Department of Spanish and Portuguese
Spring 2012
Course Description
Carnival in Brazilian Literature
and Culture
Fall 2011 Seminar
POR 381/LAS 392
Wednesday, 3:30 – 6:00 PM @ PAR 304
Prof. Niyi Afolabi
Office Hour: MW 2:00 - 3:30 PM
Office: BEN 3.110
Tel: 232-4510
E-mail: afolabi@mail.utexas.edu
DESCRIPTION:
This Seminar interrogates the relationship between the rituals of carnival, the
interfacial myths of celebration and renewal, and the complex dynamics of inclusive
exclusion that the event represents for marginalized populations, who, ironically, bear
the burden of the actual bacchanal. The course focuses on the question of how this
singular event serves as a duality of “masking” and “negotiation of power” for both the
oppressed and the oppressor in literature and culture. Beyond this panoramic
foreground regarding origins and transformations, the course will examine the
representation(s) of carnival in literature and popular culture from the viewpoint of
performance and cultural theory.
Some of the questions the course attempts to answer include: i. What are the
paradigmatic discourses on carnival in Brazil and in the African diaspora? ii. To what
extent is carnival an all-inclusive phenomenon where everyone participates without
regard to social hierarchies and racial discrimination? Is it really possible to
“neutralize” social hierarchies in a patriarchal and marginalizing space in which
blackness still represents the “marginal” other? iii. What are the main pretexts and
realities of performing and engaging carnival in a space that is economically and
structurally controlled by hegemonic forces? iv. In contrasting and comparing the main
arguments (for or against), what are the popular and epistemological orientations that
shape carnival as a “collective” performance in which participants can propagate their
own individuality through political masking? v. Is there an absolute conviction on the
possibility of an alternative or paradigmatic shift that evokes both relative nostalgia of
Africa and the disillusionment of Afro-descendants in the enigmatic Brazilian mosaic?
vi. How is this space redefined shortly after the ephemeral cultural performance?
GRADING:
5 Response Papers (5 points x5)
Class Participation
Midterm Paper-in-Progress (12-15 pages)
Research Proposal (Abstract +Bibliography)
2 Oral Presentations (Midterm and Final)
Final Research Paper (20-25 pages)
= 15%
= 20%
= 20%
= 10%
= 10%
= 25%
TEXTS:
Mikhail Bakhtin: A cultura popular na idade média
Anatol Rosenfeld: O mito e o herói no moderno teatro brasileiro
Jorge Amado: O país do carnaval (romance)
Roberto da Matta: Carnavais, malandros e heróis
Ruy Castro: Carnaval no fogo (romance)
Vinicius de Moraes: Orfeu da Conceição (peça teatral)
Wilson Louzada: Contos de carnaval
Antônio Risério: Carnaval Ijexá
João Gabriel de Lima: Carnaval (romance)
Walter Sousa Jr.: O Ilê Aiyê e a relação com o Estado
RECOMMENDED: (for Non-Portuguese Speakers in Class)
Roberto da Matta: Carnivals, Rogues, and Heroes
Mikhail Bakhtin: The Bakhtin Reader
Mircea Eliade: The Sacred and the Profane
Robert Moser: The Carnivalesque Defunto
Alma Guillermoprieto: Samba
Thomas Anderson: Carnival and National Identity
John Krich: Why is this Country Dancing?
Barbara Browning: Samba: Resistance in Motion
Jorge Amado: Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands
GENERALITIES
ATTENDANCE & PARTICIPATION
Given the seminar-style of this course, skipping classes will put you at a disadvantage since you cannot
participate if you are absent. This segment counts for 20%.
RESPONSE PAPERS
These are meant to provide critical reactions or responses to your readings. When properly done, it
involves a brief exposition of the main arguments of the reading, your critical analysis, and a
“position” taken in a form of a reflection or how the specific reading affected you in a personal way.
What strikes you in a reading may not strike someone else. It is about your own position not someone
else’s. The length of each paper is 2 double-spaced pages. This exercise (5 short responses) counts for
15%.
MIDTERM PAPER
This is to get you ready for your “final research paper” by getting started on your research paper very
early through a “Research-in-Progress” paper that should get your projected final research paper in
advanced gear. As the case may be for each student’s personal research style, the exercise expects you
to: (i) present your research proposal in a cogent manner by advancing a thesis statement of your
paper and the main arguments; or (ii) alternatively annotate your working bibliography where you
synthesize your readings of a number of articles and/or books (according to the topic) The paper
should be at least 12-15 pages. Counts for 20%.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
This is a 2-page assignment where the topic of the final paper is fleshed out in an abstract form that
highlights the main arguments and a thesis. Counts for 10%.
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
This is a topic you have researched and developed throughout the semester. A list of possible topics
will be distributed before MIDTERM. Any of your response papers could be further developed into a
research paper if properly coordinated. Likewise your midterm assignment is meant as a “midway”
moment for you to work on a potential final research topic in terms of a Work-in-Progress. The final
paper should be between 20-25 pages. The assignment counts for 25%.
