, M., Marais, B., Andersson, M., Eley, B., Rabie, H., Slogrove, A., Dramowski, A., Schaaf, H., Mehtar, S. (2012). Minimizing the risk of non-vertical, non-sexual HIV infection in children - beyond mother to child transmission. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 15(2), 1-5. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.15.2.17377" >[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Crawford, J., Iredell, J., Ward, M., Simpson, S., Gilbert, G., Griffiths, P., Kamradt-Scott, A., Colagiuri, R., Jones, C., et al (2012). One world, one health: Beyond the Millennium Development Goals. The Lancet, 380(9844), 805-806. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=22939683">[More Information]</a> Seddon, J., Hesseling, A., Marais, B., McIlleron, H., Peloquin, C., Donald, P., Schaaf, H. (2012). Paediatric use of second-line anti-tuberculosis agents: A review. Tuberculosis, 92(1), 9-17. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2011.11.0 01">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Schaaf, H., Menzies, D. (2012). Prevention of TB in areas of high incidence. European Respiratory Monograph, 58, 84-94. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1025448x.10022 911">[More Information]</a> Mukinda, F., Theron, D., van der Spuy, G., Jacobson, K., Roscher, M., Streicher, E., Musekiwa, A., Coetzee, G., Victor, T., Marais, B., et al (2012). Rise in rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis in Western Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(2), 196-202. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0116">[ More Information]</a> Raviglione, M., Marais, B., Floyd, K., Lonnroth, K., Getahun, H., Migliori, G., Harries, A., Nunn, P., Lienhardt, C., Graham, S., et al (2012). Scaling up interventions to achieve global tuberculosis control: progress and new developments. The Lancet, 379(9829), 1902-1913. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12) 60727-2">[More Information]</a> Seddon, J., Hesseling, A., Marais, B., Jordaan, A., Victor, T., Schaaf, H. (2012). The evolving epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis among children in Cape Town, South Africa. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(7), 928-933. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0679">[ More Information]</a> McNerney, R., Maeurer, M., Abubakar, I., Marais, B., McHugh, T., Ford, N., Weyer, K., Lawn, S., Grobusch, M., Memish, Z., et al (2012). Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Biomarkers: Needs, Challenges, Recent Advances, and Opportunities. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 205(SUPPL. 2), S147-S158. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir860">[ More Information]</a> Perez-Velez, C., Marais, B. (2012). Tuberculosis in Children. The New England Journal of Medicine, 367(4), 348-361. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1008049 ">[More Information]</a> Perez-Velez, C., Marais, B. (2012). Tuberculosis in Children- Author's reply. The New England Journal of Medicine, 367(16), 1569-1569. 2011 Obihara, C., Marais, B., Detjen, A., van Furth, M. (2011). A Brief Overview of Mycobacterial Diseases in Children. European Infectious Disease, 5(2), 102-111. Dramowski, A., Bekker, A., Kirsten, G., Marais, B., Rabie, H., Cotton, M. (2011). A case of congenital measles during the 2010 South African epidemic. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 31(2), 18-188. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1465328111Y.0 000000010">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2011). Childhood Tuberculosis: Epidemiology and Natural History of Disease. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 78(3), 321-327. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-010-035 3-1">[More Information]</a> Konstantinos, A., Simpson, G., Sorrell, T., Marais, B. (2011). Doing the right thing for tuberculosis control in the Torres Strait Islands. Medical Journal of Australia, 195(9), 512-512. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja11.10925">[ More Information]</a> Al-Dabbagh, M., Lapphra, K., McGloin, R., Inrig, K., Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Sauve, L., Kitai, I., Kollmann, T., Marais, B. (2011). Drug-resistant tuberculosis: pediatric guidelines. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 30(6), 501-505. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182 0b583d">[More Information]</a> Teasdale, C., Marais, B., Abrams, E. (2011). HIV: prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Clinical Evidence, , 1-33. Teasdale, C., Marais, B., Abrams, E. (2011). HIV: prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Clinical Evidence, 2011, 1-33. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=21477392">[More Information]</a> Publications for Ben Marais Marais, B. (2011). Impact of tuberculosis on maternal and child health. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 203(3), 304-305. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq069">[ More Information]</a> Chemotherapy, (pp. 235-242). Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG. Schaaf, H., Marais, B. (2011). Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a survival guide for paediatricians. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 12(1), 31-38. