System of EnvironmentalEconomic Accounting for Energy
(SEEA-Energy)
International Workshop on Energy Statistics
27-30 September 2011, Baku, Azerbaijan
United Nations Statistics Division
Environmental-Economic Accounts Section
Outline of session
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Status of SEEA-Energy
Adoption of SEEA-Energy
SEEA-Energy and IRES
SEEA-Energy and ESCM
SEEA-Energy and SEEA
Comparing: Accounts and balances
Possible applications of SEEA-Energy
SEEA-Energy and UNCEEA
• United Nations Committee of Experts on Environmental Economic Accounting
(UNCEEA) is a strategic body established by the UN Statistical Commission to:
• Provide strategic vision, direction and coordination to mainstream
environmental-economic accounting and supporting statistics in national,
regional and international statistical systems;
• Develop normative international statistical standards and supporting
methodological documents on environmental-economic accounting and
supporting statistics
• The London Group on Environmental Accounting works under the auspices of
the UNCEEA, the Oslo Group coordinates its activities with the UNCEEA
• The SEEA-Energy is being developed by UNSD under the auspices of the
UNCEEA
SEEA-Energy and UNCEEA,
continued…
• The first meeting of UNCEEA in 2006 agreed Energy
Accounts should feature prominently in the SEEA
• The 2nd meeting of the UNCEEA provided general
consensus for producing a document on Energy Accounts
• UNCEEA considered the standardization of energy
accounts an important input to the discussion on climate
change
• requested that work on Energy Accounts be
coordinated with work on Energy balances and
statistics
Status of SEEA-Energy
• Draft chapters 1 to 7, Annexes and Glossary of SEEA-Energy are
available:
• http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seeae/chapterList.asp
• Drafted by consultant Ole Gravgård Pedersen (with financial
support of UNSD and Federal Statistical Office of Germany)
• SEEA-Energy was drafted early in 2011 i.e. somewhat in advance
of the central framework of the SEEA
• Therefore, current efforts to align SEEA-Energy with the central
framework of the SEEA and with IRES…
Towards finalization of SEEAEnergy
• Expert Group Meeting (EGM) on SEEAEnergy in New York 5-7 October 2011
• Will discuss response to a number of
outstanding issues
• To allow drafting of SEEA-Energy
version for global consultation phase
Adopting SEEA-Energy
• After the EGM on SEEA-Energy in New York…
• Update of draft SEEA-Energy chapters to reflect
EGM comments.
• Commence Global Consultation of SEEA-Energy
(Dec 2011 to Jan 2012)
• Update of SEEA-Energy chapters to reflect Global
Consultation
• Final draft of SEEA-Energy will be submitted to
the UNCEEA in 2012
• It is expected that SEEA-Energy will adopted by
the UNSC as a statistical standard in 2012
Towards finalization of SEEAEnergy, continued..
• EGM on SEEA-Energy in New York 5-7 October 2011,
continued…
• Discussion of SEEA-Energy chapters at the EGM
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 The SEEA-E Framework
• Chapter 3 Physical Asset Accounts
• Chapter 4 Monetary Asset Accounts
• Chapter 5 Physical Flow Accounts
• Chapter 6 Monetary and Hybrid Flow Accounts
• Chapter 7 Presentation and Use of Energy Accounts
• Annexes and Glossary
IRES and SEEA-Energy
• International Recommendations for Energy
Statistics (IRES) adopted by the UN Statistical
Commission in February 2011.
• SEEA-Energy chapters will be consistent to
the extent possible and appropriate with IRES
• Ongoing cooperation with Oslo Group and the
Inter-Secretariat Working Group on Energy
Statistics
SEEA-Energy and ESCM
• Work has commenced on an Energy
Statistics Compilers Manual (ESCM)
• ESCM is an integral part of the
implementation of both SEEA-Energy and
IRES
• It will provide practical compilation
guidance
SEEA-Energy and ESCM,
continued…
• Annotated outline of ESCM discussed at Oslo Group
meeting in Canberra, May 2011
• And September 2011 at London Group meeting in
Stockholm
• London Group fully supported the ESCM work
and suggested that discussion of SEEA-Energy
appear more extensively throughout the ESCM
• (i.e. not just in ESCM ‘Chapter 6 – Compilation
of Energy Accounts’)
ESCM Draft outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Conceptual framework
Legal foundations and institutional arrangements
Classification
Data sources and data collection
Compilation of energy balances
Compilation of energy accounts
a) Flow accounts – physical and monetary
b) Assets accounts – physical and monetary
7. Energy indicators and Greenhouse gas emissions
8. Data quality and metadata
9. Data dissemination
ESCM draft timeline
• Sept 2011- :
• Collection of country practices via the country practice template
• Will form the basis for the drafting of ESCM
• Will be stored in the UN knowledge base
• Start working groups and delegate responsibility for the writing of
chapters in the ESCM:
• Late 2011- early 2012:
• Drafting of chapters
• October 2012:
• 7th OG meeting in Finland (and next LG meeting). Discuss and
review draft text
• 2013:
• 8th OG meeting and LG meeting
• ESCM completed
SEEA-Energy Applications
• Energy Accounts, Energy Balances, Energy
statistics
• Which one should I use?