SYLLABUS
August
24
Introduction to course
Cultural Theory and Social Practice
31
READ: Mikhail Bakhtin: A cultura popular na idade média
DUE: Response Paper #1
September
Heroism and Performance Theory
7
READ: Anatol Rosenfeld: O mito e o herói no moderno teatro brasileiro
Manuel Bandeira: “Carnaval” (poem)
Brazilian Cultural Theory: Carnival and Malandragem
14
READ: Roberto da Matta: Carnavais, malandros e heróis
DUE: Response Paper #2
Comparing Versions: Myths and Realities of Orpheus
21
READ: Vinicius de Moraes: Orfeu da Conceição
SCREENING: “Orfeu Negro” (1959) e “Orfeu” (2000)
Narrating Carnival: Short Stories I
28
READ: Wilson Louzada: Contos de carnaval pp. 1-108
Clarice Lispector: “Restos do Carnaval” (Felicidade Cladestina)
DUE: Response Paper #3
October
Narrating Carnival: Short Stories II
5
READ: Wilson Louzada: Contos de carnaval pp. 112-191
DUE: MIDTERM PAPER (Oral Presentation I)
Narrating Carnival: Short Stories III
12
READ: Wilson Louzada: Contos de carnaval pp. 194-366
Carnival as Illusion of Happiness
19
READ: Jorge Amado: O país do carnaval
DUE: Response Paper #4
Representing Rio Carnival
26
READ: Ruy Castro: Carnaval no fogo
SCREENING: “Desfile das Escolas de Samba”
DUE: Research Proposal
November
Rio Carnival as Love and Fantasy
2
READ: João Gabriel de Lima: Carnaval [romance]
DUE: Response paper #5
Afro-Bahian Carnival
9
READ: Antônio Risério: Carnaval Ijexá (xerox)
READ: Dunn, Christopher. "Afro-Bahian Carnival: A Stage for Protest."
Afro-Hispanic Review 11:1 (1992): 11-20.
SCREENING: “Festive Land”
Carnival and the State: A Critique
16
READ: Walter Sousa Jr.: O Ilê Aiyê e a relação com o Estado
SCREENING: “Deusa do Ébano” (Ebony Goddess)
23
Final Presentations I
30
Final Presentations II & Course Conclusion
DUE: Final Research Paper (Oral Presentation II)
NUMERICAL GRADING
A
= 93-100
A- = 90-92
B+ = 86-89
B
= 83-85
B- = 79-82
C
= 70-80
D
= 60-69
F
= 00-59
IMPORTANT DUE DATES
Response Paper #1: August 31
Position Paper #2: September 14
Position Paper #3: September 28
MIDTERM PAPER: October 5
Position Paper #4: October 19
RESEARCH PROPOSAL: October 26
Position Paper #5: November 2
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER: November 30
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Silva, Jônatas Conceição da. Vozes Quilombolas: Uma Poética Brasileira.
Salvador: EDUFBA and Ilê Aiyê, 2004.
Silva, Francisco Carlos Cardoso da. “Ilê Aiyê , a Invenção contra o
Racismo.” Invenções Negras na Bahia: Pontos Para Discussão sobre
o Racismo à Brasileira. PhD Thesis. PUC- São Paulo-Brazil. 2008.
Sodré, Muniz. O Terreiro e a Cidade: A Forma Social Negro-Brasileira.
Rio de Janeiro: Vozes, 1988.
Sousa Júnior , Walter Altino de. O Ilê Aiyê e a Relação com o Estado.
Salvador: Visual Editora, 2007.
Spivak, G.C. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. London and
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Stam, Robert. Subversive Pleasures. Bakhtin, Cultural Criticism and Film.
Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
___. “Carnaval, Politics and Brazilian Culture.” Studies in Latin American
Popular Culture 7(1988): 255-263.
Verger, Pierre. Procissões e Carnaval no Brasil. Salvador: CEAO-Ensaios,
1984.
Verger, Pierre. “The Orishas of Bahia.” Os Deuses Africanos no Candomblé
da Bahia/African Gods in the Candomblé of Bahia by Carybé.
Salvador, Bigraf, 1993. 235-261.
Walker, Sheila S. “The Bahian Carnival.” Black Art 5.4 (1984): 23-27.
Walker, Sheila S. “The Feast of Good Death: An Afro-Catholic Emancipation
Celebration in Brazil.” Women in Africa and the Africa
Diaspora.
Eds. Rosalyn Terborg Penn and Andrea Benton Rushing. Washington,
D.C.: Howard University Press, 1996: 203-214.
Williams, David. “From Brazilian to Black: Ilê Aiyê and the ReAfricanization of Salvador da Bahia, Brazil.” Harvard Thesis, 2007.
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Schocken Books, 1975.
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Yudin, Linda Kay. “Filhos de Gandhi Afoxé: Afro-Bahian Dance Traditions
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AUDIO/VIDEO/DISCO/FILMOGRAPHY
Ilê Aiyê. Black Chant. Salvador, Brazil: Ilê Aiyê Group, 1995. Audio CD.
Ilê Aiyê. 25 Anos. Salvador, Brazil: Ilê Aiyê Group, 1999. Audio CD.
Ilê Aiyê. Canto Negro. Salvador, Brazil: Ilê Aiyê Group, 2006. Audio CD.
Mercury, Daniela. O canto da cidade [Chant of the City]. Salvador:
Montes-Bradley, Eduardo. Samba on Your Feet. New York: Patagonia Film Group,
2006. English & Portuguese. 60 mins. DVD.
Moraes-Liu, Carolina. Bloco Afro and Afoxé. DVD.
Moraes-Liu, Carolina. Ebony Goddess: Queen of Ilê Aiyê. DVD.
Moraes-Liu, Carolina. Festive Land: Carnaval in Bahia. DVD.
Various Artists. Pure Brazil 2: Rio Bahia Carnival. 2006. Audio CD.
Various Artists. Axé Bahia 1 &2. Salvador, Brazil: Dolby, 2007. DVD.
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