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.01 0">[More Information]</a> Van Wyk, A., Marais, B., Warren, R., Van Wyk, S., Wright, C. (2011). The use of light-emitting diode fluorescence to diagnose mycobacterial lymphadenitis in fine-needle aspirates from children. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 15(1), 56-60. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=21276297">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Schaaf, H., Donald, P. (2011). Management of tuberculosis in children and new treatment options. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 11(2), 144-156. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=21406050">[More Information]</a> Uys, P., Marais, B., Johnstone-Robertson, S., Hargrove, J., Wood, R. (2011). Transmission Elasticity in Communities Hyperendemic for Tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(12), 1399-1404. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir229">[Mo re Information]</a> Marais, B., Ling, D., Pai, M. (2011). New Approaches to TB Diagnosis in Children. In Vimlesh Seth, S.K. Kabra (Eds.), Essentials of Tuberculosis in Children, (pp. 380-394). New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Marais, B., Donald, P. (2011). Tuberculous Lymphadenitis. In Vimlesh Seth, S.K. Kabra (Eds.), Essentials of Tuberculosis in Children, (pp. 122-127). New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Marais, B. (2011). On the role of chest CT scanning in a TB outbreak investigation. Chest, 139(1), 229. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-1775">[ More Information]</a> Du Preez, K., Hesseling, A., Mandalakas, A., Marais, B., Schaaf, H. (2011). Opportunities for chemoprophylaxis in children with culture-confirmed tuberculosis. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 31(4), 301-310. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1465328111Y.0 000000035">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Rabie, H., Cotton, M. (2011). TB and HIV in children - advances in prevention and management. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 12(1), 39-45. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.00 2">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Rabie, H., Cotton, M. (2011). TB and HIV in children - advances in prevention and management. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 12(1), 39-45. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.00 2">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Donald, P. (2011). TB in HIV Infected Children. In Vimlesh Seth, S.K. Kabra (Eds.), Essentials of Tuberculosis in Children, (pp. 218-221). New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. McNeeley, D., Raoof, A., Lin, J., Marais, B. (2011). The Evaluation of New Antituberculosis Drugs in Children. In Peter R. Donald, Paul D. van Helden (Eds.), Antituberculosis Rose, P., Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Gie, R., Stefan, D. (2011). Value of bone marrow biopsy in children with suspected disseminated mycobacterial disease. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 15(2), 200-204. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=21219681">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2011). What do we know about how to treat tuberculosis? In Nigel Curtis, Adam Finn, Andrew J. Pollard (Eds.), Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VIII: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 179, (pp. 171-184). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. Ligthelm, L., Nicol, M., Hoek, K., Jacobson, R., van Helden, P., Marais, B., Warren, R., Wright, C. (2011). Xpert MTB/RIF for Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis from Fine-Needle-Aspiration Biopsy Specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49(11), 3967-3970. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01310-11" >[More Information]</a> 2010 Marais, B., van Helden, P., Donald, P. (2010). Adequacy of 6-month follow-up in chemotherapy trials. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14(7), 927; author reply 928-927; author reply 928. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=20550781">[More Information]</a> Publications for Ben Marais Donald, P., Marais, B., Barry 3rd, C. (2010). Age and the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. The Lancet, 375(9729), 1852-1854. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 60580-6">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Schaaf, H. (2010). Childhood Tuberculosis: an emerging and previously neglected problem. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 24(3), 727-749. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2010.04.00 4">[More Information]</a> Wright, C., Hoek, K., Marais, B., van Helden, P., Warren, R. (2010). Combining fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and high-resolution melt analysis to reduce diagnostic delay in Mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 38(7), 482-488. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.21223">[Mor e Information]</a> Marais, S., Pepper, D., Marais, B., Török, E. (2010). HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Tuberculosis, 90(6), 367-374. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2010.08.0 06">[More Information]</a> Stefan, D., Dippenaar, A., Detjen, A., Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Kriel, B., Loebenberg, L., Walzl, G., Hesseling, A. (2010). Interferon-gamma release assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with cancer. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14(6), 689-694. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=20487605">[More Information]</a> Hesseling, A., Marais, B., Kirchner, H., Mandalakas, A., Brittle, W., Victor, T., Warren, R., Schaaf, H. (2010). Mycobacterial genotype is associated with disease phenotype in children. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14(10), 1252-1258. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=20843415">[More Information]</a> Wright, C., Bamford, C., Prince, Y., Vermaak, A., Hoek, K., Marais, B., Warren, R. (2010). Mycobacterial transport medium for routine culture of fine needle aspiration biopsies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95(1), 48-50. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.164038 ">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Raviglione, M., Donald, P., Harries, A., Kritski, A., Kritski, A., Graham, S., El-Sadr, W., Harrington, M., Churchyard, G., et al (2010). Scale-up of services and research priorities for diagnosis, management, and control of tuberculosis: a call to action. The Lancet, 375(9732), 2179-2191. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 60554-5">[More Information]</a> Zumla, A., Raviglione, M., Marais, B. (2010). The Lancet Series: Tuberculosis. United Kingdom: The Lancet Publishing Group. Atun, R., Raviglione, M., Marais, B., Zumla, A. (2010). Tuberculosis control is crucial to achieve the MDGs. The Lancet, 376(9745), 940-941. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10) 61428-6">[More Information]</a> Marais, S., Thwaites, G., Schoeman, J., Török, E., Misra, U., Prasad, K., Donald, P., Wilkinson, R., Marais, B. (2010). Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case defi nition for use in clinical research. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10(11), 803-812. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10) 70138-9">[More Information]</a> 2009 Wilson, N., Couper, I., De Vries, E., Reid, S., Fish, T., Marais, B. (2009). A critical review of interventions to redress the inequitable distribution of healthcare professionals to rural and remote areas. Rural and Remote Health, 9(2), 1060. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19530891">[More Information]</a> Murray, E., Marais, B., Mans, G., Beyers, N., Ayles, H., Godfrey-Faussett, P., Wallman, S., Bond, V. (2009). A multidisciplinary method to map potential tuberculosis transmission 'hot spots' in high-burden communities. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(6), 767-774. Spector, J., Gibson, T., Chakraborty, R., Mandalakas, A., Marais, B. (2009). Atlas of Pediatrics in the Tropics and Resource-limited Settings. United States: American Academy of Pediatrics. Hesseling, A., Caldwell, J., Cotton, M., Eley, B., Jaspan, H., Jennings, K., Marais, B., Nuttall, J., Rabie, H., et al (2009). BCG vaccination in South African HIV-exposed infants--risks and benefits. SAMJ South African Medical Journal, 99(2), 88-91. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19418667">[More Information]</a> van der Spuy, G., Kremer, K., Ndabambi, S., Beyers, N., Dunbar, R., Marais, B., van Helden, P., Warren, R. (2009). Changing Mycobacterium tuberculosis population highlights clade-specific pathogenic characteristics. Tuberculosis, 89(2), 120-125. <a Publications for Ben Marais href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2008.09.0 03">[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2009). Childhood Intra-thoracic Tuberculosis. In Adam Finn, Nigel Curtis, Andrew J. Pollard (Eds.), Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 634, (pp. 129-146). United States: Springer. Marais, B. (2009). Childhood Tuberculosis. In Samir S. Shah (Eds.), Pediatric Practice: Infectious Diseases, (pp. 332-347). United States: McGraw Hill. Moore, D., Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Nuttall, J. (2009). Childhood tuberculosis guidelines of the Southern African Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. The Southern African journal of Epidemiology and Infection, 24(3), 57-68. Graham, S., Marais, B., Gie, R. (2009). Clinical Features and Index of Suspicion of Turberculosis in Children. In H. Simon Schaaf, Alimuddin I. Zumla (Eds.), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference, (pp. 154-163). United Kingdom: Elsevier. Rowe, J., Shah, S., Marais, B., Steenhoff, A. (2009). Diagnosis and management of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected pediatric patients. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 28(2), 147-148. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3181 98d0b0">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Pai, M. (2009). Diagnosis of Childhood Tuberculosis: Recent Advances and Applicability of New Tools. In Surendra K. Sharma, Alladi Mohan (Eds.), Tuberculosis: 2nd Edition, (pp. 602-614). India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Hesseling, A., Johnson, L., Jaspan, H., Cotton, M., Schaaf, H., Fine, P., Eley, B., Marais, B., Nuttall, J., et al (2009). Disseminated bacille Calmette-Guerin disease in HIV-infected South African infants. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87(7), 505-511. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.055657" >[More Information]</a> Schaaf, H., Victor, T., Venter, A., Brittle, W., Jordaan, A., Hesseling, A., Marais, B., van Helden, P., Donald, P. (2009). Ethionamide cross- and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(11), 1355-1359. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19861006">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Wright, C. (2009). Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children. In H. Simon Schaaf, Alimuddin I. Zumla (Eds.), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference, (pp. 823-825). United Kingdom: Elsevier. Wright, C., Warren, R., Marais, B. (2009). Fine needle aspiration biopsy: an undervalued diagnostic modality in paediatric mycobacterial disease. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(12), 1467-1475. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19919763">[More Information]</a> Wright, C., Hesseling, A., Bamford, C., Burgess, S., Warren, R., Marais, B. (2009). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a first-line diagnostic procedure in paediatric tuberculosis suspects with peripheral lymphadenopathy? International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(11), 1373-1379. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19861009">[More Information]</a> Webb, E., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Gie, R., Lombard, C., Spitaels, A., Delport, S., Marais, B., Donald, K., Hindmarsh, P., et al (2009). High prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 13(7), 868-874. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract &list_uids=19555537">[More Information]</a> Hesseling, A., Mandalakas, A., Kirchner, H., Chegou, N., Marais, B., Stanley, K., Zhu, X., Black, G., Beyers, N., Walzl, G. (2009). Highly discordant T cell responses in individuals with recent exposure to household tuberculosis. Thorax, 64(10), 840-846. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2007.085340 ">[More Information]</a> Brittle, W., Marais, B., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Kidd, M., Wasserman, E., Botha, T. (2009). Improvement in mycobacterial yield and reduced time to detection in pediatric samples by use of a nutrient broth growth supplement. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(5), 1287-1279. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02320-08" >[More Information]</a> Grobler, L., Marais, B., Mabunda, S., Marindi, P., Reuter, H., Volmink, J. (2009). Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other underserved areas (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 (1), 1-25. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00 5314.pub2">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Donald, P., Schaaf, H. (2009). Management Algorithms for Paediatric Publications for Ben Marais Tuberculosis. In H. Simon Schaaf, Alimuddin I. Zumla (Eds.), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference, (pp. 323-331). United Kingdom: Elsevier. Marais, B., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Gie, R., van Helden, P., Warren, R. (2009). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission Is Not Related to Household Genotype in a Setting of High Endemicity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(5), 1338-1343. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02490-08" >[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Donald, P. (2009). Natural History of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Children. In H. Simon Schaaf, Alimuddin I. Zumla (Eds.), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference, (pp. 133-145). United Kingdom: Elsevier. Jeena, P., Marais, B., Schaaf, H. (2009). Paediatric Tuberculosis. In D. Wilson, M. Cotton, L.-G. Bekker, T. Meyers, F. Venter, G. Maartens (Eds.), Handbook of HIV Medicine: 2nd Edition, (pp. 162-172). South Africa: Oxford University Press. Marais, B., Schaaf, H., Donald, P. (2009). Pediatric tuberculosis: Issues related to current and future treatment options. Future Microbiology, 4(6), 661-675. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.09.39">[Mo re Information]</a> Marais, B., Ayles, H., Graham, S., Godfrey-Faussett, P. (2009). Screening and Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 30(4), 827-846. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.01 2">[More Information]</a> Schaaf, H., Marais, B., Hesseling, A., Brittle, W., Donald, P. (2009). Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance among children from the Western Cape Province of South Africa--an upward trend. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1486-1490. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.1432 71">[More Information]</a> Cotton, M., Schaaf, H., Rabie, H., Marais, B. (2009). Tuberculosis. In D.F. Wittenberg (Eds.), Coovadias Paediatrics & Child Health: 6th Edition, (pp. 362-386). South Africa: Oxford University Press. Marais, B., Graham, S. (2009). Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis and Involvement of the Reticuloendothelial System in Children. In H. Simon Schaaf, Alimuddin I. Zumla (Eds.), Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference, (pp. 391-396). United Kingdom: Elsevier. 