Course Overview
CS 271- Computer Architecture and Assembly Language
Outline
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Syllabus
Course objectives
Schedule
Required Software
Basics of Computer Architecture
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This??
Syllabus
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Course website
Contact information
Office hours
Textbook
Grades
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Syllabus: Course Website
• http://classes.engr.oregonstate.edu/eecs/fall2014/cs271-501/
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Syllabus: Contact Information
• Dr. Marc Rubin
• Cascades Hall 210
• marc.rubin@osucascades.edu
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!!!
Syllabus: Office Hours
• Cascades Hall 210
• Monday / Wednesday: 16:00 – 17:00
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Syllabus: Textbook
• Assembly Language Step by Step: Programming with Linux (3rd
Edition) by Jeff Duntermann
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Syllabus: Recommended e-book
• Digital Design and Computer Architecture (2nd Edition) by
Harris and Harris
• FREE E-book for OSU students!!
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Syllabus: Grades
• 50% Homework
• 35% Midterm
• 15% Final (or Final Project, TBD)
• Cheating will NOT be tolerated.
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Outline
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Syllabus
Course objectives
Schedule
Required Software
Basics of Computer Architecture
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Course Objectives
• Identify the major components of a computer architecture,
and explain their purposes and interactions.
• Simulate the internal representation of data, and show how
data is stored and accessed in memory.
• Explain the relationships between a hardware architecture and
its instruction set, and simulate micro-programs.
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Course Objectives (cont.)
• Create and simplify circuits that produce specified output for
given inputs (e.g., adders, multiplexers, etc.).
• Explain the Instruction Execution Cycle.
• Explain the differences and relationships among high-level,
assembly, and machine languages.
• Write well-modularized computer programs in an assembly
language, implementing decision, repetition, and procedure
structures.
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Course Objectives (cont.)
• Simulate the system stack as it is used for procedure calls and
parameter passing.
• Explain how editors, assemblers, linkers, and operating
systems enable computer programming.
• Explain various mechanisms for implementing parallelism in
hardware/software.
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How to Learn..
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What’s your learning style?
• Visual, Auditory, Read / Write, Kinesthetic
• http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=questionnaire
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Outline
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Syllabus
Course objectives
Schedule
Required Software
Basics of Computer Architecture
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Schedule
• Detailed schedule on course website
• Increasing levels of abstraction:
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Logic gates
Integrated circuits
Micro-architecture
Instruction set
Assembly language
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This is an Intel processor!!!
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Schedule (rough)
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Week 1: Introduction, logic gates
Week 2: Boolean logic, data representation, simple circuits
Week 3: Micro-architecture, execution
Week 4: Macro-architecture, midterm
Weeks 5-10: Assembly programming…
Schedule may change as course progresses
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Outline
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Syllabus
Course objectives
Schedule
Required Software
Basics of Computer Architecture
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Required Software
• Main tools:
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2.
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Logic gate / circuit simulator
Assembler (on Linux OS)
Required Software: logic gate / circuit simulator
• Logisim: open-source, free simulator
• Runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux
• Simulate logic gates and simple circuits
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Required Software: Assembler
• NASM: The Netwide Assembler
• NASM is installed on the Linux servers in Corvallis
• Minimal (to no) lab support at OSU Cascades
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Required Software: NASM on Linux
• In accordance with main campus, we will use NASM on Linux
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Required Software: NASM on Linux
• For this course, you must either:
• “ssh” into the Linux server(s) in Corvallis
-OR• Install a Linux virtual machine on your PC
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Required Software: NASM on Linux
• Option (1): “ssh” into Linux machine(s)
• For Windows, download the PuTTY client application
• For Macs, use the Terminal application
• OSU Engineering has help page(s) for ssh access:
• http://engineering.oregonstate.edu/computing/personal/85
• Must use command line for navigation, editing, etc.!
• You’re a computer scientist, after all..
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Required Software: NASM on Linux
• Option (2): Install a Linux virtual machine on your PC
• VMWare is free for OSU Engineering students to download
• Create a Linux virtual machine
• I can provide a virtual image with necessary software
Linux running
on my Mac!!
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Required Software
• Don’t worry about Logisim or NASM just yet
• I will provide instructions later
• In the mean time:
• Download PuTTY and “ssh” into OSU Linux servers
• Experiment with Linux command line:
• There are many, many tutorials online
http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/100
http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-commands-cheat-sheets.html
• Download / install VMWare
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Break Time… Take 5-10
• Average attention span of American adult?
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A) 10 minutes
B) 20 minutes
C) 40 minutes
D) SQUIRREL!!
Outline
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Syllabus
Course objectives
Schedule
Required Software
Basics of Computer Architecture
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Architecture Basics
• ALL computers have the same
basic components
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Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Input
Output
CPU
Memory
Input
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Output
Architecture Basics: Central Processing Unit
• “Brains of the computer”
Computer
• Main focus of this course
• Control Unit:
CPU
Control
ALU
• Fetch / decode instructions
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Memory
• Integer arithmetic
• Logic operations
• Much more…
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Input
Output
Architecture Basics: CPU
Intel i7
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*images not to scale*
Architecture Basics: Memory
• Memory buffers data
between I/O and CPU
Computer
CPU
• Primary memory (RAM)
• Expensive, fast
• Volatile, limited size
• “Close” to CPU
Memory
• Secondary memory (disk)
• Inexpensive, slow
• Persistent, vast size
• “Far” from CPU
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Input
Output
Architecture Basics: Input
• Input devices for access
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Computer
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Sensor(s)
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CPU
Memory
Input
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Output
Architecture Basics: Output
• Output devices
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Computer
Monitor(s)
Speaker(s)
Actuators
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CPU
Memory
Input
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Output
Architecture Basics: Operating System
• Operating system controls
how CPU, Memory, Input,
and Output interact
• Operating system is software
that runs on hardware
• How is software and
hardware related to each
other?
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Computer
CPU
Memory
Input
Output
Architecture Basics: Hardware, Software, and Languages
1. High-level computer
programming language
(e.g., C++)
2. Low-level computer
programming language
(e.g., x86 assembly)
3. Machine language
(binary code)
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Architecture Basics: Hardware, Software, and Languages
• High-level languages
• English-like
• Portable to various architectures
• Translated into lower levels using
compilers and assemblers
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1. High-level computer
programming language
(e.g., C++)
Architecture Basics: Hardware, Software, and Languages
• Low-level languages
• Instructions for specific
architectures
• Assembly is machine specific
• Direct control of hardware
• Translated into machine language
using assemblers
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2. Low-level computer
programming language
(e.g., x86 assembly)
Architecture Basics: Hardware, Software, and Languages
• Machine language
• Binary code instructions for
specific architecture
• NOT human readable
3. Machine language
(binary code)
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Architecture Basics: Hardware, Software, and Languages
1. High-level language
compiler translates
source code to…
2. Low-level language
assembler translates
instructions to…
3. Machine language
object code gets
loaded and executed
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Summary of Today’s Lecture
• Went over course objectives, syllabus, grading, and schedule
• Described the software required for this course
• Logisim
• NASM on Linux
• Covered the basic components of ALL computers
• CPU, Memory, I/O
• Described hierarchy of languages
• High-level, low-level, machine language
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Next Steps…
• Download this lecture
• “ssh” into OSU’s Linux server(s)
• Get oriented with Linux command line…
• Stay tuned for first homework assignment
• Next lecture will cover Logic Gates
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