• It depends on the type of analysis…
Energy Accounts, Energy
Balances, Energy statistics…
• Accounts
• Based on energy statistics
• Organized around activity of
producing and consuming
units
• E.g .Transport =
transport industry only
• Physical and monetary
• Flows and Stocks
• Residence principle
• National accounts Supply
Use format
• Balances, statistics
• Based on energy statistics
• Based on energy sector
technologies
• E.g. Transport = all
industries’ use of transport
• Physical
• Flows and Stocks
• Territory principle
• Various formats
Energy Accounts, Energy
Balances, Energy statistics…
• Energy accounts have advantages for:
• Comparing physical information with
information on economic activities
• Presenting specific monetary information
related to energy issues
• Linking energy information to economic
instruments e.g. taxes, subsidies, permits
Energy Accounts, Energy
Balances, Energy statistics…
• For example, energy balances and statistics can
provide the basis for estimates of emissions related to
energy
• If we want to manage the level of emissions, energy
balances and statistics can provide an indication of
how each energy source contributes to emissions
• But not the economic units who are responsible
• And not the economic unit who will be affected by
schemes to manage emissions
Energy Accounts, Energy
Balances, Energy statistics…
• Energy Accounts reveal information on who owns, who
produces and who consumes
• So, for example, if an emission trading scheme is
introduced…
• Energy Accounts could tell us
• who pays the cost of managing emissions (i.e.
households, various industries);
• the resulting impact on levels of emissions generated
by households and by various industries; and
• impact on incomes, taxes and so on…
Applications of SEEA-Energy
• SEEA-Energy devotes a chapter to guide
users on its potential applications
• SEEA-Energy strength is to highlight
interaction between economy and energy to
better guide decision-making and policymaking
SEEA-Energy Applications,
• Analyses presented here generally focus on use
of those features specific to energy accounts:
• Monetary information
• Information on industries
• Coherent comparison of physical and
monetary data
• Use of input-output modeling
• Etc.
Examples of SEEA-Energy
applications
• Following slides will discuss analyses in the
following areas:
• Energy contribution to national income and
wealth
• Developments in supply and use of energy
• Role of renewable energy
• Analyses of economic growth and energy use
• Energy use and emissions to air
Energy contribution to national
income and wealth…
• In the following graph we see output of
various energy producers over time
• Economic output may be growing or falling
over time
• Producers’ output and income may be
increasing, even as physical extraction of
energy resources is falling (and vice versa)
Energy contribution to national
income and wealth…
• E.g. Output from energy industries…
Energy contribution to national
income and wealth continued…
• depletion-adjusted operating surplus equals
• operating surplus of extractors of energy
resources and generators of energy
• less the value of depletion of natural energy
resources
• Better informs the sustainability of this
type of production
Energy contribution to national
income and wealth continued…
• Other types of analyses:
• Energy and its relationship to energy taxes,
government budgets and sustainable government
revenue
• Foreign trade and the extent to which a country is
reliant on energy exports and/or dependent on
energy imports
• Direct contribution of energy assets to national
wealth
Monitoring developments in
Energy supply and use
• Overall supply and use of energy
• Physical use of energy by households and
by industry
• And corresponding monetary use of
energy by these units
• Proportion of household and business
spending related to energy
Role of renewable energy
• Following graph shows contribution of
renewable energy to total primary energy
production
• For renewable energy production: price of
output; intermediate costs, capital formation and
so on can all be compared to corresponding
figures for non-renewable energy
Role of renewable energy
• Black line = renewable share of primary energy
Analyses of economic growth and
energy use
• Analysis of energy use in relation to economic
growth and efficiencies of industries
• Important question of decoupling of economic
growth and energy use
• i.e. is growth becoming more or less sustainable?
Analyses of economic growth and
energy use, continued…
• Decomposing factors underlying changing energy use
• Shift to more/less efficient industries
• Shift to more/less efficient processes and
technologies
• Shift in structure of final demand
• Example in following slide – growth in energy use is
slower than growth in final demand
• Contributing factors shown…
Decomposing factors underlying
energy use
Figure 7.27The change in industries1) energy use and the factors behind the change
1000
800
1)Excluding transportation services
G r o w t h o f fi n al d e m a n d
600
To t a l ch a n ge in e n e r g y
400
Pet aj o ul e
u se
200
St r u c t u r e o f f i n a l d e m a n d
0
In d u st r y st r u c t u r e
-2 0 0
En e r g y i n t e n s i t y
-4 0 0
-6 0 0
'9 0
'9 2
'9 4
'96
'9 8
'00
'0 2
'04
'06
Energy use and air emissions
• SEEA-Energy standard tables do not record air
emissions arising from energy production and use
• However, SEEA-Energy is well-placed to support
emissions-related analyses
• As a basis for estimating emissions…
• As a framework to evaluate schemes for
managing energy-related emissions
THANK YOU!
For additional information please contact the
Environmental-Economic Accounts Section
seea@un.org