2008 Marais, B. (2008). Childhood tuberculosis – risk assessment and diagnosis. SAMJ South African Medical Journal, 97(10), 978-982. Walters, E., Cotton, M., Rabie, H., Schaaf, H., Walters, L., Marais, B. (2008). Clinical presentation and outcome of Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected children on anti-retroviral therapy. BMC Pediatrics, 8(1), 1-12. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-8-1" >[More Information]</a> Wright, C., van der Burg, M., Geiger, D., Noordzij, J., Burgess, S., Marais, B. (2008). Diagnosing mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children using fine needle aspiration biopsy: cytomorphology, ZN staining and autofluorescence-making more of less. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 36(4), 245-251. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.20788">[Mor e Information]</a> Wright, C., Pienaar, J., Marais, B. (2008). Fine needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic utility in resource-limited settings. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 28(1), 65-70. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146532808X270 707">[More Information]</a> Mandalakas, A., Hesseling, A., Chegou, N., Kirchner, H., Zhu, X., Marais, B., Black, G., Beyers, N., Walzl, G. (2008). High level of discordant IGRA results in HIV-infected adults and children. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(4), 417-423. Volmink, J., Marais, B. (2008), HIV: mother to child transmission. Volmink, J., Marais, B. (2008). HIV: mother-to-child transmission. Clinical Evidence, , 909. Wilson, N., Bouhuijs, P., Conradie, H., Reuter, H., Van Heerden, B., Marais, B. (2008). Perceived educational value and enjoyment of a rural clinical rotation for medical students. Rural and Remote Health, 8(3), 1-13. Marais, B., Esser, M., Godwin, S., Rabie, H., Cotton, M. (2008). Poverty and human immunodeficiency virus in children: A view from the Western Cape, South Africa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136, 21-27. Kruk, A., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Marais, B. (2008). Symptom-Based Screening of Child Tuberculosis Contacts: Improved Feasibility in Resource-Limited Settings. Pediatrics, 121(6), e1646-e1652. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3138" >[More Information]</a> Marais, B. (2008). Tuberculosis in children. Pediatric Pulmonology, 43(4), 322-329. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.20787">[M Publications for Ben Marais ore Information]</a> ">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Brittle, W., Painczyk, K., Hesseling, A., Beyers, N., Wasserman, E., van Soolingen, D., van Soolingen, D., Warren, R. (2008). Use of Light-Emitting Diode Fluorescence Microscopy to Detect Acid-Fast Bacilli in Sputum. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47(2), 203-207. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/589248">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Hesseling, A., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Enarson, D., Beyers, N. (2006). Bacteriologic yield in children with intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42, e69-e71. 2007 Marais, B. (2007). Adult-type TB in children. Salud(i)Ciencia, 14, 977-982. Rabie, H., Marais, B., van Toorn, R., Nel, E., Cotton, M. (2007). Common opportunistic infections in HIV infected infants and children: Part 2 non-respiratory infections. South African Family Practice, 49(2), 40-45. Marais, B., Graham, S., Cotton, M., Beyers, N. (2007). Diagnostic and Management Challenges for Childhood Tuberculosis in the Era of HIV. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Supp. 1, S76-S85. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518659">[More Information]</a> Rabie, H., Marais, B., van Toorn, R., Nourse, P., Nel, E., Goussard, P., Sellers, N., Cotton, M. (2007). Important HIV-associated conditions in HIV–infected infants and children. South African Family Practice, 49(4), 19-23. Marais, B., Pai, M. (2007). New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 8(2), 124-133. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2007.04.00 2">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., De Villiers, M., Kruger, J., Conradie, H., Jenkins, L., Reuter, H. (2007). The role of educational strategies to reverse the inverse performance spiral in academically isolated rural hospitals. South African Family Practice, 49(7), 15-15. 2006 Marais, B., Gie, R., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Lombard, C., Enarson, D., Beyers, N. (2006). A Refined Symptom-Based Approach to Diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children. Pediatrics, 118(5), e1350-e1359. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0519" >[More Information]</a> Marais, B., van Zyl, S., Schaaf, H., van Aardt, M., Gie, R., Beyers, N. (2006). Adherence to isoniazid preventive chemotherapy: a prospective community based study. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(9), 762-765. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.097220 Marais, B., Victor, T., Hesseling, A., Barnard, M., Jordaan, A., Brittle, W., Reuter, H., Beyers, N., van Helden, P., Warren, R., et al (2006). Beijing and Haarlem Genotypes Are Overrepresented among Children with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44(10), 3539-3543. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01291-06" >[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Beyers, N., Donald, P., Starkes, J. (2006). Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Old Wisdom and New Challenges. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 173(10), 1078-1090. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200511-18 09SO">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Rabie, H., Schaaf, H., Cotton, M. (2006). Common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected infants and children: Part 1 respiratory infections. South African Family Practice, 48(10), 52-56. Rabie, H., Marais, B., Cotton, M. (2006). Initiating anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected infants and children. South African Family Practice, 48(7), 54-58. Marais, B. (2006). Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition, 91(1), ep1-ep7. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.072876 ">[More Information]</a> Rabie, H., Marais, B., Cotton, M. (2006). Maintaining infants and children on highly active antiretroviral therapy. South African Family Practice, 48(8), 55-60. Heyns, L., Gie, R., Goussard, P., Beyers, N., Warren, R., Marais, B. (2006). Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in kangaroo mother care units: A risk in tuberculosis-endemic areas. Acta Paediatrica: Nurturing the Child, 95(5), 535-539. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803525060063 6560">[More Information]</a> Rabie, H., Marais, B., Cotton, M. (2006). Preventing and diagnosing HIV infection in infants and children. South African Family Practice, 48(6), 35-41. Marais, B., Gie, R., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Enarson, D., Beyers, N. (2006). Radiographic signs and symptoms in children treated for Publications for Ben Marais tuberculosis: possible implications for symptom-based screening in resource-limited settings. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(3), 237-240. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.00002021 40.76368.74">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Pai, M. (2006). Recent advances in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92(5), 446-452. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.104976 ">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Pai, M. (2006). Specimen collection methods in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 24(4), 249-251. Marais, B., Hesseling, A., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Beyers, N. (2006). The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of community-based surveillance data. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(3), 259-263. Marais, B., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Hesseling, A., Enarson, D., Beyers, N. (2006). The spectrum of disease in children treated for tuberculosis in a highly endemic area. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(7), 732-738. Marais, B., Wright, C., Schaaf, H., Gie, R., Hesseling, A., Enarson, D., Beyers, N. (2006). Tuberculous lymphadenitis as a cause of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy in children from a tuberculosis-endemic area. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(2), 142-146. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.00001992 59.04970.d1">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Donald, P. (2006). Tuberculous Peripheral Lymphadenitis. In Vimlesh Seth, S.K. Kabra (Eds.), Essentials of Tuberculosis in Children: 3rd Edition, (pp. 134-142). India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2005 Marais, B., Gie, R., Hesseling, A., Beyers, N. (2005). Adult-type pulmonary tuberculosis in children 10-14 years of age. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 24(8), 743-744. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.00001733 05.04212.09">[More Information]</a> Theart, A., Marais, B., Gie, R., Hesseling, A., Beyers, N. (2005). Criteria used for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis at primary health care level in a high-burden, urban setting. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 9(11), 1210-1214. Marais, B., Donald, P., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Beyers, N. (2005). Diversity of disease in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 25(2), 79-86. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146532805X456 65">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Obihara, C., Warren, R., Schaaf, H., Gie, R., Donald, P. (2005). The burden of childhood tuberculosis: a public health perspective. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 9(12), 1305-1313. Marais, B., Obihara, C., Gie, R., Schaaf, H., Hesseling, A., Lombard, C., Enarson, D., Bateman, E., Beyers, N. (2005). The prevalence of symptoms associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in randomly selected children from a high burden community. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(11), 1166-1170. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.060640 ">[More Information]</a> Marais, B., Gie, R., Obihara, C., Hesseling, A., Schaaf, H., Beyers, N. (2005). Well defined symptoms are of value in the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(11), 1162-1165. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.070797 ">[More Information]</a>